宏观调控立法特点及其新发展

宏观调控法是经济法体系三个基本构成之一。其在立法上具有立法内容上的多样性和变动性 ,授权立法和多级立法较多 ,执法主体自由裁量权较大 ,大量采用提倡性、任意性规范等特点。随着我国日益融入国际市场经济 ,社会化、民主化和国际化特征也逐步成为其核心之一。在立法中要对宏观调控权的行使程序作出明确规定 ,建立公开制度、咨询制度、听证制度、协商制度 ,逐步改变对管理者的法律义务、法律控制甚为薄弱的局面 ,将包括宏观调控法在内的经济法构建为一种控权(力)法和维权法(利)法。     

关于宏观调控法的两点思考

宏观调控作为现代国家的一项重要职能,其核心问题是宏观调控权的配置和行使,作为规制这两个问题的宏观调控法也成为当代各国经济法的核心。本文仅就宏观调控权的性质和宏观调控的法律程序谈两点思考。     

宏观调控行为的不可诉性再探

宏观调控行为的不可诉性是指宏观调控行为即宏观调控决策不具有可审查性。法院既不能撤销、变更或废止宏观调控行为,也不能判决宏观调控机关对宏观调控决策给受控主体造成的损害承担赔偿责任。承认宏观调控行为的不可诉性实质上是在承认"司法失灵"前提下的一种"司法克制主义"。宏观调控行为的不可诉性要求发展经济法的追责模式,建立宏观调控复议制度、政治责任制度和"经济法上的国家赔偿"制度。此外,宏观调控决策的程序还需优化,以更多的"法定"、更多的透明、更多的参与、更多的回应、更多的问责来制约和规范宏观调控权。     

经济全球化、加入WTO与中国宏观调控法的任务

经济全球化、加入WTO使中国的宏观调控法面临新的任务.首先,宏观调控立法要有透明度;其次,政府在行使宏观调控权时要有新思路;最后,宏观调控具体法律制度需要完善.     

论经济法的共识

目前,中国经济法学界取得了以下共识:经济法是市场经济之法、经济法是调整市场监管(规制)关系和宏观调控关系的法律规范的总称、经济法体系由市场监管(规制)法和宏观调控法构成、经济法是社会本位之法、经济法是确认和规范国家干预之法、经济法是现代性之法、经济法是一个独立存在的法律部门.这些共识是经济法发展和完善的基础.     

宏观调控行为的法律责任探析

宏观调控行为是一种新型的政府行为,其法律责任归属于经济法责任,在经济法理论研究和制度建设中占有十分重要的地位。本文以我国宏观调控行为法律责任的立法现状与责任特点为立足点,在阐释其归责原则与构成要件的基础上,提出如何实现宏观调控行为法律责任的几点建议,以期促进我国宏观调控行为法律责任的理论研究和制度建设。     

我国转型期的宏观调控失范行为

我国转型期宏观调控活动中存在着一种宏观调控失范行为。其产生的主要原因是,转型期宏观调控法律制度体系中,某些法律供给缺失、控权不能、控权不足。我国应转变政策调控的习惯思维、职权主义的立法模式、粗放主义的立法策略,并完善有关保障社会主体基本经济权利的立法,通过法律制度的变革,对这种特殊的宏观调控行为予以有效规制。     

论宏观调控权的性质

宏观调控权作为宏观调控法学的核心范畴，对其性质的理解关乎整个理论体系的架构。基于当下房地产市场宏观调控行为的实证研究，宏观调控权在性质上属于立法权，而宏观经济政策的动态一致性理论赋予了宏观调控权特有的制度功能，从而使宏观调控权有可能成为经济法学上特有的基本范畴之一。     

经济全球化、加入WT0与中国宏观调控法的任务

经济全球化、加入WT0使中国的宏观调控法面临新的任务。首先，宏观调控立法要有透明度；其次，政府在行使宏观调控权时要有新思路；最后，宏观调控具体法律制度需要完善。     

宏观调控权与行政权的比较分析

宏观调控权是经济法中的一项特有的权力,也是市场经济条件下一种新型的经济权力。它与行政法中的行政权力在主体方面、职能运作方面等都具有一些相似性,加上我国长期的观念约束及现实中行政权的范围非常广泛,有相当一部分人认为宏观调控权实质就是行政权,或是对两者的区别和差异性很模糊。因此,分清宏观调控权与行政权的不同之处,对于明确经济法的地位,促进两项权力的有效实施,具有非常重要的意义。     

