尸源性昆虫的法医学研究进展

尸源性昆虫学是应用昆虫学知识解决有关法律问题的法医学分支学科,对死亡时间的推断。特别是腐败尸体的死后间隔时间的推断等方面具有无可比拟的优越性。本文根据国内外近期法医昆虫学方面的研究进展,阐述了尸源性昆虫的研究历史、种类和侵蚀过程,并总结了尸源性昆虫形态学及分子生物学的种属鉴定方法。及近几年来在推断死亡时间方面的具体应用。就尸源性昆虫在法医学领域内的应用及进展进行综述。     

嗜尸性昆虫群落演替及其法医学应用研究进展

法医昆虫学是近年来法庭科学中发展较快的学科之一,而利用昆虫学证据来推断死亡时间或称死后经历时间(PMI)是其最主要的应用。当尸体PMI达一周以上,无法通过蝇蛆生长发育历期来推算时,仍可以借助嗜尸性昆虫群落演替规律来判断。嗜尸性昆虫群落演替规律与尸体腐败过程息息相关,法医昆虫学家通过对尸体腐败进行人为分期,能够辨别出不同的演替波次,从而达到推断PMI的目的。本文对嗜尸性昆虫群落演替研究与应用进行了综述,并分析了未来研究趋势,希望能为相关研究和实践应用提供参考。     

第21届国际昆虫学大会上法医昆虫学论文简介

20 0 0年 8月 2 0日～ 2 6日 ,在巴西依瓜索 (Ｉｇｕａｓｓｕ)举行的第 2 1届国际昆虫学大会上 ,法医昆虫学再次引起学者们的广泛关注。此领域共收到来自 9个国家的 18篇论文 ,其中美国 7篇 ,澳大利亚、巴西、德国各 2篇 ,阿根廷、加拿大、英国、意大利和马来西亚各 1篇 [Ｄ Ｌ Ｇａｚｚｏｎｉ,ＸＸＩＩｎｔｅｒｎａ ｔｉｏｎａｌＣｏｎｇｒｅｓｓｏｆＥｎｔｏｍｏｌｏｇｙ (Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔｓ) ,2 0 0 0 ]。这些文章可归纳为 :(1)死后间隔时间的推断 ,主要研究尸体的分解 ,尸体上昆虫区系的演替 ,及其在死后间隔时间推断中的应用 ;(2 )尸…     

我国法医昆虫学的研究进展

法医昆虫学是应用昆虫学知识解决有关法律问题的法医学分支学科。在推断死亡时间等方面具有明显优势。本文在阐述法医昆虫学定义和研究内容基础上,综述尸体上的昆虫生态群落演替现象、昆虫发育形态学、DNA分析技术的应用、法医昆虫毒理学等法医昆虫学问题在我国的研究进展。     

法医昆虫学死亡时间的推断与Daubert规则之思考

死亡时间(postmortem interval,PMI)推断一直是法医工作的重点和难点之一,法医昆虫学在PMI推断上有着独特的优势。近年来,法医昆虫学的理论和技术不断丰富,但在研究和实践中仍然有许多问题。Daubert规则的提出,对应用法医昆虫学知识推断PMI的可信度及准确度提出了更多的要求。本文围绕Daubert规则从生态学、数量遗传学、种群遗传学、分子生物学、微生物学等角度综述了这些理论在法医昆虫学中的应用,为基础理论研究和法医实践之间搭建了一座桥梁,以便运用法医昆虫学在PMI推断中为司法实践提供更准确的依据。     

