提取灰尘指印的方法改进

现场勘查中,常遇到作案人遗留于平面或非平面光滑客体上的加层或减层灰尘指印,一般是先现场照相,后提取。而有些时候由于现场条件的局限,使现场拍照的效果不十分理想,往往需要提取后再次照相。如何提取灰尘指印更有利于再次拍照和长期原貌保存提取,这个问题是长期困扰基层技术工作者的难题,笔者在日常工作实践的基础上,找到了一种操作简单,容易掌握,便于提取后再次拍照,且可长期原貌保存的新方法。报道如下:材料:指纹胶带,硬纸盒(硬烟盒即可),剪刀。方法:将空纸盒用剪刀剪开一个与指纹胶带同宽的长方形窗口。将要提取的灰尘指印用指纹胶带按…     

紫外观察照相系统显现汗液指印的应用

紫外观察照相系统的引进,大大促进了短波紫外照相技术在现场勘查中的应用,使利用该方法快速搜寻现场指印成为可能。但因部分技术人员未能掌握紫外照相的适用范围和技术方法,在使用中存在盲目性和局限性,针对这种情况,本课题紧密结合现场勘查中常遇到的承痕客体,通过比较紫外反射照相方法和常规方法,从而对紫外反射照相提取指印的效果作出评价,将适用客体形象化、具体化,为科学运用该系统在现场勘查中搜寻和提取指印提供有参考价值的依据。1仪器和方法1.1样本客体共分11类48种客体,其中(-)、(+)按表面光滑平整程度依次排列,基本涵盖了常见的…     

2002年《刑事技术》总目录(第151～156期)

国内外刑技动态第二届国际刑警组织DNA用户大会概述２：３在改革中拓展刑事科学技术工作２：６国际反伪造货币研修班简介３：３澳大利亚“第六届国际临床法医学研讨会”概况４：３论著鼠抗人转铁蛋白单链抗体基因的表达１：３中国汉族人耻骨性别判定的研究２：８５０２指印的光学加强方法研究２：１０紫外反射照相显现指印与５０２胶熏显指印方法的比对３：５四肢关节活动度测量方法研究４：５短波紫外反射照相显现胶带粘面潜在指印５：３桡骨性别鉴定的研究５：７抗人血红蛋白胶体金检测试剂条的研制５：１０技术交流血手印显现的实验研…     

紫外系统拍摄氨基黑处理后的血指印1例

2002年8月28日,某区发生一起入室抢劫杀人案。经现场勘查,在卧室柜门上发现了两枚潜血指印,确定为案犯所留。指印客体为棕红色油漆,白光下只能隐约观察到几根纹线。采用氨基黑10B对指印进行染色处理,因缺乏适用分色和光致荧光照相设备,我们尝试使用紫外系统进行提取获得成功(见图1),并据此认定犯罪嫌疑人。实验器材为法国“雷神”紫外系统,254nm带宽滤光片,短波紫外灯,黑白全色片。实验方法:调整光源的角度及距离观察到最佳效果(约45°角)后拍照,光圈f/8,包围曝光,常规程序冲洗。紫外反射技术提取氨基黑处理后血指印,纹线呈亮调,背景呈暗调…     

利用8-羟基喹啉显现胶带粘面上的指印

胶带的广泛使用和胶带面的粘性，造成了胶带粘面上易遗留犯罪嫌疑人的指印，对这类指印的显现方法通常用悬浮液法、炭素墨水法、染色法等。而笔者在实践中发现，利用8羟基喹啉显现胶带粘面上的指印效果较好，经其它方法验证试验很成功，现介绍如下：     

短波紫外反射照相显现铝制板汗液指印效果差异分析

目的 分析短波紫外反射照相显现铝制板框上汗液指印效果差异形成的原因.方法 利用短波紫外反射照相并用不同的打光方式对铝制板框汗液指印进行显现.结果 打光的角度不同,汗液指印的显现效果截然不同,并且在小角度入射的情况下,铝制板框上的汗液指印显现效果和玻璃载玻片上的汗液指印显现效果也明显不同,铝对短波紫外高反射率的特性引起了汗液指印显现效果的不同.结论 针对铝制板类的检材,在利用短波紫外进行汗液指印显现时需要明确不同情况下相应的显现效果.     

