我国城乡一体化过程中的农民工养老保险制度探析

在我国城乡一体化进程中,逐步完善农民工养老保险制度是2020年全面建成小康社会的重要保障。本文概述了农民工的概念和基本特征,在分析国内外关于农民工养老保险制度研究的热点和难点的基础上,提出了完善农民工养老保险制度的建议。     

河南省农民工养老保险制度的实施困境及其对策初探

完善农民工养老保险制度,直接关系到农民工养老权益的保障和我国“三化”进程的实现.从目前河南省农民工养老保险的实际情况来看,现有政策虽在一定程度上体现了社会公平的原则,但仍存在诸多制度困境,阻碍了农民工养老保险的实现;同时,农民工主体性实现面临自我约束和社会约束双重困境,影响了农民工参保的积极性.因此,需要进一步完善农民工养老保险的制度建设,创建农民工参与养老保险主体性实现的条件,以便提升农民工养老保险的实施效果.     

浅析农民工养老保险转移接续及退保问题

在目前我国养老保险制度不断完善的情况下,农民工由于工作的不稳定性和流动性,养老保险转移接续的问题成为当前农民工迫切需要解决的首要问题,养老保险转续中遇到的困难和障碍是大多数农民工最终选择退出养老保险的主要原因,这在极大程度上损害了农民工的保障权益。因此,解决农民工养老保险转移接续和退保问题是国家和政府迫切需要解决的当务之急。     

社会转型视野下农民工养老保险权利的法律救济:以去私法化为中心

依照我国法律农民工享有养老保险权利,但是在法律实施的过程中,农民工养老保险制度出现了私法化的趋势,导致农民工养老保险权利从强制性保险变成了任意性保险,甚至从社会保险变成了商业保险。同时,很多省高级人民法院相继出台司法政策,规定在用人单位没有为农民工缴纳养老保险费的情况下,法院只受理赔偿社会保险损失的争议,而不再受理补缴社会保险费争议。这一做法实际上是用私法上的方法来解决具有公法性质的社会保险争议,其结果必然会造成农民工在养老保险权利受到侵害时得不到充分有效的法律救济。只有尽快建立全国统一的养老保险制度,才能从根本上消除农民工养老保险制度私法化的根源。     

农民工养老保险异地转续的主要障碍和对策分析

十七届三中全会提出加强农村社会保障建设,完善农民的各项社会保险制度,实现农民工养老保险异地转续办法是目前我国农村养老保险建设过程的一项重要内容,通过对农民工养老保险异地转续存在障碍问题的分析,旨在为完善我国农民工养老保险的政策制定提出建议.     

关于建立统一的农民工和乡镇企业职工养老保险初探

本文介绍了现有农民工和乡镇企业职工参加养老保险的现状和模式,详实论述了建立统一的农民工和乡镇企业职工养老保险的必要性,。并在讨论了建立统一的农民工和乡镇企业职工养老保险需解决的几大难点后,提出了建立统一的农民工和乡镇企业职工养老保险制度的设想方案。     

我国养老保险制度变革研究

现阶段我国养老保险制度正面临着基金管理、人口老龄化、农村养老、农民工养老等一系列问题的挑战,面对挑战,借鉴国外养老保险和我国商业保险运行的成功经验,结合我国现实,战胜这些挑战的法宝是变革我国现在的养老保险制度,探索新的养老保险制度下劳动者个人、用人单位、银行、政府司法部门等的职能、权责。     

农民工养老保险立法初探

迄今为止,我国尚无一部关于农民工社会保险的全国性专门法规或规章。为了维护其合法权益,应加快农民工养老保险的立法,先设计一个符合其特点的过渡性的养老保险制度方案,在基础养老保险金实行全国统筹之后,再考虑如何逐步将其纳入统一的城镇职工养老保险制度之中。     

论农民工尊严养老的配套制度完善与支撑

本文从农民工养老保险的现状和问题出发,分析了新的城镇企业职工基本养老保险关系转移接续政策给农民工尊严养老带来的新契机,并进一步提出农民工尊严享有养老保险的有关建议以及急需制度的完善与支撑。     

