急性心肌缺血再灌注时Bax的免疫组织化学研究

目的　为心肌缺血 /再灌注损伤所致心性猝死的法医学诊断提供形态学依据 ,方法运用免疫组织化学方法 ,研究Bax蛋白在心肌组织中不同区域的表达。　结果　对照组正常心肌组织无Bax蛋白表达。Bax蛋白再灌注 0 .5h后即可在缺血区域表达 ,且表达主要在心肌内层。再灌注 1h后可观察到Bax蛋白不仅表达于心肌内层且已经扩展至心肌的全层。再灌注 2h发现心肌外层表达明显强于心肌内层 ,随着再灌注时间的延长可以发现Bax蛋白的表达逐渐减弱。　结论　在急性心肌缺血再灌注中 ,Bax基因对心肌细胞凋亡的发生有着重要的作用 ,且可以作为心肌缺血再灌注的早期诊断提供一项辅助诊断依据。     

大鼠急性心肌缺血再灌注Bcl-2蛋白的表达及其法医病理学意义

目的为心肌缺血/再灌注损伤所致心性猝死的法医学诊断提供形态学依据。方法运用免疫组织化学方法,研究Bcl-2蛋白在心肌组织中不同区域的表达。结果对照组正常心肌组织无Bcl-2蛋白表达。Bcl-2蛋白再灌注0.5h后即可在缺血区域表达,且表达主要在心肌内层。再灌注1h后可观察到Bcl-2蛋白不仅表达于心肌内层且已经扩展至心肌的全层。再灌注2h发现心肌外层表达明显强于心肌内层,随着再灌注时间的延长可以发现Bcl-2蛋白的表达逐渐减弱。结论在急性心肌缺血再灌注中,Bcl-2基因对心肌细胞凋亡的发生有着重要的作用,且可以作为心肌缺血再灌注的早期诊断提供一项辅助诊断依据。     

急性心肌缺血再灌注HSP70及c-Fos的免疫组织化学研究

运用免疫组织化学方法 ,观察心肌缺血后不同时间再灌注HSP70及Fos蛋白在心肌组织不同区域表达的规律 ,为心肌缺血 /再灌注损伤所致心性猝死的法医学诊断提供形态学依据。结扎大鼠左冠状动脉前降支建立急性心肌缺血 /再灌注模型 ,取缺血区域 (左冠脉前降支供血区 )及非缺血区 (右心室 )心肌组织。结果显示 :对照组正常心肌组织无Fos蛋白及HSP70表达。Fos蛋白在心肌缺血 15min再灌注 0 5h后即在缺血区域表达 ,随着再灌注时间延长其表达增强 ;非缺血区域 1h始有表达 ,缺血区域表达明显强于非缺血区域。HSP70在心肌缺血区域再灌注 1h后始有表达 ,随着再灌注时间延长其表达增强 ;非缺血区域心肌 2h始有表达 ,且明显弱于缺血区域。同时发现再灌注早期HSP70及Fos均先于心肌内层表达 ,随着时间延长其表达向心肌外层扩展。Fos在再灌注 0 5h时主要在心肌内层表达 ,1h时已扩展到心肌全层 ,4h时其心肌外层表达明显强于心肌内层。HSP70在再灌注 1、 2h时主要在心肌内层表达 ,4、 6h时表达扩展至全层心肌。心肌缺血 /再灌注早期不同时间HSP70及Fos表达有不同的区域性及强度 ,此可为心肌缺血 /再灌注的早期诊断提供一项新的辅助诊断依据     

