我国专利强制许可零实施的原因分析

专利强制许可制度是对专利枳人的重要限制,它通过强制的方式平衡专利权人和公众或国家的利益.我国专利法对专利强制许可制度设置由来已久,但至今我国专利强制许可的实施记录仍为零,很多人认为该制度没有实际意义.甚至没有必要继续存在.而我国新专利法却对专利强制许可制度的修改作为重点进行关注.本文在介绍新专利法的同时试分析我国专利强制许可零实施记录的原因.     

我国专利强制许可制度中存在的问题及立法建议

专利强制许可(compulsory licensing),又称为非自愿许可(involuntary licensing),专利强制许可制度作为对专利权的重要限制,一直是各国专利制度的重要组成部分,是防止专利权人滥用垄断权、保护社会公众利益的重要手段。我国《专利法》虽然对专利强制许可制度有明确的规定,但至今没有一起专利强制许可的实施例子,这使专利强制许可制度几乎沦为一项摆设。本文尝试指出我国在专利强制许可制度立法中的缺陷,提出相应的立法建议。     

试论专利法上强制许可的条件

专利法上的强制许可,是指一国专利主管机关,在满足一定条件的前提下,不经专利权人的同意准许第三人实施发明或者实用新型专利的一种法律制度。本文所要论述的"强制许可"仅指以《专利法》第四十八条所规定的内容为前提条件的强制许可。     

关于强制许可制度的完善

为更好地施行《专利法》中有关强制许可的新规定,《实施细则》也进行了相应的修改,具体包括:明确界定了强制许可相关规定中涉及的"未充分实施其专利"、"取得专利权的药品"等重要概念;对我国具体实施出口专利药品强制许可提出了符合国际条约的基本要求;进一步完善有关强制许可的程序性规定等。     

专利许可合同签订中的注意事项

随着国家及企业专利保护意识的提高,专利诉讼、专利许可、专利投资等相关的活动也越来越得到国家和企业的重视。本文以《专利法》、《专利法实施细则》、《专利审查指南》等法律规范为依据,结合企业相关实践,阐述专利许可合同签订过程中需要关注的问题。一.专利权人的排他权专利权最主要和最直接的来源为《专利法》第十一条,未经专利权人许可也无专利法规定的例外并以生产经营为目的实施了该条所规定的行为,则为专利侵权。     

我国专利实施强制许可制度若干问题评析

专利实施的强制许可制度是维护国家和公共利益、促进专利技术的推广利用、防止专利权人滥用权利的重要保障措施,是专利制度的重要组成部分。《专利法》修改后在很多方面对强制许可制度进行了完善,但在强制实施许可申请主体、公共利益的认定、使用费的计算、与《反垄断法》的衔接等方面仍存在不足。     

《专利法》第三次修改后的强制许可规范

分析了强制许可制度在我国专利法立法中的演进。评价了《专利法》第三次修改对我国强制许可制度的规范。认为我国专利实施的强制许可规范目前还存在概念模糊等突出的问题，因而还需要在实践中进一步地整合、充实和细化，进一步地实践、磨合和提炼。     

专利法的转型:从二元结构到三元结构——评《专利法修订草案(送审稿)》第8章及修改条文建议

2016年《专利法修订草案(送审稿)》第8章为“专利的实施与运用”,从六个方面对专利法加以了修改:专利行政部门促进专利实施与运用的原则性规定;国企涉及公益的发明专利之强制许可;国立研发机构和高等院校职务发明中促进发明人或者设计人实施的规定;增设当然许可制度;增设标准必要专利的默示许可;关于专利权出质的规定.这些规定有得有失,经修改和完善之后,与原《专利法》第6章结合,可以实现我国专利法的华丽转身,即由“确权”和“保护”二元结构,转变为“确权”“保护”和“运用”三元结构.     

国际专利许可合同的限制性条款探析

国际专利许可合同的限制可分为专利法和债法两方面的限制。专利法方面的限制是指为确定受方实施权的范围而作出的限制 ;债法方面的限制是指合同中不是基于专利权所作出的限制。违反国际专利许可合同中的限制性条款 ,只有在法律允许订立这些限制性条款的情况下 ,才能产生违反合同的后果。     

香港的专利保护简介

根据香港现行法律体系,香港的专利制度是一种注册英国专利的制度。这种注册制度在香港法律中的依据是香港的《专利注册条例》根据这种制度,凡在英国获得承认的专利,只要在规定的期限内在香港注册,就可以在香港取得如同在英国一样的专利保护。任何人,想得到香港专利保护,必须首先在英国取得专利权。目前,在英国受保护的专利有三种: 一是依英国1949年专利法颁发的专利;     