农民工养老保险参保行为及其影响因素分析——基于江苏五市(县)的调查数据

本研究基于江苏五市(县)调查数据,反映了农民工养老保险参保状况与模式,并对影响农民工参保的个体特征、外出打工原因、收入、流动性、制度、留城意愿六个方面的因素给出了解释.调查结果表明,当前农民工养老保险参保率低的问题主要是由制度障碍造成的,包括缴费年限太长、养老关系接续转移困难;个体特征中的性别和年龄影响比较显著,文化程度的影响相对较低;城市之间的流动性对参保行为的显著影响,说明养老关系接续转移存在的困难和农民工对养老保险制度的信任度不高.在进城之前,农民工的个体特征已基本成型,流动性强也是客观事实,因此,要提高农民工养老保险的参保率,须从破除制度障碍入手.     

农民工社会保障制度的法律透析

改革开放以来,农民工问题成了社会各界关注和研究的热点之一。将农民工纳入社会保障立法体系已迫在眉睫,但目前关于农民工社会保障法制建设还比较薄弱。农民工社会保障立法的基础是养老保险制度,重点是医疗保险制度,关键是工伤保险制度,保障是社会救助制度,最终归宿是解决第二代农民工的市民待遇问题。     

新生代农民工市民化的现实困境及对策——以吉林省为例

农民工市民化是提升城镇化水平,加快现代化建设的必然要求,不仅有利于扩大内需,促进经济发展,而且是解决＂三农＂问题的重要突破口,也是构建和谐社会、保持社会稳定的客观需要。目前,新生代农民工已成为农民工的主体,渴望融入城市是他们最大的利益诉求。吉林省应从提高城市综合承载能力,进一步降低和细化进城落户条件,完善社会保障措施以及加大培训力度等方面努力促进新生代农民工市民化。     

平台经济从业者社会保险法律制度的构建

为平台经济从业者构建社会保险制度,可以为其提供合理的基本生存保障,促进平台经济和谐健康发展。引入“类雇员”概念可以为网约工提供类似于劳动者的保障,但是需要结合我国的立法和司法实践,通过分项处理劳动福利制度克服劳动关系认定规则较低的可预见性。网约工对平台企业的经济从属性以及基本权利的辐射效力,可以作为这个群体强制参保社会保险以及“拆包”参保各险种的理论依据。工作时长取自我国现行立法,体现了经济从属性的程度,可以作为网约工强制参保职工社会保险的标准。社会保险各险种对应的基本权利类型有别。基本医疗保险保障了作为核心权利的生命权和健康权,网约工应当强制参保职工基本医疗保险,通过该制度的无过错支付设计和商业意外事故险部分地补偿工作伤害导致的损失。基本养老保险和失业保险不应当作为强制网约工参保的险种,但是应当通过重复保险的基本原理解决网约工以不同身份参保基本养老保险和基本医疗保险之后的待遇给付问题。     

Reversed Solidarity in Pension Plans

There is a unexpected phenomenon in the majority of complementary pension plans in the Netherlands. Unlike other arrangements that are the result of collective bargaining and decision making, these pension plans increase the inequality in the distribution of (lifetime) income. In those plans, persons without a career contribute to the payment of pension provisions of those with a career. Generally speaking, this implies that blue-collar workers and women pay for the pensions of white-collar workers, who are mostly men. For some of the contracting parties, the terms of the pension contract seem to be disadvantageous and suboptimal. The question arises as to why these contracts are being concluded and how they can survive in a competitive environment. Moreover, since the pension plans are the result of collective bargaining between the organisation of employers and the labour unions, the question arises as to how reversed solidarity fits the alleged redistributive goal of the labour unions. The analysis leads to the following conclusions. Firstly, that information and transaction cost, collective agreements, legal barriers and market failures on substitute arrangements prevent the conclusion of optimal contracts. Secondly, employers would find the pension plan attractive because it discourages shirking, enhances productivity and the process of job matching and reduces labour turnover. Thirdly, a pension plan based on final salary is in the interest of the median voter in the labour union, who is older and earns a higher seniority wage than junior workers. Furthermore, in the given circumstances the pension plan enlarges union membership and the dues income of the union and endows the union leadership with more prestige and influence. Individual union members would not oppose such a pension plan for reasons of informational asymmetry, transaction cost and the inability to capture the full benefits of their actions.A comparison of the pension schemes of Belgium, Germany, France and the UK shows that there are large differences in the structure and content of retirement provisions. Reversed solidarity may also be part of the pension plans in Belgium and the UK.     

