法律信息发展的基本因素——以美国为例

本文以美国为例,说明要做好法律信息工作.发展法律信息事业注重以下的几个基本因素:(1)依法治国;(2)政府信息公开;(3)新闻出版自由;(4)学术自由;(5)出版和通讯技术等。需要营造一个法律信息良性循环和发展的环境。     

论习惯的法律规制——以吸烟习惯为例

习惯入法是习惯发展的一种路向,而有些习惯却受到法律的规制。从吸烟习惯的法律规制来看,吸烟有害健康的信息改变人们的认识,使法律规制吸烟习惯获得社会的认同。就法律规制习惯的效果而言,除了提高规制的技术之外,还应尊重习惯变化的规律,采取综合的治理措施,才能达到法律规制习惯的预期目标,使法律在日常生活中得到尊重和遵守,避免一种有法律而无秩序的状态。     

论知识经济与法律变革

一、知识经济的特征与法律变革自本世纪８０年代以来，信息和通讯产业勃兴，信息处理技术提高，通讯和计算机技术的“数字化”，国际联系的网络化，所有这一切已使知识的创造、储存、学习和使用方式产生了革命性的变化。信息技术和通讯技术革命大大降低了人们获取知识的成...     

论习惯的法律规制——以吸烟习惯为例

习惯入法是习惯发展的一种路向,而有些习惯却受到法律的规制.从吸烟习惯的法律规制来看,吸烟有害健康的信息改变人们的认识,使法律规制吸烟习惯获得社会的认同.就法律规制习惯的效果而言,除了提高规制的技术之外,还应尊重习惯变化的规律,采取练合的治理措施,才能达到法律规制习惯的预期目标,使法律在日常生活中得到尊重和遵守,避免一种有法律而无秩序的状态.     

监听性质辨析

辨明监听的性质才能给监听以准确的法律定位。监听严重侵犯公民的基本权益,是一 种强制处分,而监听本身又有许多独特的特点,因此不能把它混同于搜查扣押等强制措施。监听是技术 侦查手段的一种,已为一种约定俗成的用法,不宜随意改变,否则只能引起使用上的混乱。     

“检察”与“检查”

常常见到一些法律文书或通讯报导中将“检察”误写为“检查”。检查,是一普通用语,如“检查工作”、“检查思想”等等,而检察是一种法律用语,指人民检察院监督国家机关及其工作人员对宪法、法律的实施和审查被检举的犯罪事实,是由特定的机关依照法律进行的专门工作,是一种刑事诉讼活动,只能由人民检察院行使。因此说“检察”与“检查”二词,含意截然不     

有关网络“裸聊”的法律问题探析

裸聊是借助信息传播技术的不断升级优化而诞生的一种新型的网络行为现象,是对通过通讯软件即时传播一些语音、视频等淫秽信息现象的概称。随着网络影响的不断扩大化和裸聊现象的不断滋生蔓延,越来越多的社会各界人士开始关注这一现象。然而,我国没有关于裸聊问题的详细法律规定,甚至在法律上出现“盲点”,裸聊现象到底是属于法律问题抑或是道德问题,没有统一的认识。是否要对裸聊行为进行定罪处罚以及如何定罪,是涉及到国家公权力应用与人民私权利保护的深层次的问题,本文就此有关的问题展开探讨。     

论行政协议

与行政合同不同的是,行政协议本质上是一种对等性行政契约。它的缔结,主要是合作各方的事,中央政府无法越俎代庖。但行政协议法这一制度平台是地方政府无能为力的,只能由中央政府来构筑和提供。只有制定行政协议法,中央政府才能对地方政府的协作实现法律监控,地方政府间的合作也才能稳固和得到法律保障。     

短信作证：我把上司告倒了

1角钱发一条手机短信,这样廉价便捷的通讯方式给手机族带来了莫大的欢乐,但在使用手机短信的过程中,我们也碰到了大量的不健康信息。关于发黄色短信是否该受法律的制裁,手机短信是否可以作为诉讼证据的问题,法律上还没有明确规定。在湖北,一男性手机     