贵阳地区嗜尸蝇类季节分布实验研究

死后间隔时间的判断 ,尤其是对晚期尸体的死后间隔时间的判断 ,一直是法医学研究的重要课题之一 ,虽借助蝇类的生活史解决法医学有关问题己有着悠久的历史[1,2 ] ,但现有的资料已满足不了现代法医工作的需要。如嗜尸蝇类有多少种、季节分布情况、区域分布情况等资料 ,都有待于研究。只有在查清各种区域中的嗜尸蝇种和虫态变化 (即卵→蛆→蛹→羽化 )规律后 ,才能更好地利用它们不同的季节分布和虫态变化周期为法医学推断死后间隔时间。为此 ,对贵阳龙洞堡地区嗜尸蝇类季节分布进行实验研究。1　材料与方法1 1　实验场地实验场地位于贵阳龙洞…     

欧洲第四届法医昆虫学大会介绍与分析

第四届欧洲法医昆虫学会在意大利巴里召开,来自17个国家的代表参加了该会议,大会共接受论文65篇,该次会议论文主要集中于利用昆虫学推断死亡时间的新方法,昆虫演替对死亡时间推断的影响、法医昆虫毒物化学、新技术的应用等方面,反映了欧洲法医昆虫学研究已达到相当高的水平并开始了应用。我国迫切需要借鉴相关的经验促进我国法医昆虫学的发展。     

北美、欧洲法医昆虫学学术会议综述

法医昆虫学等已在西方等发达国家普遍应用,本文简单介绍并分析了北美第一届法医昆虫学学术会议及欧洲第一届法医昆虫学学术会议及其论文情况。     

北美、欧洲法医昆虫学学术会议综述

法医昆虫学等已在西方等发达国家普遍应用，本文简单介绍并分析了北美第一届法医昆虫学学术会议及欧洲第一届法医昆虫学学术会议及其论文情况。     

昆虫学证据在法庭科学中的应用及进展

昆虫学证据在解决死亡时间、死亡地点、死亡原因等方面可为案件侦破提供切入点和线索。近年来,昆虫学证据在实践中应用的可行性已被理论和案例所证明,尤其是在一些非自然死亡、无监控、尸体高度腐败案件的调查中发挥了巨大作用。然而,将昆虫学证据应用于鉴定实践,尚有一些关键问题需要进一步研究和标准化,以提高昆虫学证据在法庭调查和审判中的效力。本文对昆虫学证据在法庭科学应用中的关键性研究进行了回顾性综述,主要包括法医昆虫学检验操作标准探讨、嗜尸性昆虫物种鉴定研究、嗜尸性昆虫不同环境下发育数据和演替数据的收集、法医昆虫毒理学等。随着信息技术和生物技术蓬勃发展,将人工智能和全基因组测序等技术应用于法医昆虫学将成为一种新的研究方向,可提升昆虫学证据在法庭科学中的应用价值与范围。     

Forensic entomology: application, education and research in Western Australia.

Forensic entomology as a science and a tool for investigation has had slow beginnings in Australia. A number of small animal decomposition trials have been recorded in the literature but mostly from an ecological rather than a forensic entomology perspective. In the last 20 years, a number of more forensically orientated field trials on small pigs and some fly developmental trials in the laboratory have been conducted but lack any replication. The following article was presented at an international seminar to detail the current research in forensic entomology, the applications of forensic entomology in scene of crime (SOC) and homicide investigations and the education of police and judiciary in the discipline of forensic entomology in Western Australia over the last 10 years.     

Experimental and casework validation of ambient temperature corrections in forensic entomology

This paper expands on Archer (J Forensic Sci 49, 2004, 553), examining additional factors affecting ambient temperature correction of weather station data in forensic entomology. Sixteen hypothetical body discovery sites (BDSs) in Victoria and New South Wales (Australia), both in autumn and in summer, were compared to test whether the accuracy of correlation was affected by (i) length of correlation period; (ii) distance between BDS and weather station; and (iii) periodicity of ambient temperature measurements. The accuracy of correlations in data sets from real Victorian and NSW forensic entomology cases was also examined. Correlations increased weather data accuracy in all experiments, but significant differences in accuracy were found only between periodicity treatments. We found that a >5°C difference between average values of body in situ and correlation period weather station data was predictive of correlations that decreased the accuracy of ambient temperatures estimated using correlation. Practitioners should inspect their weather data sets for such differences.     