NF-кBp65和ICAM-1在急性心肌缺血和再灌注损伤中表达的意义

目的 观察急性心肌缺血再灌注后NF-кBp65和ICAM-1在心肌组织中表达的规律,探讨急性心性猝死的诊断指标。方法 用免疫组织化学方法观察兔心肌缺血再灌注后NF-кBp65和ICAM-1蛋白在不同实验组中的表达规律,以正常组作为对照。结果(1)正常对照组:NF-кBp65蛋白未见表达,ICAM-1蛋白在心肌组织中有低水平表达;(2)心肌缺血组:心肌组织中均可观察到NF-кBp65和ICAM-1蛋白的表达;(3)心肌缺血再灌注组:心肌缺血再灌注0.5h,即可发现NF-кBp65和ICAM-1蛋白的表达;心肌缺血再灌注1h,心肌组织中NF-кBp65的表达至高峰,ICAM-1蛋白的表达逐渐增加;心肌缺血再灌注2h,心肌组织中NF-кBp65的表达下降,ICAM-1蛋白的表达至高峰;心肌缺血再灌注4h,心肌组织中NF-кBp65和ICAM-1蛋白的表达均逐渐下降。结论 在心肌缺血再灌注时,心肌组织中有NF-кBp65和ICAM-1的表达,并随时间呈一定规律性变化。     

NF-κBp65和ICAM-1在急性心肌缺血和再灌注损伤中表达的意义

目的观察急性心肌缺血再灌注后NF-κBp65和ICAM-1在心肌组织中表达的规律,探讨急性心性猝死的诊断指标.方法用免疫组织化学方法观察兔心肌缺血再灌注后NF-κBp65和ICAM-1蛋白在不同实验组中的表达规律,以正常组作为对照.结果(1)正常对照组:NF-κBp65蛋白未见表达,ICAM-1蛋白在心肌组织中有低水平表达;(2)心肌缺血组:心肌组织中均可观察到NF-κBp65和ICAM-1蛋白的表达;(3)心肌缺血再灌注组:心肌缺血再灌注0.5h,即可发现NF-κBp65和ICAM-1蛋白的表达;心肌缺血再灌注1h,心肌组织中NF-κBp65的表达至高峰,ICAM-1蛋白的表达逐渐增加;心肌缺血再灌注2h,心肌组织中NF-κBp65的表达下降,ICAM-1蛋白的表达至高峰;心肌缺血再灌注4h,心肌组织中NF-κBp65和ICAM-1蛋白的表达均逐渐下降.结论在心肌缺血再灌注时,心肌组织中有NF-κBp65和ICAM-1的表达,并随时间呈一定规律性变化.     

大鼠心肌急性缺血再灌注NF-кB P65和caspase-3的表达

目的观察大鼠急性心肌缺血再灌注后NF-кBP65和caspase-3在心肌中表达的规律,为心肌急性缺血早期死亡的法医学鉴定提供科学证据。方法运用免疫组化和图像分析技术观察66只SD大鼠心肌缺血再灌注后NF-кBP65和caspase-3蛋白在不同实验组中的表达规律。结果心肌缺血组缺血区域心肌组织缺血5min就可见NF-кBP65和caspase-3蛋白表达,并随缺血时间延长表达逐渐增强;而非缺血区域心肌组织仅见低水平表达或不表达;但两种蛋白(两者)并非在缺血区域心肌同一部位表达,也不是在心肌细胞内的同一部位表达;caspase-3主要在心肌细胞浆表达,而кBP65既在心肌细胞浆表达,也在心肌细胞核中表达。心肌缺血再灌注组(在)心肌缺血5min~1h内,再灌注与否并不影响这两种蛋白的表达。正常对照组未见这两种蛋白表达。结论心肌缺血再灌注时,心肌组织中有NF-кBP65和caspase-3蛋白的表达,这两种蛋白在心肌中的表达可视作诊断早期心肌缺血的参考指标。     

