涉外经济犯罪若干侦查措施探析

涉外经济犯罪的侦查必须加强国际司法合作,适时采取诸如通缉、边控、境外缉捕等紧急性侦查措施,同时要加强技术防范,逐步建立高效的针对涉外经济犯罪的情报信息系统。     

缉捕行动中的“默契”之剖析

现代缉捕行动，特别是针对突发性、暴力性、群体性犯罪的缉捕行动，仅凭警察一人作为独立实施主体的单警缉捕之传统作战模式，已难以胜任，多警、多警种、多警力单位协同缉捕、合成作战，遂成为必然。而作为其关节点之一的“默契”，则尤显重要。     

刑警缉捕行动的指挥

缉捕行动指挥的基本特点指挥的执法性刑警缉捕犯罪嫌疑人是一种执法行为,指挥活动必须围绕执法目的而进行,同时必须在法律法规授权的范围内实施强制措施和手段,这是缉捕行动指挥最鲜明的特征．     

猎狐2014

7月22日至年底,公安部部署全国公安机关集中开展“猎狐2014”专项行动,缉捕在逃境外经济犯罪嫌疑人。2008年以来,全国公安机关先后从54个国家和地区成功将730余名重大经济犯罪嫌疑人缉捕回国。携款向境外跑路的贪官、非法集资者、诈骗者等一般会选择什么地点藏匿？公安机关缉捕境外在逃人员一般会履行什么样的程序,面临怎样的国际合作难题？“一些外逃嫌疑人牵涉腐败犯罪,能否到案,直接关系着反腐败斗争的深人开展。”     

试论腐败犯罪调查国际合作机制建设

腐败犯罪调查国际合作机制,是指在腐败犯罪调查中,依据有关公约、条约或国内法,在不同国家或不同法域间开展的刑事调查、缉捕犯罪嫌疑人、追缴赃款等事项的相互支持、配合,以及建立的有关制度、采取的具体措施。     

缉捕在逃犯罪嫌疑人应实行分级督捕制度

1998年初,公安部修改了刑事案件的破案标准。修改后的破案标准是:(1)有证据证明犯罪事实是犯罪嫌疑人实施的;(2)主要犯罪事实已经基本查清,基本证据已经获取;(3)犯罪嫌疑人或主要犯罪嫌疑人必须抓获。同时具备上述三个条件的,才能称为破案。其中,犯罪嫌疑人或主要犯罪疑人已经抓获是指:一人作案的犯罪嫌疑人必须抓获;二人共同作案的,主要犯罪嫌疑人必须抓获;三人以上共同作案的,主要犯罪嫌疑人必须抓获;犯罪集团作案的,首要分子和主要实施犯罪的犯罪嫌疑人必须抓获。破案新标准的施行,对公安机关严格依法办案提出了更高的要求,并将缉捕在逃犯罪嫌疑人提到了侦查破案工作的突出位置。     

别把＂钓鱼执法＂用在人民身上

追根溯源，我们所称的钓鱼执法其实就是刑事侦查中的所谓警察陷阱，也称警察圈套、侦查陷阱、陷阱取证，是指在侦查刑事犯罪案件的过程中，侦查人员为了取得犯罪证据，特意创造某种机会和条件，诱使、暗示犯罪嫌疑人实施犯罪活动，或者为其犯罪活动提供某种便利，从而获得犯罪证据并缉捕犯罪嫌疑人的侦查手段。     

论清代的缉捕制度

清代对缉捕主体、缉捕运作细则、缉捕中的权限、缉获后处理等进行规制。为有效将人犯缉获,编织了一个由承缉、接缉、协缉、通缉、督缉组成的严密的缉捕网络。然而,缉捕网络本身不能运行,需依靠缉捕主体的积极推动。赏罚作为一种激励机制,可以调动缉捕主体的积极性。清代缉捕制度有得有失。规制详密,重视效率,注重程序,这是其得。处分过于繁密,立法之失,在一定程度上又不利于缉捕的有效运行。     

浅析缉捕战术的类型与程序

人民警察在缉捕犯罪嫌疑人时,应根据情况选择缉捕战术类型和缉捕战术程序,从而保证自身安全,顺利完成缉捕任务。     

论缉捕严重暴力犯罪分子的行动要领

缉捕行动,最棘手的莫过于对严重暴力犯罪分子的缉捕,因为这类犯罪分子手中大多有强杀伤性的武器如枪支、爆炸物等,且他们大多是反社会心理强烈,心狠手毒,血债累累的亡命之徒,在被缉捕过程中往往拒捕行凶。缉捕行动稍有不慎,极易造成无辜群众和缉捕人员的伤亡。这就要求对这类犯罪分子的缉捕     

THE IDENTIFICATION OF "CAREER CRIMINALS" FROM "CHRONIC OFFENDERS" IN A COHORT

The findings by Wolfgang et al. that 6.3% of their cohort had 52% of the recorded police contacts is well known. This retrospective analysis has been used to suggest that imprisoning these "chronic" offenders will avert a correspondingly disproportionate amount of crime. On prospective analysis of the arrest histories, however, the recidivism probability is found to be constant after the third contact, suggesting that prior record has little predictive value regarding future criminality. These observations raise important questions about the benefits of "career criminal" programs and their incapacitative effects.     

