坚持教育优先发展 努力实现教育强县战略目标

平陆县地处山西省最南端，位于晋、秦、豫黄河金三角地带，境内沟壑纵横，丘陵起伏，自然条件较差，人口25万。全县共有学校40所（县直学校18所，乡镇学校22所），其中高中1所、职业中学1所、文化补习学校1所，初中8所、小学16所、幼儿园6所、九年制学校5所、进修校1所、青少年活动中心1所。     

动物致人体损伤19例法医临床学分析

目的探讨动物致人体损伤的法医临床学特点。方法对1990～2002年间四川大学法医学院法医活体检验动物致人损伤案例进行统计分析。结果男性12例，女性7例，年龄3～65岁，平均25岁；损伤方式：狗咬、抓伤10例，鸡啄伤3例，羊咬伤2例，马蹄伤1例，猫抓伤1例，猴抓伤1例，熊猫抓伤1例；发生地点：仓库5例，路边4例，庭院4例，商店2例，餐馆1例，草场1例，野外1例，熊猫基地1例；损伤部位：小腿4例，眼部4例，大腿3例，臀部2例，面部3例，手指1例，睾丸1例，头、背及肢体复合1例；伤残等级：5级1例，7级3例，9级2例，10级2例，余11例未达伤残程度。结论提出加强对动物管理的规范化及少年儿童防犯意识教育。     

罂粟碱海绵体注射在阴茎勃起功能鉴定中的应用

1方法1．1一般资料检案数28人，其中离婚案件25件，性犯罪1件，工伤1件，非道路交通事故1件。经检验阴茎勃起功能正常7人，占检案数的25％；阴茎勃起功能基本正常2人，占检案数的7％；阴茎勃起功能存有障碍19人，占检案数的68％。婚姻存续时间最长11年10个月，最短的1个月。1．2注射方法罂粟碱30－45mg+酚妥拉明1mg，于阴茎海绵体根部注射，于注射前、后10分钟、30分钟、60分钟分别测量阴茎长度（站立位，托其阴茎呈90°，尿道口至耻骨联合前方的水平距离）、周径、勃起角（被鉴定人直立位时阴茎与大腿之间的夹角）、质地（勃起角＞90°，为…     

依法防治甲型H1N1流感

目前，甲型H1N1流感疫情已蔓延至包括中国在内的100多个国家和地区。中国内地的北京、四川、山东、广东、福建、浙江、湖南、上海、湖北、河南、天津、江西等地陆续出现确诊病例。6月11日，世界卫生组织宣布将甲型H1N1流感疫情的警戒级别升至最高级6级，表明世卫组织认为“流感大流行”已经到来，标志着甲型H1N1流感疫情进人了一个新的阶段，     

大鼠脊髓损伤后HIF—1α基因的表达

目的观察大鼠脊髓损伤后低氧诱导因子-1α（HIF—1α）的表达规律，探讨其在脊髓损伤发生发展过程中的作用及法医学应用。方法建立大鼠静压脊髓损伤模型，采用RT—PCR和免疫组化SP法对伤后不同时间（0、3、6、12h和1、3、5、7、11、14d）HIF-1α和HIF-1α mRNA的表达进行检测，BI2000图像分析系统分析结果。结果正常及假手术对照组大鼠脊髓组织内有低水平的HIF-1α mRNA表达，但几乎检测不到HIF-1α阳性细胞；脊髓损伤后，HIF-1α及HIF-1α mRNA表达开始升高，其中HIF-1α mRNA表达在伤后3h开始增加，3d达高峰，14d时恢复正常；HIF—1α表达在伤后3h开始增加，1d达高峰，较HIF—1α mRNA的达峰时间（伤后3d）提前。HIF-1α免疫阳性产物可见于脊髓神经元、胶质细胞、室管膜细胞及间质内的血管内皮细胞。结论脊髓损伤后HIF-1α基因表达开始升高，对组织和细胞起低氧保护作用，其表达的时序性规律可望用于法医学损伤时间推断。     

干部超配，为何都在贫困区

据网友曝料，四川省巴中市辖通江县、南江县、巴州区、平昌县四区县均系国家级农业贫困县，但是却共有44位正副县长。其中通江县10个（1正9副），南江县11个（1正10副），巴州区11个（1正9副1助理），平昌县12个（1正11副），超编50％以上（5月4日《南方日报》）。     

