新时期网络犯罪管辖权研究

发生在网络虚拟空间的网络犯罪对于传统刑事案件管辖权的冲击是巨大的,随着网络的进一步普及,网络犯罪必将呈上升趋势,势必造成更多的司法管辖冲突,解决这一问题已成当务之急.现阶段我国对于涉及网络犯罪管辖权的主流观点是,网络案件行为(上传、下载、操作计算机)在国内发生,或者,发生在网络的案件只要对于我国内可以产生影响,都可认为是犯罪行为,结果有一项发生在我国领域内,我国享有管辖权;网络服务提供者的网站所在地、下载地、操作计算机地、甚至是网页的浏览地等均可以作为犯罪地.针对网络犯罪管辖权难以确定问题,学界提出了:新主权理论、管辖权相对论、最低限度联系原则、网址管辖论、属地管辖权的扩大原则等.通过分析网络犯罪管辖权的概念特征、吸收学界成熟观点,笔者认为,以扩大传统刑事管辖权的属地管辖权原则为基础,"便利"原则为补充,在处理国际刑事案件管辖权冲突问题时还应把握相关禁止性原则,同时加强国际司法协助,能够解决现阶段网络刑事案件管辖权难以确定的问题.据此提出我国网络犯罪管辖权制度的初步设计,以期对于以后的预防与打击网络犯罪有所帮助.     

在线传播淫秽物品犯罪与对策

本文对在线传播淫秽物品的具体犯罪行为进行分析后,对在虚拟空间(因特网)中传播淫秽物品犯罪的行为地进行了研讨,指出传播淫秽物品行为的网络用户所在地、传播淫秽物品行为的网络用户终端所在地、因特网服务提供商所在地均是其犯罪行为地,并认为只有传播淫秽物品行为的网络用户才是罪犯,而且对在线传播淫秽物品犯罪提出了相应的社会对策和司法对策.     

论地域管辖中“犯罪地”的解释问题

刑事诉讼法的规范依赖干法解释技术而生效,因此对刑事诉讼法之中的诸多概念、术语作出合理的解释和阐释,方能构建刑事程序法治化的微观基础。站在刑事诉讼法解释学的立场上,我国《刑事诉讼法》第24条规定的"犯罪地"管辖原则,其中所谓"犯罪地"一词,应当解释为包括"犯罪结果地"、"犯罪预备地",而不应包括"被害人所在地"、"销赃地"以及"犯罪嫌疑人被抓获地"。在毒品犯罪、网络犯罪、手机短信诈骗犯罪等特殊类型案件的中,对"犯罪地"一词,可允许作适当的扩张解释。     

对我国网络犯罪刑事管辖权的探讨

随着网络技术的日趋成熟、网络用户的激增，网络空间的影响力越来越大，网络犯罪成为犯罪的一种新的形式，面对日益严重的网络犯罪，笔者从网络犯罪的特性出发。分析网络犯罪对现有刑事管辖权的冲击，最后对网络犯罪刑事管辖权理论的架构提出几点设想。     

网络犯罪原因及其防治对策

网络犯罪是区别于传统犯罪类型的新型犯罪,伴随着当代社会对计算机依赖程度的日益提高以及网络空间的无限拓展,网络犯罪日渐增多,由于其犯罪手段的特殊性和巨大的社会危害性,已引起社会广泛关注。本文通过探讨网络犯罪的概念,分析网络犯罪的原因,并在此基础上有针对性地提出相应的防控对策,以期为认识、防控网络犯罪提供参考。     

青少年网络犯罪研究

青少年网络犯罪是青少年利用和针对网络实施的犯罪,它是网络犯罪的有机组成部分和主流。其严重地危害了网络及信息的安全与秩序,既影响了社会稳定,也不利于青少年的健康成长。造成这一现状的原因是多方面的,我们应针对这些情况从家庭、制度以及相关的管理入手,通过一系列立法、执法措施,建立一整套全面规范的防范体系,从根本上杜绝青少年网络犯罪的发生、扩大。     

浅析网络犯罪同计算机犯罪之异同

随着网络运用的日益普遍,犯罪分子在因特网上开辟了新的犯罪平台,由于网络犯罪必须通过计算机来实现,很多人误以为网络犯罪即计算机犯罪。本文首先介绍了国内外对计算机犯罪和网络犯罪概念提出的界定,然后阐述了计算机犯罪和网络犯罪的异同。     