大鼠急性早期心肌梗死细胞膜PNA受体表达

探测急性心肌缺血早期细胞膜PNA受体的表达特点。应用免疫组化法(S-P法)对32只SD大鼠急性心肌缺血早期不同时间心肌细胞膜凝集素受体的表达进行研究。结果发现:心肌缺血15min时,心肌局部可出现PNA染色阳性,且随着缺血时间的延长,其阳性表达面积明显增加;缺血2h;其表达水平达到高峰,呈弥漫性染色阳性,明显高于对照组;2h后,心肌缺血区域PNA受体的表达开始出现下降趋势。实验结果稳定,敏感性强,可为心肌缺血早期诊断提供客观的依据。     

急性心肌缺血早期血管内皮生长因子的免疫组织化学实验

对大鼠急性心肌缺血早期的不同时间、心脏不同部位的血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的表达，运用免疫组织化学方法进行了研究。结果发现：缺血30min后在缺血心肌局部开始出现VEGF阳性表达，而缺血边缘区域和正常区域心肌在缺血1h后也开始出现VEGF阳性表达，并随着缺血时间的延长，VEGF的表达强度也越来越强。对照组未发现有阳性表达结果.表明运用免疫组化方法检测心肌缺血后心肌局部VEGF的表达，可望作为因心肌缺血导致心脏性猝死案例的诊断标准之一。     

心肌缺血再灌流损伤HSP70 mRNA原位杂交研究

目的观察家兔早期缺血再灌流损伤心肌组织热休克蛋白70 mRNA的表达变化,为心性猝死的法医病理学诊断寻找新的方法.方法建立家兔心肌缺血再灌流损伤模型,通过原位杂交技术观察研究.结果心肌缺血15min再灌流30min后,缺血区HSP70 mRNA阳性反应增强,阳性颗粒均匀散布于心肌全层,随着缺血时间的延长,阳性反应细胞数目逐渐增多,染色加深.结论HSP70 mRNA原位杂交检测可望为早期心肌缺血再灌流损伤的死后诊断提供新方法.     

心肌早期缺血再灌流损伤HSP70表达研究

目的　探讨早期缺血再灌流损伤心肌组织热休克蛋白 70 (HSP70 )的变化 ,为心源性猝死的法医病理学鉴定寻找新的依据。　方法　建立家兔早期心肌缺血再灌流动物模型 ,用免疫组化SABC法观察HSP70的表达。　结果　心肌缺血 15min再灌流 30min后 ,再灌流区心内膜下可见HSP70阳性表达 ;缺血30min再灌流 30min后 ,HSP70阳性反应细胞数目较多 ,散布于心肌全层 ;缺血 6 0min再灌流 30min后 ,再灌流区阳性表达明显减少 ,而其边缘见阳性表达略有增强。各实验组正常区和对照组心肌组织均未见阳性反应。　结论　心肌组织HSP70的阳性表达是一项显示心肌早期缺血再灌流损伤的灵敏指标 ,HSP70的免疫组化检测对缺血再灌流损伤所致心源性猝死的死后诊断具有一定的应用价值。     

Fatal poisoning in drug addicts in the Nordic countries in 2007

The frequency of medico-legally examined fatal poisonings in 2007 among drug addicts was investigated in five Nordic countries; Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. The number of deaths, age, sex, place of death, main intoxicant, and other drugs present in blood samples were recorded to obtain national and comparable Nordic data, as well as data to compare with earlier studies in 2002, 1997, and 1991. Norway had the highest incidence of drug addict deaths by poisoning followed by Denmark, with 8.24 and 6.92 per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively. The death rates in Finland (4.02), Iceland (4.56), and Sweden (3.53) were about half that of Norway and Denmark. Compared with earlier studies, the death rates were unchanged in Denmark and Norway, but increased in Finland, Iceland, and Sweden. In all countries, fewer deaths (29-35%) were recorded in the capital area compared with earlier studies. Females accounted for 11-19% of the fatal poisonings. Iceland deviates with a more equal distribution between men and women (40%). Deaths from methadone overdoses increased in all Nordic countries, and methadone was the main intoxicant in Denmark in 2007, accounting for 51% of the poisonings. In Norway and Sweden, heroin/morphine was still the main intoxicant with a frequency of 68% and 48%, respectively. In Iceland, 3 deaths each were due to heroin/morphine and methadone, respectively. Finland differs from other Nordic countries in having a high number of poisonings caused by buprenorphine and very few caused by heroin/morphine. The total number of buprenorphine deaths in Finland doubled from 16 in 2002 to 32 in 2007, where it constituted 25% of deaths. The general toxicological screening program showed widespread multi-drug use in all countries. The median number of drugs per case varied from 3 to 5. The most frequently detected substances were heroin/morphine, methadone, buprenorphine, tramadol, amphetamine, cocaine, tetrahydrocannabinol, benzodiazepines and ethanol.     

