非分泌型的基因型与血型物质的分泌研究

阐明非分泌型的基因型与血型物质分泌量和Lewis表型的关系。应用时间决定性荧光免疫测定法（TR－FIA），检测传统的A型Lewis阳性非分泌型个体唾液中H、A及Lewis抗原含量，并以序列特异性PCR，确定其基因型。非分泌型个体唾液中检出了高含量的Lea抗原，其中8例不同程度的检出了少量H、A和Leb抗原，其FUTZ位点为se2／se2纯合型，属Le（a＋b＋）型；1例基因型为se3／se5杂合型，未能检出H、A及Leb抗原，属Le（a＋b－）型。se2是弱分泌基因，se3及se5是非分泌基因。     

人类精子ABO血型抗原的间接免疫荧光研究

应用间接免疫荧光技术,对40份精子标本进行 ABO 血型抗原检测。A 型人精子上存在 A 抗原;B 型人精子上存在 B 抗原;AB 型人精液中,一部分精子带有 A 抗原,另一部分精子带 B 抗原。各血型人的精子均有 H 抗原。精子血型抗原为本身所固有,并非来源于精浆。不同人的精子血型抗原含量各不相等,与其供体是否为分泌状态或强弱无直接关系。精子 ABO 血型抗原主要存在于精子的颈部和顶体等区域。     

人类分泌状态的研究及进展

ABO血型系统属人类的重要遗传标记之一。ABO抗原不仅存在于红细胞膜，也广泛存在于人体的体液和分泌液中。在体液及分泌液中分泌ABH血型物质的人称作分泌型（Seers－tors，See）。A型人分泌A物质，B型人分泌B物质，O型人分泌H物质。所有分泌型人都有H物质的分泌；不分泌ABH血型物质的人称作非分泌型（nonsecretors，uSe）[1]。分泌ABH血型物质，首先是在检测人精液和唾液时被证实[2]。后来的研究结果表明：在人类分泌型个体的消化道（唾液、胃粘膜、胆汁、胎粪）、泌尿生殖道（精液、阴道分泌物、卵巢囊肿液、尿）、呼吸道及乳汁…     

用酶标抗体免疫组化法测定性交后阴道内容物中精子的ABO血型

应用间接酶标抗体免疫组化法测出了53例新鲜精液、5例陈旧精斑及40例阴道分泌液中的精子与阴道脱落上皮细胞的ABO血型,30例精子与不同血型分泌型阴道分泌液孵育,未发现精子吸附阴道液中血型物质的现象,同时发现人类睾丸曲精细管中部份生精细胞、精子细胞,精子;直细精管部份上皮细胞、精液、精子;睾丸网大部份上皮细胞及副睾管中的精液与精子均含ABH抗原,故认为精子上的ABH抗原主要是精子固有抗原,13例性交后阴道内容物中精子的ABO型测定结果:7例与供者血型吻合,6例不吻合。6例中5例从O型精子中测出了女方分泌型阴道分泌液中的A或AB物质,1例B型精子未测出B及H抗原,文中对这种现象进行了讨论。     

人精子ABO血型抗原的免疫金银染色研究

<正> 在法医物证检验中,直接检测单个精子的血型抗原,是判定混合斑中精斑血型的重要手段之一。本实验应用先进的免疫金银染色技术(Immunogold-Silver Stainning,IG SS)来检测人精子ABO血型抗原。     

免疫抗A、抗B、抗H沉淀素血清的制备

本文介绍了用浓缩的分泌型人唾液免疫鸡,经吸收精制获得鸡抗A、抗B、抗H沉淀素血清的方法。用本法制备的抗血清,对相应血型人唾液的特异性沉淀价可达1:512倍以上,对非相应血型者的分泌液不出现非特异性沉淀反应。应用该血清进行环状沉淀试验、单向琼脂扩散试验等免疫学试验,可简便、准确地鉴定人唾液斑、精液斑等分泌液斑的ABO血型。     

中和法检验人体液斑中H型物质含量在个人识别中的应用4例

中和法检验人体液斑中Ｈ型物质含量在个人识别中的应用４例刘仙洲（河北省顺平县公安局；顺平０７２２５０）Ａ、Ｂ、Ｈ类血型物质不仅存在于红细胞上，在唾液、精斑、阴道分泌液及人体各组织也广泛分布。分泌型人的体液中除分泌与本身相同的型物质外，还可分泌Ｈ型物质，...     

