肠出血性大肠杆菌VT1B亚单位的重组表达及其单克隆抗体的制备

为制备抗肠出血性大肠杆菌(EHEC)VT1B亚单位的单克隆抗体(McAb),以大肠杆菌EDL933的基因组DNA为模板扩增VT1B基因,纯化后经BamHⅠ和XhoⅠ酶切,连入表达载体pGEX-6P-1,构建重组表达质粒pGEX-VT1B,转化到大肠杆菌BL21中,经IPTG诱导,实现了融合蛋白的高效表达,表达量约占菌体总蛋白的27%。重组蛋白纯化后,免疫BALB/c小鼠制备单克隆抗体,获得3株融合细胞1G11、2H8、1B10,Western-blotting表明,此3株单抗能与VT1B蛋白特异性结合而与载体蛋白不反应。Ig亚类分别为IgG1、IgG2a和IgG2b,染色体数均大于100,腹水单抗ELISA抗体效价大于1∶256000,亲和常数分别为0.54×108M-1、0.95×108M-1、0.33×107M-1,间接ELISA叠加试验初步鉴定结果表明,这3株单抗针对的是同一抗原表位。此3株特异性单抗的获得为VT1毒素的检测奠定了基础。     

伪狂犬病病毒gB和gE蛋白单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

采用大肠杆菌表达系统表达获得了伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)超强毒株ZJ01的gB和gE重组蛋白,用其免疫BALB/c小鼠,通过细胞融合、克隆和间接ELISA筛选,获得了4株能稳定分泌抗PRV单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞,细胞培养上清的ELISA抗体效价在1∶1 600~1∶6 400之间,腹水抗体效价达1∶4×105;连续培养20代,抗体效价基本一致。抗gB单克隆抗体B1B6和B3D7属于IgG2b,抗gE单克隆抗体E1B11和E5C10属于IgG1,轻链均为κ型。Western-blot和IFA结果显示,4株单克隆抗体均能与PRV流行毒株ZJ01、HZ、SD、NJ、LA发生特异性反应,B1B6和B3D7还能与PRV gE基因缺失疫苗毒株Bartha-K61发生反应,但E1B11和E5C10不能与Bartha-K61发生反应。     

猪脑心肌炎病毒VP1蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

利用纯化的猪脑心肌炎病毒(EMCV)VP1重组蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,采用杂交瘤细胞技术,获得了2株稳定分泌抗EMCV VP1蛋白单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为10B和11D。经ELISA测定,2株杂交瘤细胞培养上清效价分别为1∶1 600和1∶800,接种小鼠的腹水效价分别为1∶2.56×106和1∶1.28×106。2株单抗的亚类均为IgG2a,均能特异性识别重组VP1蛋白,但它们识别VP1蛋白的不同表位。间接免疫荧光和免疫组织化学试验证实,2株单抗具有良好的特异性,均能够识别EMCV。     

鸭疫里默氏杆菌表面抗原D15截短蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

为制备抗鸭疫里默氏杆菌(RA)tD15蛋白的单克隆抗体并对其特性进行鉴定,应用纯化复性的重组tD15蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,取免疫小鼠脾细胞与SP2/0细胞融合,应用有限稀释法筛选出抗RA tD15重组蛋白的阳性杂交瘤细胞株;采用腹水诱生法制备单克隆抗体腹水,用饱和硫酸铵法纯化腹水抗体;采用间接ELISA筛选阳性杂交瘤细胞以及测定单克隆抗体的特性、效价及其相对亲和力。结果显示,获得2株抗RA tD15蛋白的阳性杂交瘤细胞株,遂被命名为4#、16#,2株细胞株经反复冻存复苏,体外传代仍能稳定分泌抗体;4#单克隆抗体属于IgG1,κ链;16#单克隆抗体属于IgG2b,κ链;4#杂交瘤细胞培养上清的效价为1∶3 200,腹水效价为1∶12 800,16#杂交瘤细胞培养上清的效价为1∶6 400,腹水效价为1∶204 800;2株单克隆抗体均能够识别大小约为34ku的蛋白,说明这2株单克隆抗体是特异性识别tD15蛋白的抗体;这2株单克隆抗体能够与鸭疫里默氏杆菌全菌裂解蛋白发生特异性反应,而不与其他鸭源的病原体发生反应;测得它们的亲和常数分别为1.52×109 L/mol和1.00×1010 L/mol。结果表明,这2株单克隆抗体可能识别两种不同的抗原表位。     

