外伤后视网膜脱离损伤参与度的法医学分析

目的　探讨外伤后不同类型视网膜脱离的损伤参与度。方法　对２３ 例我室检验的眼外伤后发生视网膜脱离的法医学鉴定案例进行回顾性分析。结果　穿通伤占２６ ％ , 钝挫伤占７０ ％ （ 其中钝挫破裂伤占２５ ％ , 单纯钝挫伤占７５ ％ ） , 无明确外伤史占４ ％ 。单纯钝挫伤后发生视网膜脱离眼均有不同程度的屈光不正, 其中－ ６－００ＤＳ以上的高度近视眼占５８ ％ 。外伤后视网膜脱离损伤参与度的评定为：眼球穿通伤（ 主要是眼球后段的穿通伤） 及钝挫破裂伤后发生视网膜脱离, 其损伤参与度为１００ ％ ; 锯齿缘离断的损伤参与度为７５ ％ ; 伤病共存的损伤参与度为２５ ％ ～５０ ％ ; 原有眼底视网膜、玻璃体变性,外伤为辅助或诱发因素时, 损伤参与度为１２－５ ％ ～２５％ ; 眼部无明确外伤史者损伤参与度为０ ％ 。结论　外伤后视网膜脱离的发生与高度近视眼视网膜、玻璃体发生退行性改变有关。损伤参与度的评定有助于损伤事件的性质分析和损害赔偿范围的确定     

外伤后视网膜脱离损伤参与度的法医学分析

目的 探讨外伤后不同类型视网膜脱离的损伤参与度。方法 对２３例我室检验的眼外伤后发生视网膜脱离的法医学鉴定案例进行回顾性分析结果 穿通伤占２６％,钝挫伤占７０％（其中钝挫破裂伤占２５％,单纯钝挫伤７５％）,无明确外伤吏占４％。单纯钝挫伤后发生视网膜离眼均有不匠屈光不正,其中＝６．００ＤＳ以上的高度近视眼占５８％,外伤后视网膜脱离损伤参与度的评定为：眼球穿通伤（主要是眼球后段的穿通伤）及钝挫破裂伤后     

眼球钝挫伤后视网膜脱离的司法鉴定

目的分析眼球钝挫伤后视网膜脱离在法医临床学眼损伤及伤残鉴定中的致伤原因及因果关系。方法研究112例眼球钝挫伤后视网膜脱离案例,对其中视网膜裂孔类型、外伤至视网膜脱离时间、合并其他损伤或疾病进行分析。结果本组案例锯齿缘离断4.28%,黄斑裂孔12.50%,其他部位的裂孔(<90°)56.25%,巨大裂孔(>90°)5.00%,未发现裂孔的增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变(PVR)性视网膜脱离11.6%,其中45眼有不同程度的PVR。外伤至视网膜脱离的时间以1周～2个月为常见(61.60%)。合并中高度近视者83.93%,合并玻璃体混浊者52.68%。外伤与视网膜脱离存在直接因果关系者41.07%,存在间接因果关系者52.68%,外伤与视网膜脱离难以联系者6.25%。结论视网膜脱离与多种危险因素有关,外伤与视网膜脱离之间因果关系的分析是法医学眼损伤及伤残鉴定的重要内容。     

五例与外伤有关的视网膜脱离的法医临床学鉴定

在法医临床学鉴定中常常碰到由于眼外伤所引起的视网膜脱离。轻者视力下降，视野缺损，重者可致失明。明显的眼外伤引起的视网膜脱脑容易判断，但轻微的却不易判断。法医临床学上如何确定视网膜脱离是外伤引起的，这在处理刑事民事纠纷中具有一定法律意义，现就我们碰到的五例报告并分析如下。案例资料例1刘某，男，22岁。1994年5月5日被他人用木棒击伤右眼，视朦。检查见右眼睑肿胀，皮下出血，右眼眉弓上线有0．5cm皮肤裂创，并有血液渗出。1个月后右眼视力明显下降（指数／1m），左眼正常。右眼前房轴5CT，房角后退，瞳孔6×6mm（药物性…     

