中国成都汉族及泰国群体D7S2846基因座的遗传多态性

研究STR基因座D7S2 846的遗传多态性 ,为法科学应用提供基础数据。应用PCR及PAG电泳技术 ,对376名中国成都汉族无关个体及 131名泰国无关个体进行了调查。两群体分别检出 8个和 7个等位基因 ,首次获得该基因座基因在两群体中的频率分布。两群体基因型频率分布均符合Hardy Weinberg平衡。家系调查证实了等位基因的传递遵循孟德尔遗传规律。该基因座在两群体中的个人识别能力 (Dp)分别为 0 85 70、 0 86 0 2 ,杂合度 (H )分别为0 6 915、 0 6 870 ,多态性信息含量 (PIC)分别为 0 6 445、 0 6 5 5 3 ,非父排除率 (PE )分别为 0 415 2、 0 40 85。D7S2 846基因座在法医学个人识别及亲子鉴定中具有较高的实用价值。     

DNATyper^TM15基因座的研究与选择

目的为研发复合扩增荧光检测试剂盒,对现有的STR基因座进行分析研究并优选新的高鉴别力基因座。方法收集汉族、锡泊族、畲族、壮族、藏族等5个民族群体血样共1200份,提取DNA,应用复合扩增方法检测1200名5个民族群体无关个体的24个基因座的等位基因分布。结果TPOX和TH01基因座的等位基因在5个民族群体中分布不平衡;D2S1338、D6S1043和Penta E等3个STR基因座在5个民族群体中均具有高度遗传多态性,等位基因频率分布均匀,在各群体间无显著差异,而且等位基因传递遵循孟德尔遗传规律。结论确定出DNATyperTM15试剂盒中的14个适合中国人群体遗传学特征和法医学应用的STR基因座。     

贵州汉族19个STR基因座多态性及法医学应用

目的调查19个常染色体STR基因座在贵州汉族人群中的等位基因分布,评估其在法医学中的应用价值。方法应用Goldeneye~(TM) DNA身份鉴定系统20A试剂盒,研究贵州520名汉族无关健康个体19个常染色体STR基因座多态性。用310型遗传分析仪进行毛细管电泳,Gene Mapper~ID v3.1进行基因分型。结果 19个常染色体STR基因座的杂合度为0.603 8~0.916 4,个体识别率为0.790 0~0.985 6,非父排除率为0.295 5~0.826 9,多态信息含量为0.553 5~0.908 9,累积个体识别率为1-1.230 0×10~(-22),累积非父排除率为0.999 999 99。贵州汉族和其他五个地域的汉族两两之间等位基因频率比较,仅贵州汉族与山东汉族、辽宁汉族、山西汉族之间存在基因频率差异具有统计学意义。结论 D19S433等19个常染色体STR基因座在贵州汉族人群中具有良好的遗传多态性,对群体遗传学和法医物证学研究有应用价值。     

11个Y—STR基因座遗传多态性研究

目的 调查11个Y染色体STR基因座的遗传多态性。方法 利用PCR扩增和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对广州地区汉族群体无关男性血样进行11个Y—STR基因座的分型。结果 11个Y—STR基因座在广州地区汉族群体分别发现3～5个等位基因,GD值最低为0.3037(DYS434),最高为0.8455(DYS390)。结论 11个Y—STR基因座在广州地区汉族群体均具有较高的遗传多态性,可应用于法科学个体识别和亲子鉴定。     

24个Y-STR基因座等位基因频率的群体差异分析

目的调查华东地区汉族无关个体24个Y-STR基因座的群体遗传学多态性,比较华东汉族和广东汉族人群间的群体差异性。方法应用GFS 24Y STR荧光检测试剂盒,对华东地区268名汉族无关个体24个Y-STR基因座进行群体遗传学分析。比较华东汉族和广东汉族人群的等位基因频率,进行群体差异分析。结果华东地区268名汉族无关个体24个Y-STR基因座共检出235个等位基因,267种单倍型,GD值范围为0.564 9~0.966 8。华东汉族和广东汉族人群在DYS622、DYS552、DYS443等12个基因座的等位基因间的差异有统计学意义。结论 GFS 24Y STR荧光检测试剂盒中的Y-STR基因座具有良好的遗传多态性,可应用于父系亲缘关系鉴定。     