胶带胶面上油指印的显现

1994年6月,笔者在勘查一起入室蒙面抢劫案现场时,提取到一黄色胶带。现场其他部位未提取到任何有直接认定犯罪价值的证据,唯一的希望寄托在胶带上。胶带光面上的指印只有几条线并且重叠,没有鉴定价值。胶带胶面上在侧光下观察发现有一指印,在显微镜下观察,系油质指印,直接拍照,反差弱,效果不理想。如何显现胶面上的油指印呢?笔者曾做过处理胶带胶面上汗液手印方面的试验,用生物染色剂法显现时,汗液指印部位与胶面同时吸附染色剂,只是吸附能力不同,受这一实验的启发,对胶带胶面上的油指印进行了试验研究,证明用生物染色剂染胶面法,方法简单,易操作,效果理想。操作方法1.涂抹法:将被显客体放平(可固在一硬板上),胶面向上,     

风化油漆面上无色指印的拍照

1 案例 1988年8月,某市一百货商店经理被杀,现场勘查中提取门框板一块。该板一面为枣红色油漆,一面为淡绿色油漆。此门是罪犯必经之处,经仔细寻找,发现枣红色木板上有指印痕迹,但未发现纹线。先后采用紫外反射、紫外荧光法进行拍照,结果短波紫外荧光照相的效果很好(见图1)。     

短波紫外反射拍照曲面物体上指印的配光角度

本文研究了短波紫外反射拍照各种曲面上指印的光斑和反差与照明角度的关系,提出了拍照各种曲面指印的最佳配光角度和配光技术方法。     

紫外反射照相显现指印与502胶熏显指印方法的比对

目的比较紫外反射照相与502胶熏显两种方法显现指印的成功率,确定在同等条件下优先使用那种显现方法。方法对玻璃、陶瓷、黑白照片上3种类型上的汗液指印,油脂指印和普通指印各100枚,分别用紫外反射拍照显现与502胶熏显,统计两者达到3等级以上的比例,来判断效果的好坏。结果紫外反射照相显现法在3种客体上显现的成功率高于502胶熏显法。结论实验结果为选择指印显现方法提供了科学依据。     

3种提取胶带粘面汗潜指印中DNA的方法比较

目的比较胶带粘面汗潜指印中DNA提取的方法。方法分别采用硅珠法、QIAMicrokit法、硅珠-QIAMicrokit法提取胶带粘面的汗潜指印中DNA,STR复合扩增,荧光电泳检测。结果用QIAMicrokit法、硅珠-QIAMicrokit法提取胶带粘面汗潜指印中DNA,检测成功率分别为21%和36%。硅珠法检测未获成功。结论硅珠-QIAMicrokit法提取胶带粘面汗潜指印中的DNA比QIAMicrokit法,检验时间更短,检测成功率更高。     

偏振光照相显现镜面客体上的潜在指印

目的研究镜面客体上潜在指印的偏振光照相显现方法。方法用偏振光照相分别对普通镜面和CD盘上的油脂指纹、灰尘指印进行显现。结果显现指纹清晰,通过与定向反射、暗视场照相方法进行比较,偏振光照相效果明显好于其他光学方法。结论偏振光照相可以有效地增加指印纹线与背景的亮度反差,消除物体背景干扰。     

胶带粘面手印荧光显现剂的研发与应用

目的根据胶带粘面上潜在手印的特点,利用染料和潜手印的理化性质,研究开发胶带粘面手印荧光显现剂。方法在各种胶带粘面上显现潜在手印,并与常规的碳素墨水染色法进行比较。结果在长波紫外线照射下手印呈黄色明亮荧光,手印纹线清晰、连贯,基本不受手印遗留时间、客体表面颜色和性质的影响。结论胶带粘面上的汗潜手印和血潜手印用荧光显现剂显现效果优于碳素墨水染色法,在实际案件的侦破中有较好的应用前景。     

Nano-scale composition of commercial white powders for development of latent fingerprints on adhesives

Titanium dioxide based powders are regularly used in the development of latent fingerprints on dark surfaces. For analysis of prints on adhesive tapes, the titanium dioxide can be suspended in a surfactant and used in the form of a powder suspension. Commercially available products, whilst having nominally similar composition, show varying levels of effectiveness of print development, with some powders adhering to the background as well as the print.X-ray fluorescence (XRF), analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and laser particle sizing of the fingerprint powders show TiO₂ particles with a surrounding coating, tens of nanometres thick, consisting of Al and Si rich material, with traces of sodium and sulphur. Such aluminosilicates are commonly used as anti-caking agents and to aid adhesion or functionality of some fingerprint powders; however, the morphology, thickness, coverage and composition of the aluminosilicates are the primary differences between the white powder formulations and could be related to variation in the efficacy of print development.     