Project grants for migrant health; proposed rulemaking--Public Health Service. Notice of proposed rulemaking

The Assistant Secretary for Health with the approval of the Secretary of Health and Human Services proposes to revise the regulations governing the Migrant Health Centers grant program. The Health Services and Centers Amendments of 1978 made a number of changes in the statutory requirements governing the operation of the centers. The Amendments, among other things, change pharmacy services from supplemental to primary health services, make former migratory agricultural workers who are disabled eligible for services, establish priority for certain supplemental health services, provide an incentive for maximized collection of fees, permit conversion for certain centers from fee for service to prepaid operations and change the governing board requirements for public centers. The proposed revisions are intended to revise the present regulations consistent with the revised statutory provisions.     

ERISA failures and the erosion of workers' rights: the urgent need to protect private & public workers' pension and benefits

On March 11, 2011, Governor Scott Walker of Wisconsin signed into law a bill that eliminated most collective bargaining rights for the state's public-sector workers. Many other cash-strapped states followed Wisconsin's lead and introduced or enacted similar restraints on the rights of their workers. Thousands of public workers, whose only means of protecting their rights rested in their ability to collectively bargain, suddenly found their retirement benefits in jeopardy. This truth highlighted the lack of protections for public worker benefits similar to those of the private sector. However, the Employee Retirement Income Security Act, enacted for that purpose, has failed to secure these benefits. This article seeks to provide a broad overview of the crisis facing the pension and benefits system in the United States and offers some possible solutions. More importantly, the goal is to spur discourse on the urgent need to protect the benefits of all workers, public and private.     

城市农民工犯罪与社会治理

城市农民工是城市中的特殊群体,他们在城市发展中扮演着非常重要的角色。但由于受制度歧视,社会保障机制不完善,导致失业严重,加之自身素质低下,造成城市农民工的犯罪活动频繁发生,并以侵财型、犯罪数额少、季节性和团伙性为主要特征,这势必会影响到社会稳定。只有政府转变观念,消除制度歧视,建立涵盖城市农民工的社会保障体系;严格劳动法律法规的实施;加强农民工教育。这样,才能改善农民工的社会地位及生存状况,才能从根本上抑制农民工犯罪。     

浅议地方政府在返乡农民工创业中的职能定位

返乡农民工创业对于新农村建设意义重大。针对农民工返乡创业中存在的问题,地方政府应采取一系列措施促进农民工返乡创业的良性发展,即改善农民工返乡创业的投资环境,健全与完善农村金融服务体系,加强信息引导,提高培训质量,建立并完善农民工创业园区等。     

城中村犯罪的形成机制——以深圳T村为例

城中村的犯罪基本上是以侵财为目的的经济型犯罪,尤其是入室盗窃,犯罪者主要为外来务工者。城中村的社区结构特征使得整个社区具有较低的集体效能,出现了社会解组。生活中的＂紧张＂使得外来务工者具备了犯罪动机,老乡网络和城中村越轨网络为犯罪者提供了两种训练渠道,城中村租住者本身的日常活动为犯罪的发生提供了适当的犯罪目标。     

公民权视域下农民工权益保护的社会政策支持

农民工是中国城市中一个特殊的社会群体,由于目前中国社会制度与政策的因素,他们在城市中不能与城市居民享有同等的政治、经济及社会权利,是典型的弱势群体.从公民权视角提出农民工权益保护的社会政策支持,有利于从根本上实现农民工的城市融入,消除社会排斥.维护农民工的公民权,就必须建立城乡统一的户籍管理制度、城乡平等的劳动就业政策、分类分层的劳动社会保障政策、农民工子女教育政策和住房保障政策.