四川汉族人群19个STR常染色体基因座多态性及法医学应用

目的对四川汉族人群19个常染色体STR基因座的等位基因分布、群体遗传学参数和邻近群体的遗传分析进行研究,评估其在法医学中的应用价值。方法应用GoldeneyeDNA身份鉴定系统20A对1201例四川汉族无关个体进行19个STR基因座复合扩增及等位基因分型,统计等位基因频率及群体遗传学参数,计算四川汉族与已公开报道的12个群体间的Nei’s遗传距离,进行多维尺度分析、主成分分析及构建系统发生树。结果 19个STR基因座杂合度为0.617 0～0.915 1,个体识别率为0.777 4～0.986 5,匹配概率为0.013 5～0.222 6,多态信息含量为0.546 4～0.910 5,三联体非父排除率为0.311 8～0.826 3,二联体非父排除率为0.197 9～0.712 1,基因型分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡。基于四川汉族与其他12个群体间遗传距离获得的多维尺度分析、主成分分析及系统发生树结果显示,其与湖北汉族相距较近,而与新疆维吾尔族相距最远。结论 19个常染色体STR基因座在四川汉族人群中具有高度的多态性和较好的鉴别能力,能为该地区法医学个体识别、亲权鉴定和群体遗传学研究提供数据基础。     

天津汉族人群12个Y-STR基因座的遗传多态性

目的　建立天津汉族 2 10名无关男性人群 12个Y STR基因座单倍型分布基础遗传数据库。探讨其法医学应用价值。方法　应用PowerPlex YSystem (PromegeCorporation ,USA)荧光标记复合扩增系统、ABI 310 /377型基因分析仪进行检测 ,统计各基因座的单倍体基因频率 ,计算其GD值即基因差异性 (GeneDiversi ty)。结果　 12个Y STR基因座中共检出 2 0 8种单倍型。其中 ,2 0 6种单倍型均出现 1次 ,2种单倍型出现 2次。GD值在 0 32 5 9～ 0 8810之间 ,累计GD值 (TGD)为 0 9999988。另对 2 8个父性家系调查显示 :同一家系(2～ 7名男性 ) 12个Y STR基因座单倍型一致。结论　天津汉族 12个Y STR基因座多态性分布良好 ,父系遗传稳定 ,适用于法庭科学中的个体识别和亲权鉴定     

贵州黔南地区汉族人群18个STR基因座的遗传多态性

目的调查贵州黔南地区汉族人群D5S818等18个基因座的遗传多态性。方法采用国产DNATyperTM19荧光标记试剂盒,获得1104名黔南地区汉族无关个体18个STR基因座的DNA分型,并应用统计软件计算等位基因的分布频率等群体遗传学数据。结果 18个STR基因座的基因型分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P>0.05),杂合度(H)在0.622~0.915之间,匹配概率(Pm)在0.017~0.220之间,个体识别概率(DP)在0.780~0.983之间,多态信息含量(PIC)在0.540~0.900之间,非父排除概率(PE)值在0.318~0.826之间。结论 18个STR基因座具有遗传多态性,在该地区汉族人群的多态性研究中具有较高的应用价值。     

云南玉溪汉族15个STR基因座多态性及遗传关系分析

目的调查玉溪汉族人群15个STR基因座的遗传多态性,并分析与国内部分地区汉族群体的遗传关系。方法采用AmpFLSTR Identifiler试剂盒,复合扩增15个STR基因座,计算基因频率及法医学参数;收集国内其他10个群体的遗传学资料进行遗传距离和聚类分析。结果玉溪汉族群体15个STR基因座等位基因及基因型分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律,PD值在0.790 6～0.968 1之间,PE值在0.315 9～0.733 5之间,PIC值在0.554 6～0.856 4之间,15个基因座累积个体识别力为0.999 999 999 999 999 99,累积非父排除率为0.999 998。不同地区汉族群体间遗传距离分析提示,玉溪汉族与成都汉族遗传距离最近(0.004 0),其次是河南(0.004 5)和潮汕(0.004 7);内蒙古最远(0.036 1)。结论云南玉溪汉族15个STR基因座具有较高的遗传多态性,适于该群体的法医学应用,遗传关系分析结果可为该群体的起源、迁徙及与其他群体的遗传关系分析提供参考。     