唐律“格杀勿论”渊流考

"格杀勿论"在《唐律》中有3条:第一,允许主家登时格杀"夜无故入人家";第二,允许将吏可以格杀持杖拒捕者或逃犯;第三,允许"旁人"在捕格贼盗、强奸、和奸案时将拒捕者格杀。唐律"格杀勿论"渊源于秦汉甚至更早的法律,经过宋元时期的发展,明律删除"傍人皆得捕系"条,又增加"杀死奸夫"的法律规定。清代,"杀死奸夫"的律条通过不断地增修条例,使奸案中"格杀勿论"的条款更加纷繁复杂。     

Analysis of 683 drug packages seized from "body stuffers"

The wrappings and contents of 683 drug containers (bubbles) seized from 154 street dealers have been analysed since 2001, when the law enforcement policy in Hamburg, Germany, allowed the application of emetics to be used by so-called body stuffers for the recovery of swallowed drug packages. Of the bubbles recovered 96% contained cocaine. Cases of intoxication have not yet been observed but a 20-year-old man with a previously unknown toxic cardiomyopathy died 3 days after a sudden cardiac arrest which followed the forced application of ipecacuanha via correctly placed nasogastral tube.     

Electrocution--autopsy study with emphasis on "electrical petechiae"

Fatalities caused by electrocution (n = 37) were re-examined on the basis of the autopsy records, the police reports and the technical expertise. Accidents including two lightning deaths caused 2/3rd and suicides 1/4th of the fatalities and there were two homicides. Carelessness or ignorance were a major reason for accidental deaths while technical defects could be verified in five cases only. Low-voltage ac and male victims predominated. Electrical burns or current marks were detected in 81% including all high voltage electrocutions. The seven victims lacking burns were electrocuted in a wet environment including six cases of suicide in the bathtub with a hair drier. Petechial haemorrhages were present in 74% of the cases and the favourite sites were the skin of the eyelids, conjunctivae, visceral pleura, and the epicard. The presence of petechiae did not depend on the voltage or the current pathway relative to the heart. It is, therefore, suggested that the petechiae are not caused by asphyxia but by a combination of venous congestion due to cardiac arrest and a sudden rise in blood pressure induced by muscle contractions. Consequently, "electrical petechiae" represent a non-specific but typical finding in electrocution irrespective of the mechanism leading to death. Unlike electrical burns, petechiae also indicate the vital origin of the events. The relevance of this typical morphological sign in the examination of possible electrocution fatalities is therefore emphasised.     

逮捕制度改革的两条道路及其反思——以逮捕功能异化现象为立论基点

在我国司法实践中,逮捕的适用已异化为定罪的前奏,逮捕所引发的未决羁押也已异化为刑罚的预支。对此,目前存在着两种不同的改革思路:一种是否定现状,试求回复逮捕作为强制措施本质的"强制措施化"改革模式;另一种是默认现状,试求对逮捕适用程序进行诉讼化改革,以提升逮捕质量的方式减少其功能异化所造成的危害,即"逮捕诉讼化"的改革模式。前者虽在理论上具有毋庸置疑的正当性,但实践中却面临一系列障碍;后者虽颇受立法与司法实践青睐,但该种理念却以默认逮捕实体化为前提,其理论正当性却面临质疑。     

An evaluation of <Emphasis Type="Underline">Payton v. New York</Emphasis>

The Supreme Court decision in Payton v. New York (1980) is evaluated. In this cose, the. Court remanded to the trial level tribunal a case in which an arrest was made and evidence was seized without a warrant. The author discusses the case thoroughly and compares the decision to other cases which dealt with the warrantless arrest and seizure of evidence. The author questions if the Court is becoming “too technical” in its interpretation of the 4th Amendment and poses once again the perennial question; “Where is the line drawn between protecting the nights of society from criminals and protecting the rights of criminals from judicial interpretation?”     

Arrest and the Amplification of Deviance: Does Gang Membership Moderate the Relationship?

Although research has found that gang suppression efforts are largely ineffective, these policies have been responsible for the arrests of many gang youth. Prior research indicates that arrest is associated with deleterious consequences, but we know less about how arrest uniquely affects gang members. Using longitudinal data from a school-based sample, this study explores the effects of arrest for both gang and nongang youth. Propensity score matching and matched outcome analyses allow us to determine whether gang membership moderates the effect of arrest on later deviant outcomes. Our results indicate that the consequences of arrest are inconsistent with the goals of suppression tactics, with gang members reporting little to no change in deviant attitudes and peers and modest increases in delinquency. Meanwhile, nongang youth experience a range of consequences associated with arrest, including increased odds of gang-joining.     

"Natural" death of a person under the care of a custodian

An ambulance service doctor was called to the death of a 76-year-old woman and attested cardiac arrest and psycho-organic brain syndrome as the cause of death on the death certificate. At the second external examination mandatory before cremation, extensive hematomas were detected on the right thorax and multiple haematomas in the face and on the forehead. The autopsy initially ordered by the public health officer revealed serial rib fractures and a fractured skull. After notifying the prosecutor, a forensic autopsy was ordered and death was found to have been caused by fat embolism following massive blunt force to the thorax with serial rib fractures and haematopneumothorax. After that, the adopted son, who had been appointed care custodian for the woman, and his wife were suspected, because they had given contradictory explanations for the injuries. At first, they were only suspected of failure to render assistance, but in the end they were both charged with murder. Only because of the second external examination prescribed by the law still in force could the errors of the improper first external examination be corrected.