硅铁致磷化氢急性中毒1例

1案例资料 1．1简要案情 2007年2月28日晚，1艘满载硅铁矿石的货船从上海驶往福建。3月1日零时，9名船员先后出现头晕、头痛、腹胀、腹痛、恶心、呕吐症状，自感畏寒、发热，部分船员有口渴、大量饮水表现。20时入医院救治，血液检验示白细胞计数、血清钾测定下降，血清尿酸测定、心肌酶升高。向某（男，37岁）经抢救无效于当晚20时30分死亡，其余8人经治疗后痊愈。调查显示，死者生前无饮食不洁史，无慢性疾病史。     

口服了歌王中毒致死1例

1案例资料 1．1简要案情 某女，2岁，1月前被拘咬伤，在当地注射4支狂犬疫苗。3d前出现疲乏、饮食差、皮肤发痒等症状。死前4h服用某卫生站自制药粉1包后出现剧烈呕吐，1h后遵医嘱再服用半包该约粉后仍呕吐不止，手足发黑，逐渐昏迷，送医院抢救无效死亡。     

致心律失常型右室心肌病猝死1例

1案例 1．1案情及病情经过 某女．13岁．于某年12月17日在无明显诱因下出现腹泻，日约2～3次，呈稀糊状，无黏液脓血，无腹胀、腹痛，无恶心、呕吐，无四肢抽搐，当时未就诊。     

网友回声

一场突如其来的H1N1新型猪流感疫情在墨西哥蔓延，并逐渐向其他国家扩散。截至目前，美国、加拿大、新西兰、法国、以色列、巴西等国已发现多起疑似或确诊感染猪流感病例。H1N1型猪流感已经被世界卫生组织列入第五级的危险度。猪流感疫情来势汹汹，让人始料未及。但相信经历过2003年SARS的国人，在应对这场全球流感时，     

体液中氟乙酰胺SPE-GC/MS检测

目的　利用GC/MS与固相萃取 (SPE)技术相结合 ,开发血和尿样中氟乙酰胺鼠药的GC/MS定量分析新方法 ,并用于实际案例检测。方法　选择乙酰胺为内标 ,通过比较不同固相柱的萃取效率和不同条件对回收率的影响 ,优化用于血和尿样中氟乙酰胺萃取的固相柱和提取条件 ,利用氟乙酰胺与乙酰胺质谱图的分子离子峰面积之比与氟乙酰胺浓度的定量关系 ,建立血和尿样中氟乙酰胺鼠药的GC/MS定量分析新方法。结果　用硅胶柱萃取 ,峰面积之比与氟乙酰胺浓度在 5 0～ 90 μg/ml范围呈线性关系 ,检测限为 1 0 μg/ml。血样中氟乙酰胺检测的平均回收率达 91 6% ,标准偏差小于 7 3 %。结论　此法对实际样品的测定证明可满足氟乙酰胺鼠药中毒的定性定量要求。     

GC-MS/MS测定血液中巴比妥类安眠药物

建立GC-MS/MS测定血液中巴比妥类安眠药物的分析方法。方法通过固相萃取提取并富集血液样品中常见巴比妥类安眠药物,采用离子阱二级质谱定性并定量检测其含量,并优化萃取溶液pH值与气相色谱/二级质谱联用分析条件,对巴比妥类安眠药物进行定量分析。结果巴比妥类安眠药物检出限为0.04μg/mL～0.10μg/mL,回收率为80.3%～92.6%。结论该方法高效、简单,灵敏度高,可用于血液中巴比妥类安眠药物同时定性定量检测。     

吗啡及其代谢物在藏毒致死者体内分布初探

目的采用固相萃取、液相色谱一串联质谱（LC-MS／MS）检验方法,考察吗啡和葡萄糖醛酸吗啡（M3G）在一例体内藏毒致急性死亡者体内分布情况。方法提取死者心血、尿、胃内容物、肝、肾、脑等15种检材,经Waters HLB小柱固相萃取后,C18色谱柱分离,采用电喷雾电离（ESI）、多反应监测模式（MRM）检测目标化合物。结果所建方法在0．0l～101μg／mL浓度范围内线性关系良好,提取回收率大于75％。结果显示总吗啡含量（游离态＋结合态）在胃内容物中最高,其次是尿、‘肾,在心血、胃组织、肺和腺体中居中,脑组织和心脏含量最低。结论本例检验结果验证了胃内容物、尿液和肾脏等是该类中毒案件的理想检材,其分布规律也可作为体内毒品分析实验依据。     