根据食尸性蝇类推断死亡时间的研究进展

法医昆虫学是应用昆虫学知识解决法医实践中所遇到的相关问题的一门科学。食尸性蝇类在尸体的腐败分解中发挥着重要的作用,运用食尸性蝇类的特点可以更准确进行死亡时间推断,为侦查破案提供线索。本文对依据食尸性蝇类推断死亡时间的方法进行综述,以期为后续的研究与实践应用参考和借鉴。     

Forensic entomology in Germany

Forensic entomology (FE) is increasingly gaining international recognition. In Germany, however, the development of FE has been stagnating, mainly because of the lack of cooperation between police, forensic medicine and entomology. In 1997 a co-operative research project 'Forensic Entomology' was started in Frankfurt/Main at the Center of Legal Medicine and the Research Institute Senckenberg. The aim of this project is to establish FE in Germany as a firmly integrated component of the securing of evidence from human cadavers in cases of suspected homicide. For this purpose we developed a forensic insect collecting kit, and policemen are educated for greater acceptance and better application of FE. The scientific programme focuses on the investigation of the insect succession on cadavers in urban and rural habitats. This also includes new indicator groups (e.g. parasitic wasps) for a more precise calculation of the late post mortem interval. Recently a DNA-based reliable and fast identification method especially for the immature stages of necrophagous insects became part of the project. Preliminary results are reported and two case studies presented.     

Practice of forensic entomology--usability of insect fragments in the estimation of the time of death

Forensic entomology analyzes and evaluates the presence of necrophagous or necrophilic insects on human corpses to estimate the post-mortem interval. The three cases presented are good examples illustrating that not only the various stages of development of the necrophagous insects from egg via larva to pupa are useful for forensic assessment. Depending on the situation in the individual case, even inconspicuous remains of past insect activity such as empty pupal cases or larval skins may supply important entomological information. For this purpose it is indispensable to preserve such evidence, which may appear only as fragments or pieces at first sight, for proper entomological assessment.     

Diversity of Forensic Rove Beetles (Coleoptera,Staphylinidae) Associated with Decaying Pig Carcass in a Forest Biotope

Most forensic studies are focused on Diptera pattern colonization while neglecting Coleoptera succession. So far, little information is available on the postmortem colonization by beetles and the decomposition process they initiate under temperate biogeoclimatic countries. These beetles have, however, been referred to as being part of the entomofaunal colonization of a dead body. Forensic entomologists need increased databases detailing the distribution, ecology, and phenology of necrophagous insects, including staphylinids (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). While pig carcasses are commonly used in forensic entomology studies to surrogate human decomposition and to investigate the entomofaunal succession, very few works have been conducted in Europe on large carcasses. Our work reports the monitoring of the presence of adult rove beetles (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) on decaying pig carcasses in a forest biotope during four seasons (spring, summer, fall, and winter). A total of 23 genera comprising 60 species of rove beetles were collected from pig carcasses.     

The development and main achievements of forensic entomology

The history and main achievements of forensic entomology are introduced. The future of forensic entomology is discussed.     

广东省室内、室外及中毒死亡案件中法医昆虫学的应用报道

基于昆虫的死亡时间推断是目前最为有效和最准确的方法,本文介绍了广东省4例应用昆虫准确判断死亡时间的案例,这些案例分别发生于3月、5月和6月,现场包括室外现场和室内现场,尸体类型包括死亡不久的尸体和高度腐败的尸体,死亡原因包括钝器窒息、锐器致死、勒颈致死及过量药物中毒致死,其中过量药物中毒致死的案例由于体内含有49倍致死剂量的氯氮平从而使昆虫的发育受到严重影响进一步使得死亡时间推断时间结果比真实时间短。