鸡IFN-γ单克隆抗体的制备及其识别区的鉴定

IFN-γ是鸡体内一种重要的细胞因子,为制备鸡IFN-γ的单克隆抗体,以ch IFN-γ-His融合蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,经3次免疫后分离出脾细胞与骨髓瘤细胞系(SP2/0)进行融合,经单克隆培养,筛选得到4株能稳定分泌单抗的杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为2A10、2B10、4D10和4F9。应用间接ELISA方法鉴定4株单抗的重链类型分别为IgG2a、IgG1、IgG1和IgG2b。通过间接ELISA方法测定4株单抗的亲和力解离常数(Kd)分别为1.06×10~(-10)、7.35×10`(-10)、1.10×10~(-10)和9.34×10~(-10),表明4株单抗均为高亲和力抗体。将ch IFN-γ的C端、N端同时进行表达,应用Western-blot方法鉴定4株单抗的抗原识别表位分别为chIFN-γ的47-100位氨基酸,101-145位氨基酸和1-46位氨基酸。应用Western-blot方法鉴定4株单抗的特异性,4株单抗均能识别原核表达的重组蛋白chIFN-γ,而不识别鸡ch IL-2、ch IL-4、ch IL-10蛋白,表明4株单抗特异性良好。原核表达chIFN-γ蛋白制备单克隆抗体效果良好,为进一步研究chIFN-γ的功能奠定了基础。     

羊口疮病毒B2L蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

为制备抗羊口疮病毒B2L蛋白的单克隆抗体,应用PCR扩增羊口疮病毒B2L基因并将其克隆到原核表达载体pET-30a进行表达。以纯化的融合蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,并利用淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术制备单克隆抗体。结果显示,获得了4株稳定分泌抗羊口疮病毒B2L蛋白的单克隆抗体细胞株,其抗体亚类均为IgG1。Western-blot鉴定结果和间接荧光抗体试验表明,4株单克隆抗体均能特异性识别羊口疮病毒。经鉴定,4株单克隆抗体细胞培养上清效价为1∶640~1∶1 280,腹水效价为1∶25×211~1∶25×212。染色体计数表明,4株杂交瘤细胞均是SP2/0细胞与脾细胞的杂交产物。结果表明,抗羊口疮病毒单克隆抗体的成功制备,为进一步研究羊口疮病毒的生物学特性及羊口疮快速诊断方法的建立奠定了基础。     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒N蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

以纯化的猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)重组N蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,按照常规方法融合、筛选,最终获得2株抗TGEV N蛋白的杂交瘤细胞系,分别命名为2G7和2C2。2株单抗亚类均为Ig G1,腹水的间接ELISA效价均为1∶108。2株杂交瘤细胞连续培养20代,各代次的上清效价保持不变,均为1∶12 800,说明2株细胞分泌抗体的能力稳定。通过间接免疫荧光发现,制备的2株单克隆抗体能与感染TGEV的细胞发生特异性反应,在胞浆和细胞膜上有亮绿色荧光。结果表明,所制备的2株TGEV N蛋白的特异性单克隆抗体细胞株遗传稳定,分泌的抗体敏感性高,为TGEV病原检测奠定了基础。     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒S蛋白D位点单克隆抗体的制备和鉴定

