Allelic and haplotypic frequencies at 11 Y-STR loci in Buryats from South-East Siberia

We have obtained Y-STR haplotypes in 12 loci (DYS19, DYS385, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS437, DYS438 and DYS439) from 215 Buryat males. We have found that one haplotype (15-11,18-13-28-23-10-11-14-14-10-12) comprises more than 30% of Y chromosomes in this population while another haplotype (14-11,13-14-30-23-10-14-14-14-10-10) comprises additional 14% of chromosomes. The population under study seems to be very homogenous as far as Y chromosome is regarded and the most frequent haplotype seems to be the modal haplotype for Buryats.     

垄断行业反垄断问题研究：基于《反垄断法》视角

在《中华人民共和国反垄断法》（以下简称《反垄断法》）对垄断行业的规范中,面临着“合理’’与“不合理”的垄断区分问题,《反垄断法》与行业法规的重叠问题,管制与反垄断的冲突问题,以及反垄断理论的选择问题。必须以成本收益分析构建垄断行业之垄断评价体系,选择、构建适合我国国情的反垄断理论框架,明确反垄断法与行业管制的界限,通过司法指南把反垄断法转化为企业市场行为的简明行为准则。     

举证时限制度的困境与出路——追问证据失权的正义性

以失权为核心的举证时限制度正面临着困境。本文对证据失权的正义性提出了质疑。文章认为,证据失权本质上不同于答辩、管辖权异议、上诉等失权,因此不能用上述失权的必要性和合理性来说明证据失权的正当性。证据失权与实体公正存在不可调和的矛盾,失权会造成实体公正失落。我国目前的失权制度甚至也不符合程序公正的要求。美、德等西方国家其实并未真正实行严格的证据失权。改造目前的举证时限制度,用费用制裁替代证据失权,是走出困境的方法。     

社会文化生态与全面建设小康社会

全面建设小康社会是一项涉及经济、政治、文化、生态等诸多因素的系统工程,其中,能否从深层次上充分认识和准确把握当代小康社会得以顺利实现的一个重要客观基础--社会文化生态基础,能否自觉地将社会文化生态系统的稳定、优化与这一建设有机地结合起来,在一定程度上乃是涉及全面小康建设成败的一个关键因素。     

新诗叙事艺术概观

新诗的叙事语言是“大白话”,并向着两个方向提升：一种是艾青式的“现代散美”,另一种是李季式的“民间歌谣美”。新诗的叙事方式主要有三种：故事型、散型、情节暗寓型。新诗的叙事结构更加灵活多变,其关键性的突破在一个“大”字上,几乎想写多大就能多大。     

The suicide mortality rates between 1997-1998 and 2000-2001 in Nantou County of Taiwan following the earthquake of September 21 in 1999.

The paper aims to show the different suicide mortality rate between 1997-1998 and 2000-2001 in Nantou County of Taiwan with earthquake on September 21 (often referred to as the "9-21 earthquake") in 1999. In additional, it also identifies the preventive strategies for the high-risk suicide population. The age-standardized mortality rates for suicide in Nantou County were calculated for the years 1997-1998 and 2000-2001. The suicide standardized mortality ratio (SMR for townships in Nantou were calculated by "type of township" as the standard rate). There is a statistically significant difference in male suicide rates for the years prior to the earthquake (1997-1998) when pooled and compared to the suicide rates for the years after the earthquake (2000-2001). The rate for four age groups (under 25, 25-44, 45-64, 65 and above) all increased, yet all but one (the group of age 45-64) was not statistically significant. The male SMR has slightly increased after the 9-21 earthquake. Yet there are no statistical significances in most townships, except in Kaohsiung and Puli after the 9-21 earthquake. The Kaohsiung SMRs were 1.36 (95% CI: 0.54-2.80) before the earthquake (1997-1998) and 2.01 (95% CI: 1.04-3.52) after the earthquake (2000-2001). The SMRs before and after the earthquake in the Puli Township were 1.51 (95% CI: 0.95-2.29) to 1.56 (95% CI: 1.03-2.27). This study suggests that monitoring high-risk population, especially males or 45-64 years of age who experienced the highest statistically significant suicide rate in this study. The study provides support for providing both the psychological restoration program and, to the extent feasible, financial support for the unemployed as useful public health strategies for suicide prevention in Taiwan.     