流浪乞讨与管制--从贫困救助看中央与地方权限的界定

随着《收容遣送办法》的废止,个人自由权利与社会治安秩序之间的现实冲突比过去更为突显。应转变中央和地方关系的传统思维,在允许地方更多自主权和选择权的同时,更充分地保障公民个人的宪法基本权利。无论是中央和地方关系的法律界定,还是公民权利的宪法保障,都要求建立独立的司法机构以审查地方立法的有效性。     

Implementing and evaluating crime prevention and control programs and policies

The history of crime prevention and control efforts in the United States has demonstrated little progressive improvement in our ability to deter crime. The major obstacles to implementing effective interventions and policies have been a weak scientific knowledge base about how to prevent crime, the research community's inability to effectively disseminate what is known about the causes of crime and to translate this knowledge into operational programs and policies, and a resistance on the part of practitioners and policy makers to evaluate programs and policies and to use this information in the development of new programs and policies. In the last decade, there have been major advances in our understanding about the causes of crime and we have now demonstrated the effectiveness of selected prevention programs. But there is little evidence that this scientific knowledge is informing current practice or policy. Problems in the dissemination of this information and the resistance to utilizing it remain. These problems are discussed and suggestions are made for addressing them. Our knowledge base remains modest, but it is now sufficient to inform policy and practice. The research community must work to do a better job of disseminating this information and overcoming the resistance to utilizing it before we will be successful in implementing effective crime prevention programs and policies. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Accommodation and Satisfaction: Women and Men Lawyers and the Balance of Work and Family

This study of graduates of the University of Michigan Law School from the late 1970s reports on the differing ways that women and men have responded to the conflicting claims of work and family. It finds that women with children who have entered the profession have indeed continued to bear the principal responsibilities for the care of children, but it also finds that these women, with all their burdens, are more satisfied with their careers and with the balance of their family and professional lives than other women and than men.     

International aid,trade and investment and access and allocation

International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics - The access to goods and their allocation (who gets what, when, where and how) is one of the analytical problems of the 2009...     

Truth and Justice, Inquiry and Advocacy, Science and Law

Abstract. There is tension between the adversarialism of the U.S. legal culture and the investigative procedures of the sciences, and between the law's concern for finality and the open‐ended fallibilism of science. A long history of attempts to domesticate scientific testimony by legal rules of admissibility has left federal judges with broad screening responsibilities; recent adaptations of adversarialism in the form of court‐appointed experts have been criticized as “inquisitorial,” even “undemocratic.” In exploring their benefits and disadvantages, it would make sense to look to the experience of other legal systems.     

真相与正义，探究与辩护，科学与法律

在美国法律文化塑造下的对抗制诉讼制度和科学的调查程序之间存在着紧张关系（tension），在法律所关注的裁决终局性（finality）和科学所追求的持续性纠错（oven—minded fallibilism）之间存在着紧张关系。长期以来，法律界都试图通过可采性法律规则归化科学证言，结果导致联邦法官担负起广泛的审查职责；近期，法庭指定专家的制度实践导致对抗制度做出某些修正，这种制度实践已经被批评为“带有纠问色彩”（inquisitorial），甚至“违背了民主的要求”（undemocratic）。在分析这些制度利弊的过程中，我们有必要考察其他法律系统的经验教训。     

油气储运防火安全分析及预防措施

本文主要从设备故障与维护、防静电、动火作业、执行操作规程等几个方面引起的爆炸和火灾进行分析,制定对应的防护措施。提出了以做好设备维护保养、防静电处理、做好防火设计及安全装置、落实动火作业措施及强化安全培训等方面进行综合防控,消除油气储运过程中引起的爆炸和火灾,以实现安全生产。