共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
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死亡时间推断有十分重要的法医学意义,对查明案件真相常常起到关键作用。在实践中,腐败尸体的死亡时间推断历来是法医学的难点,推断的死亡时间同实际死亡时间存在误差常是难以避免的,但若误差较大,对案件的侦办就失去了实际意义,甚至会误导案件的侦查方向,产生冤假错案。此时的“误差”就应称为错误。本文对13例腐败尸体死亡时间错误推断的原因进行回顾性分析,并就腐败尸体死亡时间推断应注意的问题进行讨论,旨在提高基层法医工作者对腐败尸体某些尸体现象的认识和重视。1案例资料1.1一般资料13例腐败尸体案例来自于南京市公安局法医中心199… 相似文献
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目的观察早期死亡时间(PMI)与血液红细胞ATP含量的相关性。方法选择具有确切死亡时间的尸体30例,在死亡后6、8、10、12、14、16、18、20、22、24h分别于第4肋间进行心脏穿刺取血,利用生物发光法检测血液样本红细胞ATP含量(μmol/gHb),并观察红细胞ATP含量变化与死亡时间的关系。结果尸体心血红细胞ATP含量在死亡后1~24h之内呈现非匀速下降趋势,与死亡时间的Pearson相关系数为-0.971(P=0.000);尸体心血红细胞ATP含量与死亡时间的回归方程及尺。值为:Y=-0.096X+2.872(x为死亡时间),R2=0.936,P=0.000。结论尸体心血红细胞ATP含量在死后1—24h之内的变化与死亡时间具有相关关系,可以作为法医学死亡时间推断的生物学指标。 相似文献
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目的利用傅里叶变换红外(Fourier transform infrared,FTIR)光谱技术结合数据挖掘方法分析死后大鼠脾组织FTIR光谱与死亡时间的关系,推断大鼠死亡时间。方法大鼠脱臼处死,尸体置于20℃环境中,于不同时间点取大鼠脾组织,采集FTIR检测数据,数据预处理后应用数据挖掘方法进行分析。结果大鼠脾组织光谱吸收峰强随死亡时间延长发生变化,峰位没有改变;主成分分析结果示前三个主成分累积贡献率为96%,各时间点光谱样本具有明显聚类趋势;偏最小二乘判别分析和支持向量机分类方法可将不同死亡时间光谱样本进行有效四分类(0~24h、48~72h、96~120h和144~168h);偏最小二乘回归分析构建的死亡时间推断模型决定系数(R~2)为0.96,校正均方根误差和交叉验证均方根误差分别为9.90h和11.39h,预测集R~2达到0.97,预测均方根误差为10.49h。结论 FTIR光谱技术结合数据挖掘方法可对大鼠脾组织进行有效定性和定量分析,可建立分类判别和偏最小二乘回归模型,对死亡时间进行准确推断。 相似文献
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人脾淋巴细胞核DNA含量及形态学参数的变化规律 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5
目的 探讨人体死亡后脾淋巴细胞核DNA含量及形态学参数的变化规律。方法 选取具有明确死亡时间的人体尸体材料,离体脾脏置于室内(19~24℃),在40h内每3~7h取材1次,做成细胞悬液,经RNA酶水解等处理,PI染色,流式细胞仪测定细胞核中含不完整DNA的细胞数,获得M1值。结果 随着死亡时间的延长,M1值逐渐增大,与死亡时间具有明显的相关性,其相关系数为0.9826。在21h,M1值达21.146%,其后M1值的增大出现加速的趋势,在40h达56.965%,并仍有增大的趋势。结论 人体脾脏淋巴细胞核DNA的降解情况(M1值)与死亡时间具有明显的相关性,延长取材时间,积累标本,建立数据库,将为死亡时间的推断提供较为精确的方法。 相似文献
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目的观察早期死亡时间(PMI)与血液红细胞ATP含量的相关性。方法选择具有确切死亡时间的尸体30例,在死亡后6、8、10、12、14、16、18、20、22、24h分别于第4肋间进行心脏穿刺取血,利用生物发光法检测血液样本红细胞ATP含量(μmol/g Hb),并观察红细胞ATP含量变化与死亡时间的关系。结果尸体心血红细胞ATP含量在死亡后1~24h之内呈现非匀速下降趋势,与死亡时间的Pearson相关系数为-0.971(P=0.000);尸体心血红细胞ATP含量与死亡时间的回归方程及R2值为:Y=-0.096X+2.872(X为死亡时间),R2=0.936,P=0.000。结论尸体心血红细胞ATP含量在死后1~24h之内的变化与死亡时间具有相关关系,可以作为法医学死亡时间推断的生物学指标。 相似文献
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利用7例颅脑外伤死亡的健康青年尸体,在死后48h,环境温度18~24℃,空气相对湿度83~92%和实验湿度54~64%的条件下,检测肝脏、肾脏酶活性的变化。实验结果表明,肝脏乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和L-苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH),随着死亡时间的延长,活性逐渐减低,48h近于阴性;而肾脏上述二种酶活性则在死亡后6h和24h出现高峰,36h开始下降;肝脏的酸性磷酸酶(ACP)亦于死后6h和24h出现高峰,36h开始下降。而肾脏此种酶在死后18~24h,有增高趋势。笔者认为上述酶活性的规律性变化有助于死亡时间的推断。应用二种以上酶活性的变化特点,能够较准确地判断死亡时间。 相似文献
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国内外学者在利用长骨,牙齿等推断尸体的年龄方面做了大量工作,并取得成果。但在碎尸案,爆炸案,交通事故及飞机失事案件中,利用仅有的残留皮肤推断年龄,只在日本有所报道[1]。本文就164例尸体胸部皮肤的组织切片观察测量,建立回归方程,其计算结果对年龄的推断较为满意,现报道如下。材料与方法1.标本来源与制备收集收集吉林地区命案尸体及非正常死尸体的皮肤标本164例。取材于胸部正中线右侧第2~3助间皮肤,纵行切取约4cmX2cm且带有少许皮下组织并标记姓名,年龄、性别、死因、死亡时间及提取时间。放入IO%甲醛溶液中固定一周… 相似文献