全血中氯霉素的固相萃取方法

目的建立全血中氯霉素的固相萃取方法。方法在空白血中添加标准氯毒素,采用HLB、MCX固相柱萃取,HPLC法测定了线性范围、精密度、回收率。结果回收率分别为：HLB为69.1%,RSD为6.21%,MCX为70.1%,RSD为4.34%。标准工作曲线Y=18.1094X-0.4822,相关系数r=0.9999,线性范围1.0-20.0ug/L,最小检出量3ng。标准添加工作曲线Y=-2.1165X＋14.0459,相关系数r=0.9996,最小检出限0.5μg/mL（S/N=10∶1）。结论此二种萃取柱均可用于氯霉素的固相萃取。     

Applicability of succinylmonocholine as a marker for succinylcholine administration--comparative analysis of samples from a fatal succinylcholine-intoxication versus postmortem control specimens

Doubts concerning the applicability of succinylmonocholine (SMC) as a succinylcholine (SUX) marker have been issued. A comparative analysis of previously discussed tissues, i.e. brain, liver and kidney, was conducted to further elucidate this question by searching for diagnostically useful differences in analyte content in samples of SUX- versus non-SUX-associated fatalities. Furthermore, possible advantages of vitreous humor as a novel and promising target matrix for SUX analytics were assessed. Sample material of SUX-negative controls as well as the fatal SUX-intoxication was derived from frozen archive material and current autopsies. Samples were analyzed according to a modified protocol of a previously published and validated method employing ion-pairing solid-phase extraction and subsequent HPLC-MS/MS analysis. Standard addition was employed for quantification as well as an estimation of the analytical limits of the method. In all tested matrices, the method was proven to be sufficiently sensitive for the intended application. No indication of native SMC was found in controls of fresh tissues, nor in fresh or frozen vitreous humor. However, most of the samples were found to be positive for a previously reported interference with SMC's main ion transition, thereby falsely suggesting an SMC content of up to 139 ng/g, 126 ng/g, 165 ng/g and 93 ng/ml in brain, liver, kidney and vitreous humor, respectively. Contrasting the results for fresh sample material, SMC was detectable in some of the initially non-putrefied liver samples after long-term storage, as well as in massively decomposed SUX-negative control bodies. In this context, a microbial origin of the analyte may be assumed. All tissues as well as the vitreous humor of the fatal SUX-intoxication were negative for SUX and SMC. Just like serum, tissue and vitreous humor samples therefore do not allow a reliable diagnosis of a SUX-intoxication: in tissues this is due to the pronounced instability of both target analytes in these esterase-containing matrices, for vitreous humor an additional reason could be their insufficient incorporation into this medium.     

Examination of the effect of dose-death interval on detection of meperidine exposure in decomposed skeletal tissues using microwave-assisted extraction

The effect of dose-death interval and tissue distribution on the detection of meperidine in selected skeletal tissues was examined using a rapid microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) methodology. Rats (n=14) were dosed with 0 (n=2) or 30 mg/kg (n=12) meperidine (i.p.). Drug-positive rats were sacrificed with CO(2) after 20, 30, 90 and 150 min (n=3 per group). Heart blood was collected immediately after death. Tibiae were excised and frozen for further analysis. The remaining carcasses were allowed to decompose outside in secured cages to the point of complete skeletonization in a rural Northern Ontario location during the late summer months. Vertebrae and pelvi were collected for each animal. Tibial marrow was homogenized in 3 mL PB6 (phosphate buffer, 0.1M, pH 6). Fresh tibiae, and decomposed vertebrae and pelvi were cleaned in PB8.5 (phosphate buffer, 0.1M, pH 8.5) and sonicated to remove remaining soft tissue. Samples of dried, ground bone (0.5-1g) suspended in 2 mL PB6 were then irradiated in a domestic microwave oven (1100 W) at atmospheric pressure for 15 min. Samples of vertebral bone (1g) were also extracted by passive incubation in methanol (3 mL, 50°C, 72 h). All supernatants then underwent solid-phase extraction and analysis by GC/MS, using electron impact ionization in the Selected Ion Monitoring (SIM) mode. Mean GC/MS responses for each tissue type were negatively correlated with dose-death interval, with correlation coefficients ranging from -0.32 to -0.87. Analysis of variance showed dose-death interval to be a main effect (p<0.05) with respect to GC/MS response for blood, marrow, tibial epiphyses prepared by MAE, and vertebral bone prepared by passive extraction, but not for tibial diaphyses, pelvi or vertebrae prepared by MAE. Overall, MAE is advantageous as a rapid extraction tool for screening purposes in skeletal tissues, but assignment of significance to quantitative expressions of skeletal drug concentrations is complex and should be approached with caution.     