通过大肠杆菌表达了猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)S蛋白的D位点,并以D位点的六聚体作为抗原,免疫BALB/c小鼠,取免疫后小鼠脾细胞和骨髓瘤细胞SP2/0进行融合,经间接ELISA筛选和3次有限稀释法进行克隆。结果显示,得到3株能稳定分泌抗TGEV S蛋白D位点单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为2C104、5E1012和4B101,其中2C104和5E1012分泌抗体类型是IgM亚类,4B101为IgG1亚类。2C104、5E1012、4B101三株杂交瘤细胞培养上清液的间接ELISA抗体效价分别为1∶128、1∶128、1∶64,腹水效价分别为1∶103、1∶104、1∶4×103。间接免疫荧光鉴定结果表明,3株细胞均能和TGEV发生特异性反应,且在连续传代和冻存后仍能稳定分泌抗体。本研究针对S蛋白D位点制备了单克隆抗体,为传染性胃肠炎的诊断和TGEV与宿主互作机制的研究奠定了基础。     

牛IFN-γ单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

为进一步研究牛IFN-γ(BoIFN-γ)单克隆抗体在牛免疫学以及牛疫病诊断中的应用,用原核表达的重组牛IFN-γ(rHis-BoIFN-γ)免疫6周龄雌性BALB/c小鼠,免疫3次后取其脾细胞和骨髓瘤细胞SP2/0进行融合。用建立的间接ELISA方法筛选阳性杂交瘤细胞,经3～5次亚克隆,最终获得12株能稳定分泌抗体的阳性杂交瘤细胞株。Ig亚类鉴定结果显示这12株杂交瘤细胞均为IgG,其中5株为IgG1,3株为IgG2a,4株为IgG2b。这12株杂交瘤细胞在体外具有稳定分泌抗牛IFN-γ单克隆抗体的能力。Western-blot及间接ELISA证明这12株单克隆抗体均可特异性地结合rBoIFN-γ蛋白。间接免疫荧光试验显示,这12株单抗均与真核细胞BHK-21表达的rBoIFN-γ产生荧光反应,证明这些单抗能够与接近天然的BoIFN-γ反应,证实了单抗的特异性。ELISA叠加试验表明,3C2与1H4、1G6与1G4针对不同表位,1A10、1B2、2B9、3C4四株和1C1与1G6、1G4与3C2、1A10与1G8针对相同或相近的表位。     

猪圆环病毒2型Cap蛋白单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

利用重组杆状病毒表达的猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)Cap蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,通过杂交瘤技术,共获得6株能稳定分泌抗Cap蛋白抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为3H9/1H5、3H9/3C7、4A9/3E2、4A9/3D7、6G7/7B6和6G7/8D3,并通过ELISA、Western-blotting和间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)对6株单抗的特性和抗原表位进行分析鉴定。结果显示,6株杂交瘤细胞培养上清的抗体效价为1∶1 024～1∶2 048,腹水效价为1∶163 840～1∶204 800。3H9/1H5、3H9/3C7、6G7/7B6和6G7/8D3的亚型为IgG1型,4A9/3E2和4A9/3D7为IgG2b型,所有单抗的轻链均为κ型。Western-blotting和IFA结果表明6株单抗均能与重组Cap蛋白和PCV2产生特异性反应。相加ELISA结果显示,6株单抗可能识别不同的抗原表位。为准确鉴别不同单抗针对的抗原位点,以截短表达的重组Cap蛋白为抗原,进行Western-blot鉴定。结果显示,4A9/3E2与4A9/3D7的抗原表位位于101～150aa,其余4株单抗可能针对1～50aa或者天然...     

The Development of EU-Russian Relations

The EU＇s strategy for Russia since the end of the cold war has to a large extent failed, and the direct consequences are the currently deadlocked EU-Russia relationship. There are three reasons for this： the EU and Russia＇s respective strength and status relative to each other have been changing since the beginning of this century; the EU＇s strategy towards Russia has been more fragmenting in recently years; and the American factor. The EU-Russia relations could continue to be in poor shape in the years to come, and it is very likely sometimes even further worsening. But the two sides would refrain from extreme measures and prevent their relations from sliding into real cold war.     