域名与商标的冲突及解决机制

域名又称网址,是一个主体通过计算机在因特网上登录的地址。域名设定的最初目的是为了识别主机,使人们在浩如烟海的网络世界中惟一地确认并访问所需的任何一台计算机。随着网络技术的发展,计算机的普及和电子商务的兴起,互联网已成为集通讯、贸易、商务等一系列功能于一身的巨大的信息资源库。而要充分有效地利用这个信息资源库,就必须首先拥有自己的域名。域名是企业在互联网上的识别标志。人们只有通过域名才能找到企业的主页和网站,也只有通过域名才能在网上分布或接收经营信息和各种广告,从事各种电子交易等贸易活动。因此,域名已不仅仅…     

Gazing into the Future through a VDU: Communications, Information Technology, and Law Teaching

The article deals with the interaction of computers, informationtechnology, and legal education. It considers the technical achievementsof communications and information technology (C&IT) in the practiceand teaching of law, then the jurisprudential paradigms which underliethese issues. To the extent to which law is conceived as a form ofinformation, existing assumptions about the theory, practice, andteaching of law are challenged. Where, on the other hand, law is regardedas a collection of rules, reversal to formalism, driven by C&IT, isidentified as a concern for socio-legal scholars. Other concerns addressedby this article include the exclusive economics of the C&IT revolution,the power dynamics of technophobia, and the interaction of computersand gender. The article concludes with suggestions for alternative visonsof the future of C&IT and legal education.     

Do C&IT Facilitate the Wrong Things?

There is a simple view of the role of C&IT (computers and information technology) in the legal academy that states, 'C&IT is just a tool. Use it or abuse it as you will. It has no ideology. It can no more be a bad thing than can a car or a chisel'. It is an additional resource on top of whatever we had before. I want to link that claim to a set of analogous claims about the relationship between law and science and law and mathematics, and subject them to scrutiny. I shall call these claims (that science, mathematics and computers are 'just' tools) collectively the 'neutrality claim'. So far as concerns computers, I shall suggest that C&IT in law has a tendency either towards reaction or towards reductionism in how we understand law in the academy. I will finish by considering an area in which computers have been relatively more successful-chess-and trying to work through the similarities and distinctions.     

IT and Law,and Law Schools

If 'computing and law' as a discipline is to push forward and develop, it will do so best within the context of the law school rather than as a joint enterprise between law and other disciplines. It is in the law school that the understanding of the nature of law is at its height. Yet there are problems here-law schools have a strained relationship with technology and their concept of the breadth of 'legal scholarship' can be limited by conventional (or ideologically-biased) views of law and an undergraduate-oriented view of the law school's purpose. There are also problems arising from the nature of communications between lawyers and computer scientists. In this article, I highlight these problems and also argue for a more developed and extended view of legal scholarship which will be able to incorporate study and research of the impact of the computer upon legal society as well as the legal control of the unwanted elements arising from these new technologies. Most writings on IT and the law school concentrate upon its use as an educational tool. My interest here is not so much in this side of things, but in the research culture of the law school. Whilst there is sometimes a view that the linkage of law school and IT is purely related to the use of technology in legal education, the remit is wider and includes the understanding of the link between substantive law and the context of the new computerized world and also the impact of the computer in the practice of law. This latter aspect is becoming increasingly important with the Woolf reforms and computerization of the procedural elements of law, but also in substantive law: for example, administrative systems are becoming more and more mediated by technology, and administrative law must be reviewed and re-worked in this context.     

公共性视野中中小学教师法律地位探讨

公共性是研究中小学教师法律地位的一个基本视角。在公共性视野中,中小学教师法律地位应该定位为国家公务员,这不仅有利于教育的发展,也有利于保障中小学教师的合法权益。从教育的公共性出发,把中小学教师的法律地位定位为国家公务员在现阶段应该采取必要的措施,并处理好一些问题。     

论民办高校的法人性质

我国现行法律既未明确概括民办高校的公法地位,对其私法地位的界定也与学说和制度不洽,致使民办高校的法人性质不明,对民办高校的发展多有不利。本法理论,民办高校应当既是一种民事法律主体,享有法人的经营权;同时也行使一定的教育行政管理职权,具有公法地位。倘若将民办高校的公法地位概括为依法律授权实施教学行政管理的教育机构,将其私法地位界定为社团法人、准公益法人,并特别地将其界定为民办学校法人,则上述问题将能得到相应的解决。     