唾液中H及H2血型物质的定量研究

用抗H1E3（H1及H2特异性）及抗H224（H2特异性）抗体，以时间决定性荧光免疫测定法对129例个体唾液中的H及H2血型物质进行定量检测。证明在分泌型唾液中含有大量H物质，其主体是H1物质，H2物质的含量为H物质的1／10～1／20。在非分泌型唾液中检出少量H1物而无H2物质，表明H2物质的检出与否可作为区分分泌型与非分泌型的标准，推测唾液中H物质含量的差别，由Se．H基因编码的两种α（1→2）岩藻糖基转移酶活性差异所决定。     

四川省羌族人群ABO型、D抗原、分泌状态与Hp型分布的调查报告

多年来,我国学者们陆续调查了分布在28个省区20多个民族的ABO型。对部分民族还作了Rh、MN、P、Fy~a,分泌状态、与Hp血型的调查。除ABO型以外,未曾对四川省羌族作过其他血型调查。1984年6月,我们调查了400例羌族中小学生的ABO型与D抗原的分布,以及474例分泌状态、与Hp型的分布,现将结果报导如下。     

矛盾分泌型精斑检验1例

1案情摘要1995年6月某日晚九时许，周某报称被人强奸．从周某被强奸时所穿的短裤上检出人精斑，笔者用中和法（凝集抑制试验）在斑速处检出B血型物质，确定为B血型精斑，而重大嫌疑人赵某血样呈AB型，似被排除作案可能．然而在对其唾液进行ABO血型检验时，意外发现其唾液中仅检出B型物质，未检出AH物质，与体液ABH物质分泌规律不符，表现为矛盾分泌型．其血型物质与精斑检材中血型物质一致，故不能排除其作案可能．案件经全面调查，最后确认赵某即为本强奸案的犯罪分子，且赵某对作案经过供认不讳．2讨论通常根据体液（唾液、精液等）…     

A, B and H group specific substances in human vitreous humor

The presence of A, B and H group specific substances in vitreous humor taken from 105 human corpses was determined. Good agreement was obtained between these group substances and the ABO blood group. The relationship with the secretor type is discussed.     

Immunohistological studies on ABH-activities in secretory cells of human major salivary glands--correlation between ABH-activities in the secretory cells and secretor-nonsecretor

The activities of A, B and H in serous cells (S-cells), mucous cells (M-cells) and excretory duct cells were examined in a large number of paraffin sections of three major salivary glands obtained from 91 corpses, using the immunofluorescence technique. The results are: By taking H activity in S-cells of the submandibular gland or A, B and H activity in M-cells of the sublingual gland as an indicator, the salivary glands were classified as Type I showing activity and Type II showing no activity. No glands corresponding to the intermediate type, as seen in the case of saliva, were noted at all. Among 91 corpses, 70 cases were classified as Type I and 21 as Type II. The results matched well with those of Lewis type tested on blood. The frequencies of the typing (Type I; 76.9%, Type II; 23.1%) were approximately in concordance with those of secretor and nonsecretor in Japanese saliva. From these results, it was assessed that the former corresponded to the secretor type in the case of saliva, and the latter to the nonsecretor type. Even in the same individual, both S-cells and M-cells exhibited different productivities of substances, depending on the glands to which they belonged. Namely, only S-cells in the submandibular gland belonging to Type I showed only H activity independent of the blood group of the individual, but the other S-cells in the other major glands did not show any activity for A, B and H. M-cells exhibited strong activity for H and/or A and/or B in the sublingual and submandibular gland and belonged to Type I, but little activity in the sublingual gland belonged to Type II. In the submandibular gland of Type II, some M-cells showed activity and others did not. On the basis of the above results, we discuss the applicability of the present genetic theory concerning the secretor and nonsecretor type in saliva to salivary glands and cells, and further refer to the reasons for appearance of the weak secretor type or intermediate type in saliva.     

ABO typing studies on liquid urines

ABO typing was successfully performed on 46 urine samples whose ABO group and secretor status had been determined previously from blood and saliva. Twenty-four urine samples were collected on which blind studies, time studies, and storage studies were performed. Multiple urines from several individuals were collected to evaluate the duplicity of the test. Also, urines were collected from pregnant and menstruating females to determine if ABO typing was affected under these conditions. Results of these studies are discussed.     