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目的研究观察大鼠在不同环境条件下死后不同时间其皮肤大体、组织学的改变,为推测较长的死后间隔时间建立实验动物依据。方法观察雌性SD大鼠在不同环境条件下的死后变化,并间隔一定死后时间取皮、染色和镜下观察。结果死后发生骨、软组织分离,A组约需35d,B组需13d。皮肤有形细胞成分和附属器完全分解破坏,A组约20d,B组7d。胶原纤维在A组死后40d(B组12d)仍有部分保留完整。结论环境温度差异是造成A、B两组发生死后改变时程不同的主要因素,利用皮肤大体、组织学改变可望较系统和准确的推测晚期死亡时间。 相似文献
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Thaik-Oo M Tanaka E Tsuchiya T Kominato Y Honda K Yamazaki K Misawa S 《Journal of forensic sciences》2002,47(1):186-189
Estimation of the postmortem interval (PMI) is one of the most important tasks in forensic medicine. Five autopsy organ tissues such as brain, lungs, heart, liver, and kidneys were taken at the time of forensic autopsy from 19 known PMI cases with a range of postmortem intervals ranging from 1 to 120 h (the mean was 25.81 h), and the time-course of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression was measured. The human hepatoma-derived Hep 3B cell line was used as a control. The levels of VEGF increased linearly with the PMI up to 20 h in lung (r = 0.95 and in kidney (r = 0.89), and up to 15 h PMI in liver (r = 0.88). The VEGF levels fell after 24 h PMI, and then remained stable. In brain, the levels of VEGF started to increase after 24 h PMI and increased linearly with PMI up to 40 h in brain (r = 0.94) and then begin to fall. In heart, there was no clear correlation between the PMI and VEGF level. Some variations occurred in selected cases, such as the infant and asphyxial deaths. In conclusion, measurement of hypoxia-inducible levels of VEGF in various body organs appears to be a useful method of estimating the PMI up to 24 h in forensic medicine and pathophysiology. This method is also probably applicable in ischaemia in clinical and basic medicine. 相似文献
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《Science & justice》2023,63(4):485-492
In forensic examination accurate estimation of post-mortem interval (PMI) is a challenging task, particularly in the advanced stages of decomposition. The existing methods (algor mortis, livor mortis, rigor mortis, putrefaction etc) used for estimating PMI rely on analyzing the physical, biochemical, and metabolic changes that occur in the corpse after death. While these methods have shown some level of effectiveness in estimating PMI during the early stages of decomposition, accurate estimation becomes increasingly challenging during the later stages of putrefaction when the body undergoes significant changes. Recently, microRNA (miRNA) profiling due to its relatively small size and stability has emerged as a promising tool in several areas of forensics. This study demonstrates the potential of miRNA for PMI estimation in advanced stages of death. In this study, miRNA-195, miRNA-206, and miRNA-378 were selected as target miRNAs and miRNA-1 as reference miRNA. Left ventricle tissue (5 g) of the heart from 20 forensic autopsies of traffic accident victims (18–32 years) were collected and processed. The samples were held at room temperature for eight different time intervals (12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 168 and 196 h), and RNA was extracted from all the samples using Trizol-based RNA isolation protocol, followed by cDNA synthesis and amplification with commercially available specific miRNA probes in Real-Time PCR (RT-PCR), Ct was calculated. The result showed that miRNAs were associated with PMI. Over time, there were substantial changes in the Ct values of all three miRNAs, with significant reductions observed at 196 h compared to 12 h. miRNA-206 demonstrated significant changes at multiple time intervals, while miRNA-1 remained stable for up to 196 h and thus holds caas an endogenous marker. In conclusion, miRNA has the potential to serve as a valuable tool for estimating PMI, especially during the advanced stages of decomposition, when used in conjunction with established techniques. However, further validation of the study is required to obtain more accurate estimates of PMI. 相似文献
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When insect evidence is obtained during autopsy, forensic entomologists make decisions regarding the effects of low-temperature (-1 degrees C to 4 degrees C) storage of the body and associated insects when estimating the post-mortem interval (PMI). To determine the effects of storage in a morgue cooler on the temperature of maggot masses, temperatures inside and outside of body bags containing a human cadaver and porcine cadavers (seven replicates) were measured during storage. Temperatures remained significantly higher (p<0.05) inside of the body bags relative to the cooler, and remained at levels sufficient for maggot feeding and development. If the assumption that no insect development takes place during preautopsy refrigeration is made, potential error rates in PMI estimation of 8.6-12.8% occur. The potential for blow fly larvae to undergo significant development while being stored in the morgue is a possibility that forensic entomologists should consider during an investigation involving samples collected from autopsy. Case and experimental evidence also demonstrate that substantial tissue loss can occur from maggot feeding during morgue storage. 相似文献
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目的探讨大鼠脑组织8种RNA指标,在不同温度下的表达水平与早期死亡时间(PMI)的相关性。方法将222只SD大鼠随机分为对照组(死后0 h)和4个实验组,实验组断颈处死后分别置于5℃、15℃、25℃和35℃的环境中,于死后1~24 h内9个时间点提取脑组织RNA,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测8种RNA指标(β-actin、GAPDH、RPS29、18S rRNA、5S rRNA、U6 snRNA、miRNA-9及mi RNA-125b)的表达水平,ge Norm软件选取合适内参,SPSS软件对内参标准化RNA指标进行回归分析,R软件构建推断PMI的数学模型,另选6只已知PMI的SD大鼠予以验证。结果 5S rRNA、miR-9和mi R-125b表达稳定,可作为内参指标。β-actin和GAPDH具有良好的时序性降解规律,在24 h内随PMI延长不断降解。R软件拟合得ΔCt值随PMI和温度变化的数学模型可用以推断PMI。运用β-actin和GAPDH验证模型的平均误差率分别为14.1%和22.2%。结论β-actin和GAPDH表达水平与PMI和环境温度相关性良好。本研究建立的数学模型可为温度变化条件下的早期PMI推断提供参考。 相似文献