Fatal poisoning in drug addicts in the Nordic countries in 2007

The frequency of medico-legally examined fatal poisonings in 2007 among drug addicts was investigated in five Nordic countries; Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. The number of deaths, age, sex, place of death, main intoxicant, and other drugs present in blood samples were recorded to obtain national and comparable Nordic data, as well as data to compare with earlier studies in 2002, 1997, and 1991. Norway had the highest incidence of drug addict deaths by poisoning followed by Denmark, with 8.24 and 6.92 per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively. The death rates in Finland (4.02), Iceland (4.56), and Sweden (3.53) were about half that of Norway and Denmark. Compared with earlier studies, the death rates were unchanged in Denmark and Norway, but increased in Finland, Iceland, and Sweden. In all countries, fewer deaths (29-35%) were recorded in the capital area compared with earlier studies. Females accounted for 11-19% of the fatal poisonings. Iceland deviates with a more equal distribution between men and women (40%). Deaths from methadone overdoses increased in all Nordic countries, and methadone was the main intoxicant in Denmark in 2007, accounting for 51% of the poisonings. In Norway and Sweden, heroin/morphine was still the main intoxicant with a frequency of 68% and 48%, respectively. In Iceland, 3 deaths each were due to heroin/morphine and methadone, respectively. Finland differs from other Nordic countries in having a high number of poisonings caused by buprenorphine and very few caused by heroin/morphine. The total number of buprenorphine deaths in Finland doubled from 16 in 2002 to 32 in 2007, where it constituted 25% of deaths. The general toxicological screening program showed widespread multi-drug use in all countries. The median number of drugs per case varied from 3 to 5. The most frequently detected substances were heroin/morphine, methadone, buprenorphine, tramadol, amphetamine, cocaine, tetrahydrocannabinol, benzodiazepines and ethanol.     

Trustees in Cyprus regulated in 2007

Trust and company service providers in Cyprus are followingin the footsteps of their European counterparts and will toobe regulated at the beginning of 2007.     

Differences in female and male involvement in lethal violence in Russia

Relatively little is known of the distributions of homicide event characteristics in non-Western nations in which women relative to men are involved. This article utilizes unique homicide narratives drawn from Russian court and police records to compare homicide victim, offender, and event characteristics by sex of victim and separately by sex of offender. Results from logistic regression show that homicides in which a female was the victim or offender were more likely to occur between intimates and to occur in the home, whereas homicides involving males were more likely to occur in a public place, to be alcohol-related, to involve a firearm, and to involve a victim and offender who did not know each other well. These results not only present an important first glimpse at women as homicide victims and offenders in Russia specifically, but also provide a point of comparison with findings from similar analyses undertaken in the West, and present further initial observations upon which to construct a cohesive theory about female involvement in serious violent events.     

Trends in Non-Muslim Divorces in Singapore

This article examines the trends and patterns in the way thesecular divorce law has been utilized by couples in Singaporeseeking to end their marriage. Social and demographic featuresof the divorcing couples, as well as the ‘fact’relied on in support of their divorce petitions, are studiedand compared to earlier analyses. It is found that while somepatterns observed by earlier researchers have remained intact,others have changed. This article suggests explanations forthese observed patterns and contributes to the discussion onwhether and how the divorce law can be improved in Singaporeand elsewhere.     

论述二十世纪九十年代美国的犯罪问题

在20世纪90年代,犯罪已成为美国社会所面临的一个严峻的问题。集团、枪支、烈性酒、毒品是引发犯罪的重要因素。各类犯罪影响了美国社会的正常秩序,给受害者带来了物质和精神上的痛苦。研究20世纪90年代美国的犯罪问题可以为我国今天打击、预防犯罪提供一些借鉴。     

癫痫的神经病理学研究进展

癫是一种常见的脑疾病,可引起猝死,以往人们侧重于对癫脑电活动的研究,而近年来癫的神经病理学研究已成为临床和法医工作者的一个研究热点。本文依据一系列文献资料分别从癫的发育障碍、瘤性异常增殖、海马硬化、双重病理改变、苔藓纤维发芽等神经病理学变化方面进行综述,进而探讨其法医学意义,希望对癫猝死的法医病理学诊断提供一定的帮助。     

2008年中国法治亮点巡礼

2008年，是中国法治进程稳步推进和稳健发展的一年，也是法治亮点频频闪现的一年。2008年的立法景观依然多姿多彩，科学立法、民主立法继续推进，公民对立法工作的有序参与进一步扩大，已出台的十一届全国人大常委会立法规划值得人们期待。此外，实施不久的《政府信息公开条例》、全面开展的监狱体制改革，以及此起彼伏的问责风暴等都是值得我们关注的法治亮点。