Cannabinoids determination in oral fluid by SPME–GC/MS and UHPLC–MS/MS and its application on suspected drivers

The confirmation of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in oral fluid (OF) is an important issue for assessing Driving Under the Influence of Drugs (DUID). The aim of this research was to develop a highly sensitive method with minimal sample pre-treatment suitable for the analysis of small OF volumes (100 μL) for the confirmation of cannabinoids in DUID cases. Two methods were compared for the confirmation of THC in residual OF samples, obtained from a preliminary on-site screening with commercial devices. An ultra high performance LC–MS (UHPLC–MS/MS) method and an SPME–GC/MS method were hence developed. 100 μL of the residual mixture OF/preservative buffer or neat OF was simply added to 10 μL of THC-D3 (1 μg/mL) and submitted to the two different analyses: A — direct injection of 10 μL in UHPLC–MS/MS in positive electrospray ionisation (ESI) mode and B — sampling for 30 min with SPME (100 μm polydimethylsiloxane or PDMS fibre) and direct injection by desorption of the fibre in the GC injection port.The lowest limit of detection (LLOD) of THC was 2 ng/mL in UHPLC–MS/MS and 0.5 ng/mL in SPME–GC/MS. In addition, cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabinol (CBN) could be detected in GC/MS equipment at 2 ng/mL, whilst in UHPLC–MS/MS the LLOD was 20 ng/mL.Both methods were applied to 70 samples coming from roadside tests. By SPME–GC/MS analysis, THC was confirmed in 42 samples, whilst CBD was detected in 21 of them, along with CBN in 14 samples. THC concentrations ranged from traces below the lowest limit of quantification or LLOQ (2 ng/mL) up to 690 ng/mL.     

GC–MS analysis of eight aminoindanes using three derivatization reagents

Aminoindanes are a class of novel psychoactive substances (NPSs) that have become more prevalent over the past decade. GC–MS is often utilized for identifying seized drugs and is well regarded for its ability to separate mixtures. However, certain aminoindanes have similar mass spectral data and require specific gas chromatographic stationary phases for separation. Derivatization is an alternative method that can be applied to GC–MS to enhance chromatographic results, providing more selective analysis in seized-drug identification. This study investigates derivatization techniques to provide options for forensic science laboratories in accurately identifying aminoindanes. Three derivatization reagents, N-methyl-bis(trifluoroacetamide) (MBTFA), heptafluorobutyric anhydride (HFBA), and ethyl chloroformate (ECF) were evaluated for the analysis of eight aminoindanes by GC–MS using two common gas chromatographic stationary phases, Rxi®-5Sil MS and Rxi®-1Sil MS. All three derivatization methods successfully isolated eight aminoindanes, including the isomers 4,5-methylenedioxy-2-aminoindane (4,5-MDAI), and 5,6-methylenedioxy-2-aminoindane (5,6-MDAI) that could not be differentiated prior to derivatization. Reduced peak tailing and increased abundance were observed after derivatization for all the compounds, and mass spectra of the derivatives contained individualizing fragment ions that allowed for further characterization of the aminoindanes. This excluded 4,5-MDAI and 5,6-MDAI as they shared the same characteristic ions and were only distinguishable by their retention times. All three derivatization techniques used in this study allow for successful characterization of the aminoindanes and give forensic science laboratories flexibility in their analysis approach when they encounter these compounds.     