眼外伤评分法在机械性眼损伤中的法医学应用

目的探讨眼外伤评分(ocular trauma score,OTS)在机械性眼损伤视力预后评估中的应用价值。方法对411例机械性眼外伤(449眼,其中闭合性眼损伤317眼,开放性眼损伤132眼)进行OTS(以就诊初视力分级、眼球破裂伤、眼内炎、贯通伤或穿通伤、视网膜脱离、相对传入性瞳孔阻滞为评估指标),比较本组资料实际终视力比例与OTS标准终视力概率的差异,分析OTS分级与终视力之间的相关性,并对眼损伤的不同类型进行比较分析。结果实际终视力比例与OTS标准终视力概率分布相比,除OTS-3级有所差异外,其余各级均无明显差异。实际终视力与OTS分级、OTS总积分均呈线性相关(r值分别为0.71、0.73)。开放性眼损伤往往较闭合性眼损伤评分低、预后差,其中眼球破裂伤较眼球穿通伤预后更差。结论对眼外伤伤情进行OTS,可为法医学视力评估提供较为可靠的预测信息。     

85例眼外伤法医学鉴定分析

眼外伤是导致视力障碍主要因素之一。在眼外伤及视功能的法医学鉴定中，国内主要涉及轻、重伤评定，确定损伤、眼疾与视功能障碍之间的因果关系，以及诈盲和功能性视力障碍的鉴别。本文对所鉴定的85例眼外伤进行了统计分析，并对鉴定中涉及的有关问题进行探讨。一般资料1．性别：85例眼外伤中，男性63例，占74．12％；女性22例，占25．88％；男女比例为4：1。2年龄：年龄分布范围5～71岁，平均年龄32岁。其中5～9岁5例；10～19岁10例；20～29岁19例；30～39岁16例；40～49岁25例；50岁以上10例。3．职业：农民、工人占多数，其中农民34例，…     

视力损害的法医临床学鉴定难点分析

由于眼球的位置暴露,结构极为精细脆弱,为此眼外伤很常见.在法医临床学鉴定实际检案中,眼损伤占有相当大的比例.笔者就法医临床学中遇到的视力损害鉴定难点进行分析讨论. 1眼外伤特点 (1)伤者多为男性,青少年或壮年,多为一眼外伤,或一侧较重;(2)眼球钝挫伤、眼球穿通伤、球内异物、酸或碱化学伤等常见,严重的可以造成眼球屈光间质的混浊或视网膜或视神经的损伤,引起视力丧失;(3)眼的单一损伤较少,往往造成多种组织或结构的损伤;(4)伤后并发症多见,如创伤后眼内炎症、感染、眼内增殖性病变,可继续威胁视功能和结构的恢复;(5)一侧眼伤后对侧健眼可发生交感性眼炎.     

眼眶骨折CT检查71例法医学鉴定分析

对我院１９８７年到１９９７年１０年期间鉴定过的各种眼外伤１９６例,分为两组进行比较分析,认为眼外伤后行必要的ＣＴ检查对眼眶骨折的法医学鉴定意义重大,ＣＴ检查是显示眼眶骨质细微改变的最好方法。资　　料１－分组　本文眼外伤１９６例,其中眼眶骨折７１例,按时间顺序分为两组：前５年与后５年。其中前５年组眼外伤６４例,眼眶骨折７例,眼眶骨折占同期眼外伤１０－９％;后５年组眼外伤１３２例,眼眶骨折６４例,眼眶骨折占同期眼外伤的４８－５％,Ｐ＜０－０５。２－眼眶骨折的类型及诊断　本文根据巴奇等的分类方法,７１…     

拳击伤后糖尿病视网膜脱离鉴定1例

在法医学鉴定中 ,与外伤有关的视网膜脱离的案例并不少见 ,但如何正确评定视网膜脱离与外伤的关系非常重要。作者报告一典型案例 ,并就此对与法医学鉴定相关的问题予以分析讨论。案例资料某男 ,2 3岁 ,农民。 1 998年 4月 1 1日因修路与人发生纠纷 ,被人用拳头击伤双眼。伤后左眼肿痛 ,视物不清 ,右眼视力骤降。被家人急送县医院眼科治疗。入院时查 :发育差。视力 :右眼前手动 ,左 0 4。右外眼 ( -) ,角膜透明 ,瞳孔对光反射迟钝 ,滴托品酰胺瞳孔不能充分扩大 ,晶体透明 ,玻璃体混浊 ,眼底见视盘模糊 ,颞侧及颞下视网膜呈青灰色隆起 ,其网…     