浅析青少年网络犯罪

青少年网络犯罪的增加和低龄化是当今社会的一个重要问题。预防和减少青少年网络犯罪,需要社会关注和各方面密切配合,采取切实可行的措施和办法。本文首先论述青少年网络犯罪的特点,然后分析青少年网络犯罪的原因,最后分析青少年网络犯罪的对策。     

把握网络犯罪特点,做到对症下药

加强网络管理,打击网络犯罪是一项系统工程,需要社会各方面的通力合作。但就司法机关而言,要建立一套有效的制裁和防范网络犯罪的机制,关键是要认识网络犯罪的特点,采取针对性的措施。网络犯罪作为一种特殊环境下的新型犯罪行为,除网络盗窃、黑客攻击、网络淫秽色情等直接在网上实施的违法犯罪外,各类传统违法犯罪的嫌疑人也正在越来越多地利用互联网。     

青少年网络犯罪及其防控

本文以青少年网络犯罪为主题,结合犯罪学和法学相关的专业知识,在界定青少年网络犯罪定义的基础上,从青少年的自身、家庭、学校以及社会各个因素来分析青少年网络犯罪的成因,并针对这几方面的原因,有的放矢地提出相应的防控对策,科学系统地剖析青少年网络犯罪现象。     

浅议涉外网络名誉侵权案件的管辖权问题

涉外网络名誉侵权行为的实施地不易确定,损害结果地为数众多,传统民事管辖权的规则面临挑战,目前国际上在理论和司法实践中存在着不同的观点和做法。我国立法也没有明确的规定。针对网络名誉侵权行为的特点,网络名誉侵权案件应由侵权行为地法院或被告住所地法院管辖,侵权行为地包括实施被诉侵权行为的网络服务器、计算机终端等设备所在地和受害人受损害的结果地,损害结果地是指诽谤言论的传播地,同时又是原告的住所地或居所地或工商营业所所在地或法人的营业地,如果侵权行为地和损害结果地不一致,由原告选择管辖法院。     

网络共同犯罪之我见

网络共同犯罪是以网络为空间背景或者侵犯对象的特殊犯罪形态,与传统共同犯罪有着显著的区别。在网络共同犯罪的主观方面,行为人之间的意思联络一般通过网络形成,体现出不确定性和隐密性的特点;在犯罪的客观方面,共同犯罪行为中的实行行为必须依赖于网络完成,包含了很强的技术色彩。同时,网络的虚拟性和技术性特征也使共同犯罪人中的正犯、帮助犯、教唆犯的行为形式发生了新的变化。     

网络化传统型犯罪的侦查

我国目前网络化传统型犯罪的现状不容乐观,网络化传统型犯罪不属于刑法中的计算机犯罪,也不能等同于网络犯罪。对网络化传统犯罪的侦查存在管辖、定性、取证、程序等多方面的问题。完善立法,加强侦查方法和程序的研究,强化侦查协作,重视对网络化传统型犯罪的预防是网络化传统犯罪侦查的基本策略与措施。     

The law of concentrations of crime at place: the case of Tel Aviv-Jaffa

Weisburd, Groff, and Yang argue that there is a ‘law of concentrations of crime at place’ within cities. In this paper, we provide a test for this proposition in Tel Aviv-Jaffa. We found that crime concentrations at street segments in 2010 were remarkably similar to those observed in American cities. About 4.5% of the street segments produced approximately 50% of the crime, and about 1% of street segments produced 25% of crime. Our study provides important verification of the broad applicability of the law of crime concentrations at place.     

STREET NETWORK STRUCTURE AND CRIME RISK: AN AGENT‐BASED INVESTIGATION OF THE ENCOUNTER AND ENCLOSURE HYPOTHESES

Street networks shape day‐to‐day activities in complex ways, dictating where, when, and in what contexts potential victims, offenders, and crime preventers interact with one another. Identifying generalizable principles of such influence offers considerable utility to theorists, policy makers, and practitioners. Unfortunately, key difficulties associated with the observation of these interactions, and control of the settings within which they take place, limit traditional empirical approaches that aim to uncover mechanisms linking street network structure with crime risk. By drawing on parallel advances in the formal analyses of street networks and the computational modeling of crime events interactions, we present a theoretically informed and empirically validated agent‐based model of residential burglary that permits investigation of the relationship between street network structure and crime commission and prevention through guardianship. Through the use of this model, we explore the validity of competing theoretical accounts of street network permeability and crime risk—the encounter (eyes on the street) and enclosure (defensible space) hypotheses. The results of our analyses provide support for both hypotheses, but in doing so, they reveal that the relationship between street network permeability and crime is likely nonlinear. We discuss the ramifications of these findings for both criminological theory and crime prevention practice.     