Rapid GC–MS confirmation of amphetamines in urine by extractive acylation

Amphetamine and related derivatives are widely abused central- and psychostimulants. Detection of certain derivatives, such as methcathinone, by commonly available immunoassay screening techniques is insufficient. Multi-analyte confirmations for amphetamine type stimulants are therefore required, but traditional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry methods necessitate lengthy analytical procedures with prolonged sample turn-around times. A validated rapid GC–MS assay for urinary confirmation of amphetamine, methamphetamine, methcathinone, ephedrine, norephedrine, methylenedioxyamphetamine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine, methylenedioxyethylamphetamine and N-methyl-1-(3,4 methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-butanamine is reported. The method entailed in situ derivatization of urine specimens by extractive acylation with pentafluoropropionic anhydride, followed by rapid chromatography on a microbore capillary column. Analytes were separated in less than 3 min and quantified simultaneously by selected-ion monitoring using stable isotope substituted internal standards. The total instrument cycle-time was 6 min per sample. The limits of detection were between 1.5 ng/mL and 6.25 ng/mL for the various analytes. Intermediate precision and accuracy were in the range of 6.3–13.8% and 90.5–107.3% for the respective analytes at the lower limit of quantitation, and between 5.8–12.6% and 95.4–103.1% for the high control. Long-term storage of methcathinone positive specimens at ?20 °C proved insufficient stability of this analyte. The proposed assay is precise and accurate for confirmation of amphetamine and derivatives in urine. The complementary approach of extractive-derivatization and fast GC–MS analysis is especially applicable in routine clinical settings where reduced sample turn-around times are required. Further investigation of cathinone as a possible metabolite of methcathinone is warranted, based on results from analyzed authentic urine samples.     

Determination of disperse dyes on polyester fibers by UHPLC–Orbitrap MS

The determination of fiber dyes is important in forensic investigations. Although a variety of fiber dyes detection methods have been established, the sensitive and accurate determination of trace fiber dyes remains a challenge due to the possible interferences caused by complex environmental matrix and various fiber additives. Orbitrap mass spectrometry (Orbitrap MS) is a type of high-resolution mass spectrometry with high qualitative accuracy and detection sensitivity which highly meet the identification requirements of fiber dyes in real cases. However, the application of Orbitrap MS in fiber dye analysis is limited. In this regard, this study used polyester fiber, which is the most commonly-found fiber in forensic cases, as a model and established a UHPLC–Orbitrap MS method to analyze disperse dyes on polyester fibers. Using the optimized UHPLC–Orbitrap MS method, nine disperse dyes were accurately identified and well separated, and the limits of detection ranged between 0.1 ng/mL and 5.0 ng/mL. The developed method was applied to analyze actual fiber samples, and dyes from single fibers of 1 mm in length could be accurately detected. The established method is sensitive, accurate, and demonstrates good application prospects.     

氯氮平的GC／MS／MS检验

目的建立苯二氮卓类药物氯氮平的串联质谱检验方法,以排除干扰物质,提高灵敏度。方法用串联质谱方法分析。结果以基峰m/z243为母离子,碰撞诱导电压(CID)为0.8v,进行MS/MS分析。结论与GC/MS相比,GC/MS/MS方法选择性好、灵敏度最高,排除干扰性能强。     

GC/MS,MS/MS在毒物及其代谢物分析中的应用

当今,制药工业的飞速发展,大批新药,特别是止痛药、麻醉药、新型农药和加工剂型的问世、发展与广泛应用,加之管理不善,控制不严,使中毒案件有逐年增多之势.法庭科学要求毒物工作者提供快速、准确的毒物及其代谢物的鉴定方法.常用的TLC、UV、HPLC、IR、GC等分析方法,固然有许多优点,但就应用范围,检测灵敏度和对未知物结构定性、定量分析均不如MS法.GC/MS仪作为复杂有机混合物快速、灵敏、可靠的鉴定技术在法庭科学鉴定中已获得越来越广泛的应用.早在70年代初,美国法医毒物学家首先将它用于毒物分析.经过二十几年的发展,已形成有机质谱应用的重要分支——法庭科学质谱.这期间,高效毛细管色/质(HRGC/MS)技术、电离技术、离子传输技     

Development and validation of a LC–MS/MS method for analysis of vortioxetine in postmortem specimens. First data from an authentic case