眼部拳击伤158例分析

伤害已成为一个普遍的社会问题[1],因伤害造成的眼外伤中钝器尤其是拳击导致的眼外伤占很大比重[2,3]。眼球结构精细、组织脆嫩,因此很容易受到损伤。当眼球遭受外力作用时,眼前节首当其冲地承受直接和间接外力作用,眼后节则主要承受间接外力作用[4]。我们对1990～1999年间本院法医临床专业鉴定的369例具有伤害性质暴力性眼外伤进行研究,发现其中有158例是拳击导致的,运用SPSS9.0详细分析这158例眼部拳击伤案例如下。1一般情况1.1年龄与性别158例眼部拳击伤受害者年龄分布,其中16岁以下6例占3.8%,16～40岁95例占60.1%,41～50岁33例占20.9%…     

Reformation,Regulation and the Image: Sumptuary Legislation and the Subject of Law

This article considers the development of the individual subject of law and his constitutional status in the early modern English State, within the context of sumptuary legislation enacted by the Crown and the Inns of Court. During the sixteenth century, the legal community took upon itself the role of exemplifying the correct use of symbols and of elucidating the purpose of sumptuary law. The image of the lawyer was manipulated to represent the inherent divinity of common law. The reformation of the image was inevitably influenced by the doctrinal concepts of the European Reformation and is a graphic indication of the centrality of Anglicanism to the development of early modern common law. I discuss these developments with reference to theories of the image proposed by Goodrich, Legendre and Marin. I refer also to Carlyle's satirical treatise on the symbolism of clothes,Sartor Resartus. The constitution of clothes represents the idea of citizenship and the centrality of reason to the body-politic. The rediscovery of classical texts during the Renaissance was instrumental in shaping a constitution in which an embryonic social contract was apparent, as represented in the sumptuary legislation of the Inns of Court. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

我国商事仲裁中的瑕疵仲裁协议探析

在商事仲裁中,出现有瑕疵的仲裁协议是不可避免的,特别是对仲裁机构约定不明确的情况时有发生,这是一个值得认真探讨的问题。从大多数国家的规定来看,只要使当事人通过仲裁解决他们之间的争议的最初目的得以实现,在仲裁协议或合同的仲裁条款中存在不完善或瑕疵是可以允许的。对这一问题的妥善处理应充分体现当事人意思自治原则。特别是在瑕疵仲裁协议的效力认定上,不能轻易否认其效力,尤其不能将未选定明确的仲裁机构作为认定瑕疵仲裁协议无效的条件,对此,我国《仲裁法》应作修改和完善。     

Best practices for structuring a family court parenting plan evaluation under the 2022 AFCC Guidelines

Evaluation appointment orders provide enforceable scaffolding for conduct of family court parenting plan evaluations, and use of the evaluator's reports, feedback, file, and testimony. Unlike a contract, a stipulated or adjudicated appointment order is directly enforceable by the family court. It unambiguously positions the evaluator as the family court's appointee – answerable directly to the court and, in some jurisdictions, protected by quasi-judicial immunity from damages claims. A well-crafted appointment order governs the roles and expectations of the court, the evaluator, the parties, the lawyers, and the collateral witnesses. An appointment order mandates the legal duties, rights, powers, and responsibilities of the professionals, the parties, and the collateral witnesses. At minimum, an appointment order articulates the legal basis for the appointment, the purpose and scope of the evaluation, compensation of evaluator, and the duty of the parties to participate in the process. A written evaluation protocol or procedures statement discloses in advance the methods of investigation and assessment that the evaluator intends to use. Together, the appointment order and written protocol help the evaluator, lawyers, parents, and judge manage the complexity of the evaluation process.     

The Creation and Transformation of Regional Parliamentary Assemblies: Lessons from the Pan-African Parliament

This article analyses the genesis and recent evolution of the Pan-African Parliament (PAP), one of the key institutions of African integration. Based on theories relating to the European Parliament, it argues that the dynamics surrounding the establishment of the PAP result from a blend of internal and external factors. On the one hand, the decision to create a PAP can be traced back to the problems of the Organisation of African Unity and to the will of African leaders to revive Pan-Africanism. On the other hand, the establishment and design of the PAP are partially inspired by international precedents such as the European Parliament. Over and above this observation, which is informed by the theory of mimetic institutionalism, the existence of regular interactions between Europe and Africa and, more generally, the outward activities of the PAP, would seem propitious to the self-assertion of this institution. Ultimately, the objective of the article is to lay the ground for a more ambitious theory of regional parliamentary assemblies.     