Anise oil as para-methoxyamphetamine (PMA) precursor

These days, MDMA is one of the most popular drugs of abuse. Due to its illegality, MDMA and its chemical precursors are watched by governmental organizations in many countries. To avoid conflicts with legal instances, underground chemists have tried to market several new unregulated amphetamine analogues, such as 4-MTA. Para-methoxyamphetamine (PMA), on the other hand, is regulated by law but its precursors are easily obtained since they are cheap and unwatched. This article presents such a case, namely the large scale synthesis of PMA using anethole, a main constituent of anise oil, as precursor. Anethole has been converted to its phenyl acetone analogue via peracid oxidation, while PMA itself has been synthesized using this ketone as precursor in the Leuckart synthesis. The synthesis of PMA using anethole as starting product has been investigated applying GC/MS and GC-HSPME/MS techniques, hereby discovering new specific (4-methoxyphenol) and already identified synthesis impurities (4-methyl-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrimidine, N-(beta-4-methoxyphenylisopropyl)-4-methoxybenzyl methyl ketimine, 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-(2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-methylethyl-2-propanamine, 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-methyl-N-(2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-methylethyl-2-propanamine, N-(beta-4-methoxyphenylisopropyl)-4-methoxybenzaldimine). The new impurity 4-methoxyphenol is specific for the application of a peracid oxidation method where anethole is used as precursor.     

Kamalaśīla on the Nature of Phenomenal Content (ākāra) in Cognition: A Close Reading of TSP ad TS 3626 and Related Passages

Traditional as well as contemporary interpreters of Indian Yogācāra divide that tradition into a variety of doxographical camps depending on whether awareness is understood tobe endowed with phenomenal content (ākāra) and, if so, whether that content is understood to be real or true. Kamala?īla’s extensive commentary on his teacher ?āntarak?ita’s Tattvasa?graha contains passages that throw into question certain doxographical equivalencies, especially the equivalencies sometimes proposed betweenthe doctrine that awareness is endowed with phenomenal content (sākāravāda) and the doctrine that such content is true or real (satyākāravāda) and between the doctrine that awareness is devoid of phenomenal content (nirākāravāda) and the doctrine that such content is false or unreal (alīkākāravāda). Further, in accord with his broadly rhetorical approach to the application of reason, Kamala?īla is seen in this commentary to endorse a range of seemingly contradictory positions vis-à-vis ākāra. This article argues that this situation can be explained by way of reference to Kamala?īla’s larger philosophical and soteriological program as a Mādhyamika thinker, a program not made explicit in the text yet nonetheless present in nascent form. That is, while various theories of awareness as endowed or not endowed with phenomenal content are useful in different rhetorical contexts as well as at different stages of philosophical analysis, at the end of the day such distinctions are moot since neither awareness nor its content is upheld as ultimately real. Instead, soteriologically efficacious phenomenal content is said to be like a “true dream” (satyasvapna), an illusion that satisfies only for as long as it remains unanalyzed.     

治理理论视角下的交通协管员探析

交通协管员作为一种对交通警察管理公共交通事务的辅助力量，在当前国内现实的车路矛盾、人路矛盾、人车矛盾凸显的情况下，有着积极的作用和意义。在公共管理理论中的治理理论视野下，尤其是在公共治理与多中心治理理论的角度探析交通协管员，把国内交通协管员的实践看作是一种公共治理理论和多中心治理理论的较为典型的实践形式，提出交通协管员发展的多元化发展，综合化发展，法治化发展和组织化发展的方向和趋势。     

作为超验性经验的诅咒(赌咒)与发誓

我们的一切知识都是从经验开始,但并不由此就都是从经验中发源。所以说,超验是那种超出经验界限的知识。诅咒(赌咒)、发誓是作为超验性经验存在的一种文化现象。所谓超验性经验是指并不为经验所证明但却又经验性地被确信无疑的一种现象。     

Optimization of a simple method for the chiral separation of methamphetamine and related compounds in clandestine tablets and urine samples by beta-cyclodextrine modified capillary electrophoresis: a complementary method to GC-MS

The chiral separation of (+/-)-methamphetamine, (+/-)-methcathinone, (+/-)-ephedrine and (+/-)-pseudoephedrine by means of beta-cyclodextrine modified capillary electrophoresis is described. The distribution of enantiomers in clandestine tablets and urine samples were identified. Several electrophoretic parameters such as the concentration of beta-cyclodextrin, temperature, the applied voltage and the amount of organic solvent required for successful separation were optimized. The method, as described herein, represents a good complementary method to GC-MS for use in forensic and clinical analysis.     