2008年中国法治亮点巡礼

2008年，是中国法治进程稳步推进和稳健发展的一年，也是法治亮点频频闪现的一年。2008年的立法景观依然多姿多彩，科学立法、民主立法继续推进，公民对立法工作的有序参与进一步扩大，已出台的十一届全国人大常委会立法规划值得人们期待。此外，实施不久的《政府信息公开条例》、全面开展的监狱体制改革，以及此起彼伏的问责风暴等都是值得我们关注的法治亮点。     

Trustees in Cyprus regulated in 2007

Trust and company service providers in Cyprus are followingin the footsteps of their European counterparts and will toobe regulated at the beginning of 2007.     

Differences in female and male involvement in lethal violence in Russia

Relatively little is known of the distributions of homicide event characteristics in non-Western nations in which women relative to men are involved. This article utilizes unique homicide narratives drawn from Russian court and police records to compare homicide victim, offender, and event characteristics by sex of victim and separately by sex of offender. Results from logistic regression show that homicides in which a female was the victim or offender were more likely to occur between intimates and to occur in the home, whereas homicides involving males were more likely to occur in a public place, to be alcohol-related, to involve a firearm, and to involve a victim and offender who did not know each other well. These results not only present an important first glimpse at women as homicide victims and offenders in Russia specifically, but also provide a point of comparison with findings from similar analyses undertaken in the West, and present further initial observations upon which to construct a cohesive theory about female involvement in serious violent events.     

Trends in Non-Muslim Divorces in Singapore

This article examines the trends and patterns in the way thesecular divorce law has been utilized by couples in Singaporeseeking to end their marriage. Social and demographic featuresof the divorcing couples, as well as the ‘fact’relied on in support of their divorce petitions, are studiedand compared to earlier analyses. It is found that while somepatterns observed by earlier researchers have remained intact,others have changed. This article suggests explanations forthese observed patterns and contributes to the discussion onwhether and how the divorce law can be improved in Singaporeand elsewhere.     

Competence in caring in legal practice

This article is concerned with the stories of female solicitors working in Queensland, Australia, and their account of ethics in practice. These narratives were sought and made in the context of our project investigating complaints received against practitioners in this jurisdiction. Our interviews with female lawyers were intended to provide more insight into complaints matters. Yet this discussion revealed broader insights into ethical questions about the nature of lawyer–client relationships and legal professionalism. This article considers these accounts by reflecting on the concept of ‘care’ and its fit with legal practice requirements today. In doing so, we consider the difficult gendered question of the relationship between caring and ‘women's’ practice. We do not assert a true woman's working style; we seek to contextualise our empirical research by tracing the complex effect of gender on lawyering roles. Finally, we suggest that the adoption of caring practice is a valid approach to lawyering and call for a caring approach to be re-valued in the legal professional context as an ethical proposition.     

论述二十世纪九十年代美国的犯罪问题

在20世纪90年代,犯罪已成为美国社会所面临的一个严峻的问题。集团、枪支、烈性酒、毒品是引发犯罪的重要因素。各类犯罪影响了美国社会的正常秩序,给受害者带来了物质和精神上的痛苦。研究20世纪90年代美国的犯罪问题可以为我国今天打击、预防犯罪提供一些借鉴。