The spectroscopic detection of exogenous material in fingerprints after development with powders and recovery with adhesive lifters

The application of powders to fingerprints has long been established as an effective and reliable method for developing latent fingerprints. The powders adhere to the ridge pattern of the fingerprint only, thus allowing the image to be visualised. Fingerprints developed in situ at a crime scene routinely undergo lifting with specialist tapes to facilitate subsequent laboratory analysis. As with all recovered evidence these samples would be stored in evidence bags to allow secure transit from the scene to the laboratory and also to preserve the chain of evidence. In this paper, the application of Raman spectroscopy for the analysis of exogenous material in latent fingerprints is reported for contaminated fingerprints that had been treated with powders and also subsequently lifted with adhesive tapes. A selection of over the counter (OTC) analgesics were used as samples for the analysis and contaminated fingerprints were deposited on clean glass slides. The application of aluminium or iron based powders to contaminated fingerprints did not interfere with the Raman spectra obtained for the contaminants. In most cases background fluorescence attributed to the sebaceous content of the latent fingerprint was reduced by the application of the powder thus reducing spectral interference. Contaminated fingerprints developed with powders and then lifted with lifting tapes were also examined. The combination of these two techniques did not interfere with the successful analysis of exogenous contaminants by Raman spectroscopy. The lifting process was repeated using hinge lifters. As the hinge lifters exhibited strong Raman bands the spectroscopic analysis was more complex and an increase in the number of exposures to the detector allowed for improved clarification. Raman spectra of developed and lifted fingerprints recorded through evidence bags were obtained and it was found that the detection process was not compromised in any way. Although the application of powders did not interfere with the detection process the time taken to locate the contaminant was increased due to the physical presence of more material within the fingerprint. The presence of interfering Raman bands from lifting tapes is another potential complication. This, however, could be removed by spectral subtraction or by the choice of lifting tapes that have only weak Raman bands.     

Use of nitrogen cryogun for separating duct tape and recovery of latent fingerprints with a powder suspension method

Duct tape is sometimes recovered as physical evidence in crimes. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of latent prints on the adhesive and non-adhesive surfaces of duct tape samples that were separated using three methods. Three hundred donor fingerprint impressions were deposited on duct tape. Sections of duct tape were affixed to sections of cardboard and a fingerprint placed on the non-adhesive surface of the tape. A second layer of duct tape was prepared and a fingerprint placed on the adhesive side of the tape and then the tape was affixed to the piece of tape on the cardboard. After a 24-h period, the samples were separated using gradual force, liquid nitrogen applied with a cryogun and an adhesive neutralizer to separate the layers of tape. The recovered fingerprints were processed with a fingerprint powder suspension method. The recovered fingerprint images were evaluated and rated as +1, +2, or +3. The liquid nitrogen spray separation method yielded the highest number of +3 prints.     

低温荧光法显现汗潜指纹初探

目的　探索汗潜指纹显现的新方法。方法　利用低温荧光摄影方法加强指纹沉积物的固有荧光强度 ,来提高汗潜指纹显现的成功率。结果　在 4 1 5nm波段激发下用黄滤色镜拍摄指纹的显现效果最好。结论　低温荧光法是一种有效的潜指纹显现的技术手段     

暗视场照明与分色照相配合显现指印

目的研究彩色光滑客体上指印的显现方法。方法用暗视场照明和分色照相配合的方法对4种彩色木板上指印进行了显现。结果实验结果表明了暗视场照明和分色照相方法能够有效显现出彩色光滑客体上的潜在指印。结论拓宽了暗视场照明显现指印的范围,同时为彩色光滑客体上指印的显现提供了一种新的方法。