肝中对硫磷的固相萃取—电子捕获检测气相色谱分析法

目的建立肝中对硫磷的快速、灵敏、可靠的GC／ECD分析方法。方法肝匀浆加内标甲基对硫磷,用乙腈浸提,浸提液加6％高氯酸稀释,稀释的上清液用GDX403树脂进行固相提取,提取物用HP-5色谱柱和电子捕获检测器进行气相色谱分析。结果提取率92.3％,检测限7.8ng／g,线性范围0.04～4.0μg／g,回收率99.6％±6.2％(Mean±CV,n=5)。结论方法简便、灵敏适合于实际案件检验。     

SPE—GC／MS、GC／NPD法检测血液中苯丙胺类毒品

目的利用GC／MS、GC／NPD与固相萃取（SPE）技术相结合,建立血液中苯丙胺类毒品的定性定量分析方法。方法采用Bond—ElutCerti{y固相柱、甲醇淋洗、二氯甲烷／异丙醇／氨水（78／20／2）洗脱固相萃取分离提取,比较了不同PH体系、稀释状态、洗脱溶剂对提取回收率的影响,建立血液中苯丙胺类毒品的GC／MS、GC／NPD定性定量分析方法。结果以GC／NPD分析AM、MA、MDA和MDMA浓度在15ng／mL-2000ng／mL、10ng／mL～1600ng／mL、20ng／mL-3000ng／ml、20ng／mL-3000ng／mL范围内线性关系良好,AM、MA、MDA和MDMA的检测限分别为10ng／mL、8ng／mL、15ng／mL、15ng／mL,方法平均回收率大于85％,标准偏差小于5％,GC／MS-Scan检测限分别为40ng／mL、32．0ng／mL、60．0ng／mL、60．0ng／mL。结论此方法可满足苯丙胺类毒品滥用者的血液定性定量分析。     

GC/MS、GC/NPD法检测血液中氯胺酮

目的利用GC/MS、GC/NPD与固相萃取（SPE）技术相结合,建立血液中氯胺酮的定性定量分析方法。方法选择4-苯基丁胺为内标,采用Bond-Elut Certify固相柱萃取、二氯甲烷：异丙醇：氨水（78∶20∶2,v/v/v）洗脱的固相萃取分离技术,比较不同pH体系、洗脱溶剂对回收率的影响,建立血液中氯胺酮的GC/MS、GC/NPD定性定量分析方法。结果以GC/NPD分析氯胺酮在6.0～5000ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,GC/MS-Scan定性检测限为20.0ng/mL。方法平均回收率达96.9%,标准偏差小于5%。结论此方法可满足氯胺酮毒品滥用者血液定性定量分析。     

Fatal intoxication following self-administration of a massive dose of buprenorphine

Several drug packages, including Subutex (high-dose buprenorphine, as sublingual tablets) boxes, were found near the corpse of a 25-year-old male drug addict, who apparently had committed suicide. The autopsy revealed a fatal respiratory depression. The toxicological investigations concluded that death resulted from massive burpienorphine intoxication. The determination of buprenorphine (BU) and norbuprenorphine (NBU) in all biological specimens was performed by liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry (LC-ES-MS) after hydrolysis (for solid tissues), deproteinization of the matrices, and solid-phase extraction of the compounds. Exceptionally high concentrations of BU and NBU were found in blood (3.3 and 0.4 mg/L, respectively), urine (3.4 and 0.6 mg/L), bile (2035 and 536 mg/L and brain (6.4 a nd 3.9 microg/g). The high concentration of BU (899 mg/L) and the absence of NBU in gastric liquid suggested oral intake. High concentrations of amino-7-flunitra/epam, the main metabolite of flunitra/epam, were also found in blood, urine and gastric liquid. This benzodiazepine may have been a co-factor in the toxic effects of BU.