共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 296 毫秒
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死亡时间(postmortem interval,PMI)推断一直是法医工作的重点和难点之一,法医昆虫学在PMI推断上有着独特的优势。近年来,法医昆虫学的理论和技术不断丰富,但在研究和实践中仍然有许多问题。Daubert规则的提出,对应用法医昆虫学知识推断PMI的可信度及准确度提出了更多的要求。本文围绕Daubert规则从生态学、数量遗传学、种群遗传学、分子生物学、微生物学等角度综述了这些理论在法医昆虫学中的应用,为基础理论研究和法医实践之间搭建了一座桥梁,以便运用法医昆虫学在PMI推断中为司法实践提供更准确的依据。 相似文献
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法医昆虫学是近年来法庭科学中发展较快的学科之一,而利用昆虫学证据来推断死亡时间或称死后经历时间(PMI)是其最主要的应用。当尸体PMI达一周以上,无法通过蝇蛆生长发育历期来推算时,仍可以借助嗜尸性昆虫群落演替规律来判断。嗜尸性昆虫群落演替规律与尸体腐败过程息息相关,法医昆虫学家通过对尸体腐败进行人为分期,能够辨别出不同的演替波次,从而达到推断PMI的目的。本文对嗜尸性昆虫群落演替研究与应用进行了综述,并分析了未来研究趋势,希望能为相关研究和实践应用提供参考。 相似文献
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法医昆虫学在死亡时间推断中应用3例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在自然界,动物一旦发生死亡,昆虫往往是尸体的首先发现者。它们在P体上取食繁衍,成为尸体的主要毁坏者。最先到达尸体的是蝇类,其次是鞘翅目昆虫。另外还有蚂蚁。螨类、膜翅目昆虫。欧洲的一些科学家发现昆虫在尸体上的发育演变很有规律,并将其应用于法医调查,由此形成了现代的新兴科学即法医昆虫学(F。rensicEnt。m。l。gy)‘’.近20年来,法医昆虫学研究在国外发展很快,有关法医昆虫学方面的文章,及应用昆虫学知识成功破案的报道也在成倍增加。这表明法医昆虫学作为一门学科的兴起已日趋成熟,并作为一项应用技术已受到国际… 相似文献
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《法医学杂志》2021,(3)
昆虫学证据在解决死亡时间、死亡地点、死亡原因等方面可为案件侦破提供切入点和线索。近年来,昆虫学证据在实践中应用的可行性已被理论和案例所证明,尤其是在一些非自然死亡、无监控、尸体高度腐败案件的调查中发挥了巨大作用。然而,将昆虫学证据应用于鉴定实践,尚有一些关键问题需要进一步研究和标准化,以提高昆虫学证据在法庭调查和审判中的效力。本文对昆虫学证据在法庭科学应用中的关键性研究进行了回顾性综述,主要包括法医昆虫学检验操作标准探讨、嗜尸性昆虫物种鉴定研究、嗜尸性昆虫不同环境下发育数据和演替数据的收集、法医昆虫毒理学等。随着信息技术和生物技术蓬勃发展,将人工智能和全基因组测序等技术应用于法医昆虫学将成为一种新的研究方向,可提升昆虫学证据在法庭科学中的应用价值与范围。 相似文献
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Forensic entomology as a science and a tool for investigation has had slow beginnings in Australia. A number of small animal decomposition trials have been recorded in the literature but mostly from an ecological rather than a forensic entomology perspective. In the last 20 years, a number of more forensically orientated field trials on small pigs and some fly developmental trials in the laboratory have been conducted but lack any replication. The following article was presented at an international seminar to detail the current research in forensic entomology, the applications of forensic entomology in scene of crime (SOC) and homicide investigations and the education of police and judiciary in the discipline of forensic entomology in Western Australia over the last 10 years. 相似文献
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A brief history of forensic entomology. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
M Benecke 《Forensic science international》2001,120(1-2):2-14
Apart from an early case report from China (13th century) and later artistic contributions, the first observations on insects and other arthropods as forensic indicators were documented in Germany and France during mass exhumations in the late 1880s by Reinhard and Hofmann, whom we propose recognizing as co-founders of the discipline. After the French publication of Mégnin's popular book on the applied aspects of forensic entomology, the concept quickly spread to Canada and the US. At the time, researchers recognized that the lack of systematic observations of forensically important insects stood in the way of their use as indicators of postmortem interval. General advances in insect taxonomy, and ecology helped close this gap over the following decades.Many early case reports dealt with alleged child homicides, including the suspected use of sulphuric acid. In this context, it was shown that ants, cockroaches, and freshwater arthropods could produce postmortem artifacts suggestive of child abuse.After the World Wars, few forensic entomology cases entered the scientific literature. From the 1960s to the 1980s, Leclecq and Nuorteva were primarily responsible for maintaining the method in Central Europe, with a focus on case work. Since then, basic research in the US, Russia and Canada has opened the way to the routine use of entomology in forensic investigations. The following article gives a brief overview of historic developments in the field. A major focus is on the work done between 1850 and 1950. Since sources from that time remain difficult to track down, the article also includes a historic bibliographical overview on forensic entomology of that era. 相似文献
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嗜尸性昆虫的准确鉴定是应用昆虫判断死亡时间的先决条件,但是昆虫的鉴定只有相关类群的昆虫专家能够鉴定。DNA条形码(DNA Barcoding)技术是利用一个或少数几个DNA片段对地球上现有物种进行识别和鉴定的一项新技术。这一技术给生物分类研究带来了空前的繁荣,同时也给法医昆虫学中各昆虫种类的鉴别研究带来新的动力。 相似文献
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