浙江汉族人群21个非CODIS系统STR基因座的遗传多态性调查

目的调查21个非CODIS系统STR在浙江汉族人群的遗传多态性,为其法医学应用提供基础数据。方法应用AGCU21＋1荧光标记复合扩增系统,对浙江汉族481名无关个体进行21个STR基因座的复合扩增,用ABl3130XL型基因分析仪对扩增产物进行检测,并统计其STR基因座的群体遗传学参数。结果获得21个STR基因座的等位基因频率分布,分别检出8、11、9、10、8、9、6、5、13、9、6、15、8、7、8、9、8、9、9、16、7个等位基因,并分别获得21个STR基因座的H、He、DP、PM及EP等法医遗传学参数。结论21个STR基因座具有较强个体识别能力,可应用于法庭科学中的个体识别与亲权鉴定。     

癫痫的神经病理学研究进展

癫是一种常见的脑疾病,可引起猝死,以往人们侧重于对癫脑电活动的研究,而近年来癫的神经病理学研究已成为临床和法医工作者的一个研究热点。本文依据一系列文献资料分别从癫的发育障碍、瘤性异常增殖、海马硬化、双重病理改变、苔藓纤维发芽等神经病理学变化方面进行综述,进而探讨其法医学意义,希望对癫猝死的法医病理学诊断提供一定的帮助。     

Drugs in injured drivers in Denmark

As part of the project Impaired Motorists, Methods of Roadside Testing and Assessment for Licensing (IMMORTAL) under the European Commission's Transport RTD Programme of the 5th Framework Programme [I.M. Bernhoft, Drugs in accidents involved drivers in Denmark, D-R4.3 of the project Impaired Motorists, Methods Of Roadside Testing and Assessment for Licensing (IMMORTAL), www.immortal.or.at, 2005], a study regarding drugs in accident-involved drivers was carried out in Denmark. The main objectives of this study were: (1) to collect and analyse samples from injured drivers for the presence of drugs; (2) to give an indication whether drugs may have contributed to traffic accidents; and (3) to get information on the drug-positive drivers and their drug use. This paper focuses on objective 1. Injured drivers who were treated in hospital were asked to give a saliva sample, a blood sample or both. The samples were screened for the following substances: opiates, amphetamines, methamphetamines, incl. MDMA (ecstasy), cannabinoids and metabolites, cocaine and metabolites and benzodiazepines. Screenings were carried out by means of Cozart Microplate EIA kit. Positive screenings were confirmation analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) or liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). In total, 26 out of 330 patients were confirmed positive for one or more of the six drug groups. However, three patients were excluded from the survey for various reasons. Of the remaining 23 drug-positive patients 15 were found positive for one drug group, and in five of these cases alcohol was present in a concentration over the legal limit in Denmark (0.05%). The other eight patients were found positive for two drug groups, and in four of these cases, alcohol was also present in a concentration over the legal limit. Alcohol was found both in combinations with medicinal drugs, with illegal drugs and with both. Based on the saliva or blood concentrations, we estimate that there is a strong suspicion of impairment in 9 out of 23 cases, and in another six cases it was likely that the drivers were impaired.     

德国土地征收中的公共利益

德国《基本法》第14条将所有权作为宪法基本权利予以保护。该条公共利益条款的本质出发点是保护私人所有权。公共利益概念在德国土地征收法上依据通说认为应作狭义理解,非所有公共利益均可满足征收法上的要件。部门法对公共利益有明确规定。学说和实务界对公共利益概念主要在负面达成了一致。就所谓的商业征收并未一般性否定。公共利益本身也与征收的必要性紧密相关。     

当代国际行刑领域正在发生的变革

20世纪70年代由于监狱人满为患,重新犯罪率持续不降,很多国家开始在行刑领域进行改革。其基本内容包括:拓宽行刑目的,从矫正目的论发展到矫正、惩罚、帮助罪犯重返社会与剥夺多元目的论;改革监狱管理制度,从实施累进处遇制发展到推行危险管理制度;变革矫正制度,将"传统矫正"制度发展为"项目矫正"。我国需要研究国际社会在行刑领域的行刑变革理论与实践。     