错案追究终身制的发展难题——制度缺陷、逆向刺激与实用主义重构

从错案追究终身制的历史发展来看,其在防治司法不公上的作用非常有限。作为司法机关内部的一种责任追究机制,它也表现出浓厚的行政化色彩和明显的制度缺陷。"错案"界定不明、纠责范围不确定以及职业风险终身性等问题的存在,导致法官采取各种方式来规避这种制度性缺陷,使得错案追究终身制在司法实践中产生了一种逆向刺激结果。为了纠正我国错案追究终身制的发展难题,司法机关应当以法律实用主义的理念重构该制度。     

红细胞EsD和PGM_1的同步电泳分型及其在上海地区的分布与频率

用 pH7.4的 Tris-马来酸缓冲系统和混合淀粉凝胶同步检测血液及血癌中 EsD 和 PGM_1的表型,获得良好的分型效果。EsD 和 PGM_1的图谱区带平直、狭窄、清晰。各种表型之间差异著,极易区分容易发现稀有表型。我们在上海地区居民中检查了390人的 EsD 表型和724人的 PGM_1表型,其分布与其基因频率详见附表。在检测尸体血及尸体血痕时,发现一例尸体血和一例尸体血痕的 PGM 1活性明显增强,前者尚显现了一条额外的同工酶区带。     

精斑中磷酸葡萄糖变位酶(PGM_1)及其亚型的电泳分型

本文用淀粉凝胶电泳法和 PAGIEF 对精斑 PGM_1普通型及亚型进行了检测。169份精液斑的 PGM_1分型结果是:PGM_1 1—1 87例;PGM_1 2—1 66例;PGM_1 2—2 16例,其中31例同一个体红细胞及精液 PGM_1分型的结果完全一致。研究了138例不同精子数精斑的 PGM_1型,发现精子数的多少对分型无影响。亚型检测结果与红细胞一样可分10型。     

诉讼外消费者债务清理制度研究简

近年我国消费信贷迅速发展，与之相配套的无力偿债纠纷解决制度却久未建立，导致消费者难以通过法律途径寻求救济。在法院内破产程序和诉讼外债务清理程序这两个层面的纠纷解决机制中，当事人于诉讼外程序中不止可行使实体处分权，且得行使程序处分权以达成偿还方案。自然人破产能力的缺失更使该程序成为我国当下解决消费者过度负债问题的不二选择。     

Centering Minoritized Students in Campus Interpersonal Violence Research

Journal of Family Violence - Campus interpersonal violence - defined as sexual assault, sexual harassment, intimate partner violence, and stalking - is a social problem that has received widespread...     

The determination of pyrazidol in blood and urine

Methods of pyrazidole isolation from blood and urine as well as of its identification and quantification are developed. These methods allow one to isolate 53-55% of pyrazidole from blood and 90-95%, from urine.     

免疫组织化学法检测HO-1在人挫伤脑组织中的表达

目的研究人脑挫伤后不同时间血红素加氧酶-1(heme oxygenase-1,HO-1)表达的变化,为法医学脑损伤时间的推断提供依据。方法选择24例因颅脑损伤死亡案例为损伤组,4例非颅脑损伤死亡的案例为对照组,应用免疫组织化学和图像分析技术,分别于脑损伤后存活时间3h、6～9h、12～24h、36h～3d、5～8d及17～20d检测脑组织标本中HO-1随时间的变化规律。结果经统计学分析,HO-1阳性细胞表达在伤后3h以内组开始升高,12～24h组表达强度最高,36h～3d组仍见高表达,以后逐渐下降。各组组间及与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 HO-1的表达可能成为实际检案中脑损伤时间推断的诊断指标。     

论出租车经营中的垄断问题

出租车经营中存在的垄断问题,包括：出租车公司与交通主管部门之间存在政企同盟、出租车公司滥用市场支配地位和形成垄断协议、自由资本对低效管制体制的冲击等。解决问题的路径除了现实主导的行政力量外,还可以有反垄断执法机构的执法、法院的反垄断司法。     

用PCR-SSP法分析中国辽宁汉族HLA-DRBI基因多态性

应用PCR－SSP方法对辽宁地区159名无关个体进行HLA－DRB1位点基因分型，检出8组等位基因（扩增片段大小为100bp），基因频率范围在0．02201～0．23899。36种可能基因型中检出33种。经x2检验符合Hardy－Weinberg平衡定律。本地区汉族群体的期望杂合度为85％，观察杂合度为83％。个人鉴别机率（DP）为0．94非父排除率（EPP）为66％。本法具有简单、快速、结果可靠的特点，不仅适用于法医学亲子鉴定和个人识别、移植配型，亦可用于相关疾病及人类遗传学研究。