成人肾脏ABO组织血型1-4型糖链H物质的分布

目的观察1型H、2型H及3/4型H糖链在成人肾组织中的分布及其与分泌状态的关系。方法 应用抗ABO抗体及3种糖链特异的单克隆抗H抗体的免疫组织化学方法,检查分泌型与非分泌型个体肾组织中相应抗原物质的分布。结果 在分泌型和非分泌型人的肾远曲小管均表达2型H和3/4型H物质,1型H和3/4型H物质只在分泌型人肾集合管表达,在非分泌型人中不表达。另外集合管的2型H物质的表达与分泌状态无关。结论 人肾组织有ABH物质的表达,不同肾组织细胞表达的H物质结构差异与AB0型分泌状态有关。     

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for A and B water soluble blood group substances

The conditions affecting an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for salivary blood group substances were investigated. It was found that A, B, and O secretor saliva samples would each bind both anti-A and anti-B typing reagents. The conditions that affected the assay response were optimized for maximum sensitivity and to give the highest resolution possible between the result for an antiserum binding to homologous antigen and the response for heterologous antigen-antibody combinations. Monoclonal antibodies eliminated the heterologous binding indicating that this binding was due to a lack of specificity of the routine typing reagents. A sensitive assay using the monoclonal antibodies to distinguish between samples of A and B secretor saliva is described.     

应用斑点ELISA快速进行体液(斑)的血型测定

<正> 在法医学上体液(斑)的血型测定一般常规应用中和试验、吸收试验、解离试验及混合凝集反应。这些试验既耗时,又需较高的技术,且要新鲜标准红细胞指示结果。本实验系应用我们自己提纯标酶的抗-A,-B与抗-H单克隆抗体A,利用斑点ELISA来进行体液(斑)的血型测定。通过颜色变化直接判断血型。     

Determination of the Lewis blood group substances in stains of forensically relevant body fluids

Forensic investigations often demand a clear definition of secretor status. Lewis-typing of secretion stains may help to verify non-secretor results and to identify mixtures of secretions from Le (a-b-) persons and secretors (or non-secretors). Furthermore it gives an additional check on secretor status, determined by ABO-grouping. Few problems may arise, when testing prepared saliva or semen stains. Therefore our interest was focussed on the possibility of Lewis-typing in stains appearing in forensic case work such as cigarette tips, stamps and envelope flaps, semen stains and vaginal swabs, nasal secretion, sweat and urine stains. All stains with the exception of sweat and urine were successfully Lewis-typed. In saliva stains Lewis substances could be determined even after 5 years and in semen stains for at least up to 40 days.     

Effect of blood group active micro-organisms on the ABO grouping of human whole saliva

Three saliva samples with false positive ABO grouping results were assayed for blood group active organisms, using a variety of selective media to isolate representative strains from the salivary microflora. Eight out of 40, 8 out of 40 and 4 out of 30 strains from the three samples, respectively, showed blood group activity, which correlated well with the false positive specificities of the saliva samples. In all cases the false reaction only lasted a few days. Investigation of one of these samples before and after the appearance of the false positive activity yielded only one out of 40 blood group active organisms, using the same methods. Similar investigation of two "normal" saliva samples found none out of 40 and one out of 40 blood group active organisms, respectively. It is concluded that occasional false positive ABO grouping reactions of saliva samples are probably caused by the presence of unusually high numbers of blood group active micro-organisms, due to disturbances in the ecological balance of the salivary microflora.     

Determination of ABH secretor status by an electronic quantitation method

Blood Group A and B substances in secretor (Se) and nonsecretor (se) salivas were tested by means of an electronic data processing-hemagglutinin-inhibition test (EDP-HAIT) with immunoglobulin M (IgM) isohemagglutinins. Besides a difference in quantity, the blood group substances in Se saliva showed high binding efficiencies compared with those in se saliva. EDP-HAIT with IgG isohemagglutinins proved no difference in the binding efficiencies of Se and se salivas. The determination of secretor status by EDP-HAIT with IgM isohemagglutinin was accurate because the conclusion was obtained based on two different quantitative results. Secretor status of some salivas in gargled water could be determined by comparing the binding efficiencies.     

The rapid determination of the ABO group from body fluids (or stains) by dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot-ELISA) using enzyme-labeled monoclonal antibodies

Using ABH enzyme-labeled monoclonal antibodies, the authors could rapidly detect the ABO group from body fluids and body fluid stains by the dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot-ELISA). In this test, the antigen was immobilized on nitrocellulose paper; the entire piece of paper was coated with an appropriate dilution of enzyme-labeled McAb directly against the antigen of interest; and, finally, 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) substrate solution was added. The site of a positive reaction is clearly visible as a brown spot. We analyzed 521 samples and got satisfactory results. We also analyzed 99 practical case samples by this method and achieved the same results as those obtained by other researchers using other methods. This method is accurate, simple, direct, rapid, and sensitive; it also produces easily observed results, requires no equipment, and can be completed in 30 min. The test proved to be clearly more sensitive for the detection of the ABO blood group in secretor saliva than the conventional hemagglutination inhibition test. Also saliva diluted 10(-4) to 10(-5) and the ABO group of nonsecretor saliva and urine could be easily detected by this method.