Fatal poisoning in drug addicts in the Nordic countries in 2007

The frequency of medico-legally examined fatal poisonings in 2007 among drug addicts was investigated in five Nordic countries; Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. The number of deaths, age, sex, place of death, main intoxicant, and other drugs present in blood samples were recorded to obtain national and comparable Nordic data, as well as data to compare with earlier studies in 2002, 1997, and 1991. Norway had the highest incidence of drug addict deaths by poisoning followed by Denmark, with 8.24 and 6.92 per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively. The death rates in Finland (4.02), Iceland (4.56), and Sweden (3.53) were about half that of Norway and Denmark. Compared with earlier studies, the death rates were unchanged in Denmark and Norway, but increased in Finland, Iceland, and Sweden. In all countries, fewer deaths (29-35%) were recorded in the capital area compared with earlier studies. Females accounted for 11-19% of the fatal poisonings. Iceland deviates with a more equal distribution between men and women (40%). Deaths from methadone overdoses increased in all Nordic countries, and methadone was the main intoxicant in Denmark in 2007, accounting for 51% of the poisonings. In Norway and Sweden, heroin/morphine was still the main intoxicant with a frequency of 68% and 48%, respectively. In Iceland, 3 deaths each were due to heroin/morphine and methadone, respectively. Finland differs from other Nordic countries in having a high number of poisonings caused by buprenorphine and very few caused by heroin/morphine. The total number of buprenorphine deaths in Finland doubled from 16 in 2002 to 32 in 2007, where it constituted 25% of deaths. The general toxicological screening program showed widespread multi-drug use in all countries. The median number of drugs per case varied from 3 to 5. The most frequently detected substances were heroin/morphine, methadone, buprenorphine, tramadol, amphetamine, cocaine, tetrahydrocannabinol, benzodiazepines and ethanol.     

Consent in escrow: opting to opt in

In this paper, we reply to Taylor''s (2015) peer commentary on consent-in-escrow. Specifically, we clarify the utility of this novel approach, the way in which it minimizes risks to participants, and how it differs from existing opt-out methods. We further explore its potential use in fields beyond disaster research.     

广东黑社会问题四探——当前广东省反黑工作应重视与加强的几个问题

在认定黑社会性质组织时，应内看其组织特征，外看其行为特征。黑社会性质组织通常在一定区域或行业范围内，以暴力为后盾，通过使用或威胁使用暴力等手段，依靠犯罪组织的淫威大肆进行敲诈勒索、欺行霸市、寻衅滋事、故意伤害等违法犯罪来获利。具备政治保护伞是黑社会性质组织的重要特征，在反黑实践中要加大打击政治保护伞的力度。现阶段境外黑社会组织对广东的渗透具有很强的侵财性和暴力性，或自设炉灶，或勾结境内不法分子和犯罪团伙，形成一股罪恶地下势力，对渗透地社会秩序、人民生命财产安全有着极大的危害。     

Evidence of Premeditation in Skin Messages in Suicide

A 34‐year‐old man with manic‐depressive disorder was found dead sitting in a vehicle with a hose running from the exhaust pipe to the cabin. Numerous suicide notes were found inside his house. At autopsy, the decedent was wearing jeans and a long‐sleeved windcheater. Upon removal of his clothes, a series of messages were also found written on the legs and forearm. Death was due to carbon monoxide toxicity with a blood level of carboxyhemoglobin of 84%. Skin messages represent a rare form of suicide note that may suggest that a suicide has not been planned, as the decedent may have used the nearest surface to write on. This case demonstrates, however, that skin messages may be more organized, being written prior to dressing and setting up the fatal episode. They also may compliment other notes and messages.     

Trustees in Cyprus regulated in 2007

Trust and company service providers in Cyprus are followingin the footsteps of their European counterparts and will toobe regulated at the beginning of 2007.     

当前我国金融刑法中存在的问题探究

金融刑法是随着我国金融业的发展而逐步建立和发展起来的。到目前为止，我国已形成了较完备的金融刑法体系。由于我国金融业起步晚，发展远不够成熟，当前我国金融刑法中仍存在一些问题。本文试对我国金融刑法中金融犯罪的范围、金融刑法的罚金刑、金融犯罪的数罪并罚等问题略作探讨，以期对金融刑法的立法与司法有所裨益。