Legal Hypocrisy

Accusations of hypocrisy in law and politics typically invoke hypocrisy as a personal failing. This locution misses the much more dangerous way laws and legal institutions themselves can be hypocritical. Hypocrisy can be equally revealed when an institution not only deceives another but acts against its avowed values or does not act in ways required by the values professed. Thus, legal actors, institutions, and norms can, in their institutional role, act against the values they avow, displaying legal hypocrisy. By avowing attractive values while acting in ways that undermine those values, laws and legal institutions victimize citizens to achieve goals that could not be openly justified. In doing so, hypocritical laws not only harm their victims but, by obscuring the injury, undermine the victim’s ability to call the law into account. Hypocrisy is important to highlight precisely because it suffocates the voice of its victims. Because hypocrisy takes advantage of a person while only pretending to justify one’s actions, hypocrisy not only harms citizens but treats them with a form of contempt. The vicious irony is that hypocrisy in the law not only harms its “direct victims” but ultimately undermines the very rule of law.     

Expert systems and the law

ABSTRACT

The project discussed here involved an online debating activity between intellectual property (IP) law students in Egypt and the UK, using a closed group on Facebook. The aim was to harness freely available online social media technology to create a space in which valuable discussions and learning could take place. We showed that Facebook can be a powerful educational tool to encourage active learning and usefully connect learners across continents. In enabling the exchange of views between students in different jurisdictions, Facebook provides exposure to different cultures and different perspectives as well as different legal cultures and different legal systems, while also, importantly, enabling participants to identify commonalities. This debate focused on IP law, which is of increasing international importance, and specifically on the topic of access to medicines, which is highly contentious. Through the activity, students learned that they need not only to learn the law, but also to appreciate the socio-cultural and political complexity underlying policy issues in different jurisdictions. On reflection, the Facebook debate definitely enhanced the study of IP law through an interesting and enjoyable international, intercultural activity, led by staff and students, which successfully extended the classroom experience.     

European Monetary Union: Legal Compliance Information Technology Systems. Apres 'le Weekend'

A number of articles have been written about IT law aspects of the euro, and there is the implication that there is something special about euro implementation from the IT law point of view. While there are particular issues arising with the rounding and conversion rules, the conclusion in this article is that, even though the euro is not 'just another currency', a euro IT project is just like most other complex IT projects … only more so. A euro IT project for a multinational in Europe could be as big as any which that company has yet handled, because it may well involve the introduction of entirely new financial and accounting systems. For that reason, customers should follow proper contractual and project procedures. Suppliers should be careful about what they include in their warranties and specifications and should avoid over-general or overgenerous warranties. In response, end-users must allow as much time as possible, make the effort to scope their requirements, to understand what they need, and to make sure that their contracts and schedules capture all those needs.     

法律思维能力在法律高等教育中的核心定位及培养——一个比较视角的研究

在法学本科教育上历来存在大陆法系模式与英美法系模式之争,但这一争议多半是局限于表面现象的结果。如果从培养法律思维能力角度考察,就会发现两种模式高度同一,都是以法律思维能力培养为核心的。所谓模式差异非但不构成争议之源,恰恰都是为满足法律思维能力培养需要而基于不同法律传统所做的不同选择。中国法学教育同样应以此为核心,结合中国的法律特点与现实需求,改进现有培养方案。     

析中国电子银行业务中未经授权交易的损失承担

Though China’s present multi-level legal rules have provided necessary guidelines to assumption of losses from unauthorized transactions in e-banking business, such problems as lack of cohesion among legal documents, unified processing of clients, lack of clear principles of imputation, and disconnection between legal provisions and practices have in fact constrained the in-depth development of e-banking business. Thus, correct philosophies shall be adhered to and carried out on the basis of dialectic criticism and meanwhile, the specific institutional designs shall be further improved. Li Siqi, Ph.D, is a professor of Law at Hunan University. Prof. Li, specializing in financial law, has released 60 research articles or so. He is of the view that the practicability of law has made it certain that study on law should stick to the society-to-society rule, though scholars relatively emphasize rule-styled legal research and holds that financial law is composed of public law and private law. Moreover, the financial sustainable economic development means that the tenet of financial law centers on safety, but not absolutely on profit; and the relation of financial and legal innovation should not be considered only in the framework of financial law. The propensity of interest pursuit of capital will not only unduly affect assessor’s judgment, but it should be under the legal freedom. Only being coupled with abstract theory of freedom doctrine, China’s financial legal innovation may be clear. Thus, the legal research should not only stick to conventional legal value, but extend to the financial safety.