Vortioxetine is an antidepressant recently licensed in USA and EU for the treatment of major depressive disorder. Neither fatal case due to overdose nor data about postmortem concentrations on blood or other specimens have been reported. The aims of this study were the development and validation of a method for vortioxetine analysis by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) in postmortem samples and its application in an authentic case. The method was validated and applied on blood, vitreous humor, bile, brain, liver, kidney, and gastric content. After protein precipitation, the supernatant was directly injected into LC–MS/MS. Analysis was carried out by Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) mode. The authentic case concerned a 38 years-old woman, affected by depression, who was found hanged at home. The method determined an acceptable sensitivity, selectivity, linearity, precision, and accuracy for all matrices. No interference was shown for all matrices. The matrices do not significantly reduce the peak intensity of vortioxetine. No carryover was shown. Toxicological analysis of the authentic case showed vortioxetine in blood (234 ng/ml), vitreous humor (10.5 ng/ml), brain (490 ng/g), lung (479 ng/g), liver (3751 ng/g), kidney (798 ng/g), bile (2267 ng/ml) and gastric content (253 ng/ml). Our case suggests that even at blood concentrations of vortioxetine equal to 234 ng/ml, the subject was able to stage and carry out the hanging. Vortioxetine concentrations found in the other cadaveric samples (biological fluids, organs, and gastric content) may be helpful to evaluate further similar comparable cases.     

HPLC-ESI/MS/MS检测奥克托金的方法研究

目的建立HPLC-ESI-MS/MS检测奥克托金的方法。方法在负离子模式下,引入CH3COO-,形成加合离子[M＋CH3COO]-,通过电喷雾电离和多反应监测模式,找出离子对,进行定性分析。结果确定奥克托金的检测离子对为354.9/46.0,354.9/147,354.9/174.2和354.9/100,最低检出限达5×10-2ng/mL。结论本方法可以有效的检出微量奥克托金。     

LC/MS/MS法测定婴儿肾结石中三聚氰胺

三聚氰胺,又称蜜胺、2,4,6－三氨基－1,3,5－三嗪,白色单斜棱晶,微溶于水,可溶于甲醇、甲醛、乙酸、热乙二醇、甘油、吡啶等;遇强酸或强碱水溶液水解,氨基逐步被羟基取代,先生成三聚氰胺二酰胺,进一步水解生成三聚氰酸一酰胺,     

血液中氯胺酮的GC／MS／MS分析

目的建立血液中氯胺酮的定性分析方法;方法采用串联质谱法分析;结果选择氯胺酮的特征离子m/z180为母离子,CID电压为0.5v进行MS/MS分析;结论此检验方法能有效的消除来自人体血液的干扰物质,方法快速、灵敏、准确。     

LC／MS／MS法测定生物组织中百草枯

目的建立LC／MS／MS检测生物体液中百草枯方法。方法弱阳离子交换固相萃取小柱提取剂，应用LC／MS／MS法对生物样品中百草枯进行定性定量分析。结果经该方法测得百草枯的最小检出限为10ng／ml血（S／N≥3），线性范围为0．02～20μg／ml。结论该方法快速、灵敏、准确，适用于生物检材中百草枯的分析。     

生物检材中阿维菌素的HPLC—MS／MS分析

目的建立生物检材包括血、肝组织、胃组织中阿维菌素（Avermectins）的HPLC—MS／MS分析方法。方法采用Oasis HLB固相萃取柱进行提取,以XTerra^TM RP18柱（2．1mm×100mm,3．5μm）色谱柱分离,以甲醇-0．1％冰醋酸水溶液（75：25）为流动相,流速为0．2mL／min。结果线性范围10ng／mL～3μg／mL,最小检出限为0．1ng／mL。结论本方法准确、快速,可用于生物检材血中阿维菌素的定性定量分析,肝及胃组织中阿维菌素的定性分析。     