网络“裸聊”行为之刑法规制

裸聊是网络色情现象的一种重要表现形式，裸聊行为是否构成犯罪应具体问题具体分析。部分裸聊行为如发生在单个成年人之间、发生在隐蔽场所的，因不会扰乱社会秩序，可以不作为犯罪处理；裸聊不构成聚众淫乱罪应当定性为传播淫秽物品罪。而网络裸聊是具有严重社会危害性的行为，极易诱发未成年人犯罪，严重破坏社会道德风尚，引发家庭矛盾，导致社会不安定，我们应当用刑法来加以禁止。     

Overview of: “Crime Place and Pollution: Expanding Crime Reduction Options Through a Regulatory Approach”

Research Summary Crime reduction policy has focused almost exclusively on offenders. Recent studies and evaluations show that expanding our policy portfolio to include places may be highly productive. We show that there is considerable research showing that crime is concentrated at a relatively few locations, that high-crime places are stable, that changing places can reduce crime, that displacement is not only far from inevitable but also less likely than the diffusion of crime prevention benefits, and that owners of high-crime places can be held accountable for the criminogenic conditions of their locations. We link these findings to environmental policy, where environmental scientists, economists, and regulators have developed a broad set of regulatory options. The core of this article describes a portfolio of environmental policy instruments directly applicable to crime places. We also discuss major decisions local governments will need to make to implement various forms of regulation, and we list challenges that governments must anticipate in planning for such implementation. We argue that a regulatory approach to crime places has the potential to lower the cost to taxpayers of reducing crime by shifting costs from governments to the relatively few place owners whose actions create crime-facilitating conditions. Policy Implications Taking a regulatory approach to crime places substantially expands the crime policy options under consideration. Regulatory options may increase local governments’ effectiveness at reducing crime while reducing governments’ costs. This is because regulatory approaches have the potential to shift some portion of the financial burden for crime fighting to owners of criminogenic locations. Policy makers can select between means-based anticrime regulations that focus on how place owners manage their locations and ends-based regulations that focus on the number of crimes allowed at places. Both of these approaches contain several alternative regulatory instruments, each with its own set of advantages and disadvantages. Experimenting with various regulatory instruments could lead to the development of a range of new crime reduction policies. In addition, a regulatory approach has implications for the funding of policy research. Means-based regulatory instruments require governments to develop evidence that the means they regulate have the desired impact on crime. Ends-based regulatory instruments shift this burden to the regulated places.     

Sexual offenders’ treatment experience: a qualitative and quantitative investigation

Abstract

This research investigates the where and when of sexual assaults to determine what types of sexual crimes are committed at different time and place classifications. Exhaustive CHAID (chi-squared automatic interaction detection) analyses are conducted, examining factors associated with crimes that were committed indoors or outdoors, in private or public places, during the day or at night, and during the week or on the weekend. These methods are applied to a sample of 361 sexual crime events committed by 72 serial sex offenders. The results are strikingly different dependent on which spatial or temporal aspect of the crime is examined, which implies the complexity of sexual crime events and their situational components. This research brings to light possible policy implications with respect to situational crime prevention.     

论网络赌博罪的认定及其立法建构

网络赌博罪是一种新型犯罪形式,凭借其犯罪成本低、风险小、利润丰厚等优势,而在全球迅速蔓延.相对于传统赌博罪来说,网络赌博犯罪隐蔽性更强、监控难度更大、犯罪来势更猛、危害后果更重.网络赌博罪的构成要件有其自身的独特性,不易认定,再加之现行刑法对此规范不明确,其已成为一种危害严重但又打击不力的犯罪.对此,我国必须尽快完善赌博罪的构成要件和法定刑,积极寻求刑事法律冲突的国际协调和合作,以合理组织对此类犯罪的反应.