Pattern and Trend of Deliberate Self-Harm in Western Nepal

Abstract:  Acts of deliberate self-harm (DSH) not only affect the people directly involved, but also have grave psychological and social impact on the family and community. In the present study, a cohort of 173 cases of DSH reported from April 2002 to March 2005 was retrospectively analyzed, by perusing the medicolegal register maintained by the Emergency Department at the Western Regional Hospital, Pokhara in the Western Development Region of Nepal. The data were entered and analyzed using SPSS Version 10.1. More than two-thirds of total cases were females. About 60% of cases were observed in the age group of 15–24 years. Poisoning (89.6%) was the most preferred method of deliberate self-harm. Organophosphate pesticides were consumed in nearly two-thirds of the poisoning cases. The majority of cases were reported during the months of May to July and had occurred during the last quarter of the day. More than a twofold increase was observed in the frequency of cases during the 3-year study period. The said observations were compared and contrasted with the available literature across the globe. The presentation is concluded by highlighting the limitations encountered in Nepal and the scope to overcome the same.     

From Criminal Law to Legal Theory: The Mysterious Case of the Reasonable Glue Sniffer

The modern idea of criminal justice is organised around a series of antinomies which include the formal and the substantive, the universal and the particular, the individual and the social. This paper examines the place of these antinomies in four different but connected settings: the plight of the humane judge, the classical enlightenment theory of retributive punishment, the judgment of provoked killing, and the critique of orthodox subjectivism in the Anglo–American law. The play of the universal and the particular and the formal and substantive within law reflects and embodies the underlying antinomy of the individual and the social – even where it does not mention it.
The qualitative moment is preserved in all quantification, as the substrate of that which is to be quantified.     

At the Court of the Strange God

This article revisits the decision of the Australian High Court in Mabo (No. 2)for the purpose of determining what, in the legal thought displayed in the judgments, makes the category of sovereignty exclusive of the sovereignty of aboriginal peoples. Having regard to the téchnē of legal thought, it locates this exclusion in the substitution of nation for property relations of class, sex and race and, more specifically to sovereignty as a category of a still colonial law, in denial of the partiality of the standpoint of legal thought. This article proposes the need in Australia to attend to, thoughtfully, a fantastic and reconciliatory moment in the idea of sovereignty. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

电子政务的价值取向：以民为本

我国的电子政务正在建立和发展阶段,确定什么样的价值取向影响着我国电子政务的发展方向。在电子政务所追求的监管和服务这两个目标上,监管也是为了服务,以民为本的服务导向型电子政务才是我国电子政务发展的方向。当前,我国电子政务在价值取向上存在一定的偏差,迫切需要重新定位。以民为本是我国电子政务价值取向的核心,主要包括服务性、高效性、公开性、全面性、协调性、安全性等价值目标。     

规制董事利益冲突交易的披露原则

董事利益冲突的交易 ,在普通法国家属于董事忠实义务规制的范畴。自我交易作为利益冲突交易的主要方式 ,一直受到大陆法和普通法系国家的关注 ,虽然两大法系采取了不同的规制方式 ,但使利害冲突交易朝着有利于公司和股东的方向发展则具有共同性。英美法国家根据本国的法律传统采取了披露和公平规则作为规制自我交易的法律方法 ,虽然该方式也有缺点 ,但在目前仍然是一种主要的方法。本文主要探讨了披露规则的优点与存在的问题 ,并对我国所应采取的方式 ,提出了自己的建议。     

Godparenthood: driving local solidarity in Northern France in the Early Modern Era. The example of Aubervilliers families in the sixteenth–eighteenth centuries

This article studies the choice of godparents in Aubervilliers, a French catholic rural parish near Paris, during the Early Modern Era. At the turn of the sixteenth century, godparenthood essentially served to extend social ties. Vertical godparenthood was quite visible, at least with regards to ‘elite’ local residents. The shift toward kin godparenthood happened over the long term, with a clear acceleration in the second half of the eighteenth century. A second evolution was the result of the Council of Trent. In the north of France, shifts from the ternary model of godparenthood to the godmother/godfather system at the beginning of the seventeenth century increased the proportion of elites amongst the godparents selected. This would indicate a strengthening of the clientele model of godparenthood in the seventeenth century, as suggested by Alfani's works on Italy. Finally, godparenthood was gender-sensitive. In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, godmothers from the maternal side were greater in number than those from the paternal side, while godfathers from the paternal side were greater in number that those from the maternal side. Above all, the sex of the christened child took on a decisive dimension at the time when choices became more family-focused in the eighteenth century. This new consideration of the child's gender would seem to indicate a shift in the concept of the tie created at the time of the baptism. The intergenerational link between godchildren and godparents would take on new significance, in contrast to the relationship between parents and godparents that proved so crucial at the beginning of the Early Modern Era.