Young American China Watchers＇ Views on China

In this paper, the author has made a thorough study over the new generation of American China Watchers. Most of the pages are devoted to a detailed comparison between the old generation and the young generation of American China Watchers regarding to their background, education, and views over China. At the end of the paper, the author also gives some policy suggestions for both the Chinese and U.S. government based on the findings in this study.     

The Balance Between Coercion and Accommodation

1. Introduction
On the morning of April 1st, 2001, a U.S. EP-3 surveillance aircraft was conducting an intelligence flight along the Chinese territorial border in the airspace south-east of China＇s Hainan Island. Two Chinese fighter jets intercepted the spy plane and followed its flight, as is considered ordinary international practice. For reasons unknown, the EP-3 airplane made a sudden maneuver and crashed into one of the Chinese planes. The Chinese plane dropped into the sea, the pilot missing. The U.S. spy plane was also severely damaged. It intruded into Chinese territorial space and landed on Hainan Island without official permission from the Chinese side. After landing, the spy plane and 24 crew on board were detained by the Chinese authorities. This air collision episode was the first of its kind in the China-U.S. relations and an urgent diplomatic crisis ensued.     

中国需要构建怎样的周边(英文)

正The new central leadership has highlighted the strategic importance of better relations with neighboring countries and the construction of a solid foundation for China’s neighborhood strategy so as to create favorable conditions for Chinese development.1China is strengthening top-level strategy in foreign relations,focusing on global-level relations and staying committed to relations     

Learning from Others and Starting Built-to-last Companies

正Ruicheng Group was founded in Qiqihar,a city located in one of the three major ‘Chernozem belts’ in the world,the fertile Songnen Plain,and one known as the ‘home of red-crowned cranes’ Over the years,our business developed from being only one supermarket in the beginning to a corporate group operating in multiple sectors,from supermarket chain and real estate to property management and preschool education.     

中巴关系的发展及其认识误区（英文）

China and Brazil established a strategic partnership in 1993. The bilateral ties have seen rapid development in almost all areas. However, there are eight myths surrounding the China-Brazil relations. These myths are the result of a lack of mutual understanding as well as the misconceptions result misconceptions of the western observers and media. These misunderstandings have of have jeopardized images of the China-Brazil relations and also hindered further development of their bilateral relationship.     

中国的“主场外交”:机遇、挑战与任务（英文）

The successful hosting of the CICA summit has drawn great attention The attention to China's "host diplomacy". Analyzing new features of China's "host to "host diplomacy" during this new period, this paper will look at the opportunities and challenges facing China's "host diplomacy" and discuss the problems that China should address in order to do a better job in this regard and bring its "host diplomatic advantages" into full play.     

亚洲整体性崛起及其效应(英文)

Since the beginning of the 21st century, the overall rise of the Asian geographic plate has been particularly prominently. The overall rise of Asia reflects the improvement of a large number of developing countries in Asia. The long-occupied aggressive status of the United States and Europe is weakening, and the overall rise of Asia appears more highlighted, and its impact upon the world seems more intense.     

CAFIU Convenes the 11~(th) Council Meeting in Beijing

正On the morning of April 2,2014,CAFIU held the 11th Executive Council Meeting in Beijing.Present at the Meeting were Member of the Politburo of the 17th CPC Central Committee and Vice-Chairman of the 11th CPPCC National Committee Mr.Wang Gang,ViceChairman of the 11th NPC Standing Committee and President of CAFIU Mr.Zhou Tienong,ViceChairpersons of the NPC Standing Committee Mme     

Speech by Honorary President Zhou Tienong at the 11~(th) Executive Council Meeting of CAFIU (Excerpt)

正I am very pleased to attend the 11th Executive Council Meeting of CAFIU,and would like to express my hearty congratulations to President Yan Junqi,the new leadership and the newly-elected Executive Council.I also want to express my sincere thanks for choosing me to be the Honorary President of CAFIU!