HPLC—ESI—MS／MS法测定全血中溴敌隆

目的建立全血中测定溴敌隆的高效液相色谱-电喷雾-质谱联用检测方法。方法血液样品经乙醚提取后，采用Ultra Cl8柱（150mm×2．1mm×5μm）；柱温：23℃；流动相：甲醇；流速：200μl／min；在负离子模式下，通过电喷雾电离（ESI），多反应监测（MRM）测定，外标法定量分析溴敌隆。结果在0．1-50mg／1范围内两者均呈良好的线性关系。溴敌隆的回收率为94．34％（RSD=7．3％），考察了方法的基质抑制作用（matrix effect，ME）（％）=B／A×100％=91．86％（RSD=4．78％）定量检出限为0．028ng。结论本方法简便、灵敏度高、定性定量准确，可以作为检验全血中溴敌隆检验的一种手段。     

血中汽油成分的SPME-GC/MS/MS法分析

<正> 汽油的主要成分是低分子量高挥发性的低碳烃和甲苯、二甲苯等烷基苯,以及一些芳香族化合物。在以汽油为助燃剂的火灾现场,往往能从烧死尸体的血液中检测到汽油和其在燃烧分解过程中产生的碳氢化     

"MS"行动

澳门第二大黑帮水房帮于澳门回归前_渗透内地,自称广东水房帮“大佬”的杨振林企图购买大批军火干一票“大生意”     

高效液相色谱–串联质谱法（HPLC-MS/MS）检测人体指甲中甲基苯丙胺含量

滥用毒品已成为世界性的严重社会问题。安非他明类兴奋剂甲基苯丙胺直接作用于人体中枢神经系统，具有高度成瘾性。这类药物可在毛发和指甲样本中残留数月，能够用于准确判断嫌疑人员的吸毒史。本文旨在建立人体指甲中甲基苯丙胺的液相色谱–串联质谱检测方法。将指甲样品经水、甲醇依次清洗后，用1 mol/L NaOH溶液碱水解、乙酸乙酯萃取后，取有机层溶剂经氮气吹干，待测物用甲醇水溶液复溶，应用HSS T3色谱柱分离，采用电喷雾离子源（ESI）、正离子模式扫描，多反应监测模式（MRM）检测，空白基质配制标准曲线，以内标法定量。结果显示，甲基苯丙胺在0.1～5 ng/mg范围内线性关系良好，相关系数为0.990 1，定量限为0.1 ng/mg;0.1、0.5、2.0 ng/mg三个水平添加下，提取回收率为98.5%～102.2%，精密度为4.35%～6.85%。运用该方法在两位吸毒嫌疑人员的指甲样品中成功检测出了甲基苯丙胺。该方法检测灵敏、结果准确，可用于司法鉴定中指甲样品中甲基苯丙胺的分析检验。     

GC/MS及UPLC/MS/MS法检验新精神活性物质5-MeO-AMT 1例

正1案例资料某公安局刑警大队查获网络贩毒案件检材1支,为外包装标有"human body lubricant"字样的注射器包装,管内封装有淡绿色凝胶状液体约2m L。要求进行色胺类分析检测。2检验方法2.1仪器和试剂安捷伦7890GC/5975MS型气相色谱-质谱联用仪,岛津LC-20ADXR/AB4500Q TRAP液相色谱-质谱仪。试剂:5-Me O-AMT盐酸盐标准溶液(1.0mg/m L,购自Cerilliant公司),甲醇等试剂均为色谱纯,     

SPE-LC/MS/MS法检验血尿中的茚地普隆

建立了新型非苯二氮唑类镇静催眠药茚地普隆的LC/MS/MS定性定量检测及血、尿等生物检材的自动固相萃取提取方法.实验结果表明,本方法准确、快速、高效,可以满足新型镇静药物茚地普隆的日常检验工作需要.     

SPME—GC／MS／MS法分析血中助燃剂残留物

目的探讨检验血中助燃剂残留物的分析方法。方法运用SPME(固相微萃取)技术,利用100μmPDMS萃取纤维,于室温条件下以顶空方式直接从血中萃取、浓缩挥发性碳氢化合物,用GC/MS/MS检测分析助燃剂。结果从检验的实际案例显示,可从0.1ml血中检出痕量的助燃剂。结论该方法操作时间短,检材用量少,分析结果较理想。