欧洲第四届法医昆虫学大会介绍与分析

第四届欧洲法医昆虫学会在意大利巴里召开,来自17个国家的代表参加了该会议,大会共接受论文65篇,该次会议论文主要集中于利用昆虫学推断死亡时间的新方法,昆虫演替对死亡时间推断的影响、法医昆虫毒物化学、新技术的应用等方面,反映了欧洲法医昆虫学研究已达到相当高的水平并开始了应用。我国迫切需要借鉴相关的经验促进我国法医昆虫学的发展。     

昆虫学证据在法庭科学中的应用及进展

昆虫学证据在解决死亡时间、死亡地点、死亡原因等方面可为案件侦破提供切入点和线索。近年来,昆虫学证据在实践中应用的可行性已被理论和案例所证明,尤其是在一些非自然死亡、无监控、尸体高度腐败案件的调查中发挥了巨大作用。然而,将昆虫学证据应用于鉴定实践,尚有一些关键问题需要进一步研究和标准化,以提高昆虫学证据在法庭调查和审判中的效力。本文对昆虫学证据在法庭科学应用中的关键性研究进行了回顾性综述,主要包括法医昆虫学检验操作标准探讨、嗜尸性昆虫物种鉴定研究、嗜尸性昆虫不同环境下发育数据和演替数据的收集、法医昆虫毒理学等。随着信息技术和生物技术蓬勃发展,将人工智能和全基因组测序等技术应用于法医昆虫学将成为一种新的研究方向,可提升昆虫学证据在法庭科学中的应用价值与范围。     

法医昆虫学在死亡时间推断中应用3例

在自然界,动物一旦发生死亡,昆虫往往是尸体的首先发现者。它们在P体上取食繁衍,成为尸体的主要毁坏者。最先到达尸体的是蝇类,其次是鞘翅目昆虫。另外还有蚂蚁。螨类、膜翅目昆虫。欧洲的一些科学家发现昆虫在尸体上的发育演变很有规律,并将其应用于法医调查,由此形成了现代的新兴科学即法医昆虫学（F。rensicEnt。m。l。gy）‘’．近20年来,法医昆虫学研究在国外发展很快,有关法医昆虫学方面的文章,及应用昆虫学知识成功破案的报道也在成倍增加。这表明法医昆虫学作为一门学科的兴起已日趋成熟,并作为一项应用技术已受到国际…     

尸源性昆虫的法医学研究进展

尸源性昆虫学是应用昆虫学知识解决有关法律问题的法医学分支学科,对死亡时间的推断。特别是腐败尸体的死后间隔时间的推断等方面具有无可比拟的优越性。本文根据国内外近期法医昆虫学方面的研究进展,阐述了尸源性昆虫的研究历史、种类和侵蚀过程,并总结了尸源性昆虫形态学及分子生物学的种属鉴定方法。及近几年来在推断死亡时间方面的具体应用。就尸源性昆虫在法医学领域内的应用及进展进行综述。     

昆虫学在法医学领域中的研究进展

法学昆虫学（ForensicEntomology）是将昆虫和其它节肢动物知识的研究及其在法律问题上的应用，最近十多年又引起昆虫学家较大兴趣和法医界的关注。目前，一般将法学昆虫学分为三大部分：城市、仓贮产品和法医学方面。城市法学昆虫学包括住处的昆虫、房屋和园林害虫造成危害而进行民事法诉讼，还包括滥用杀虫剂的法律诉讼；仓贮产品法学昆虫学一般处理多种昆虫对各种不同商品的侵袭或污染；法医学昆虫学研究的昆虫涉及一些需判重罪的案件，它既包括暴力犯罪如凶杀、自杀、抢劫等，也包括其它暴力事件如受虐待等，也应用于死亡时间推断、尸…     

法医昆虫毒理学研究进展

法医昆虫毒理学是应用昆虫学、毒理学及其他相关学科知识解决涉及中毒问题的法医学分支学科,在中毒死的法医学鉴定方面具有明显优势。本文在阐述法医昆虫毒理学定义和研究内容基础上,综述毒(药)物对嗜尸性昆虫的生长发育影响,毒(药)物在中毒尸体组织的定性定量分析,以及其在法医学领域的研究进展和应用价值。     

法医昆虫学的发展及应用

<正>利用昆虫为刑事侦查提供线索，在19世纪已成为一门学科，即法医昆虫学。自20世纪80年代以来，法医昆虫学得到了迅速发展。1988年第14届国际法医学和社会医学大会上，法医昆虫学首次作为独立的分组讨论会出现；1996年国际法医学大会上第一次出现了法医昆虫学讨论会；2003年欧盟成     

近十年来我国现代法医昆虫学研究进展

法医昆虫学(Forensic entomology)指的是应用昆虫学知识解决法律上问题的法医学分支学科,在死后间隔时间判断,特别是腐败尸体的死后间隔时间判断等方面有著无可比拟的优越性。本文讨论了法医昆虫学的研究领域,从理论研究与实践应用两方面概述了近十年来法医昆虫学在我国的进展。     

北美、欧洲法医昆虫学学术会议综述

法医昆虫学等已在西方等发达国家普遍应用，本文简单介绍并分析了北美第一届法医昆虫学学术会议及欧洲第一届法医昆虫学学术会议及其论文情况。     

北美、欧洲法医昆虫学学术会议综述

法医昆虫学等已在西方等发达国家普遍应用,本文简单介绍并分析了北美第一届法医昆虫学学术会议及欧洲第一届法医昆虫学学术会议及其论文情况。     

mtDNA多态性在嗜尸性昆虫种类鉴定中的应用

嗜尸性昆虫的种类鉴定是利用昆虫学知识进行法医学研究的重要步骤之一.近年来研究表明,利用分子生物学技术,特别是线粒体DNA(mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA)序列分析技术对嗜尸性昆虫进行种类鉴别,能够得到较好的效果.本文对嗜尸性昆虫mtDNA的分子生物学特性、结构以及嗜尸性昆虫种类鉴定中常用的mtDNA序列...     

广东省室内、室外及中毒死亡案件中法医昆虫学的应用报道

基于昆虫的死亡时间推断是目前最为有效和最准确的方法,本文介绍了广东省4例应用昆虫准确判断死亡时间的案例,这些案例分别发生于3月、5月和6月,现场包括室外现场和室内现场,尸体类型包括死亡不久的尸体和高度腐败的尸体,死亡原因包括钝器窒息、锐器致死、勒颈致死及过量药物中毒致死,其中过量药物中毒致死的案例由于体内含有49倍致死剂量的氯氮平从而使昆虫的发育受到严重影响进一步使得死亡时间推断时间结果比真实时间短。     

A brief history of forensic entomology.

Apart from an early case report from China (13th century) and later artistic contributions, the first observations on insects and other arthropods as forensic indicators were documented in Germany and France during mass exhumations in the late 1880s by Reinhard and Hofmann, whom we propose recognizing as co-founders of the discipline. After the French publication of Mégnin's popular book on the applied aspects of forensic entomology, the concept quickly spread to Canada and the US. At the time, researchers recognized that the lack of systematic observations of forensically important insects stood in the way of their use as indicators of postmortem interval. General advances in insect taxonomy, and ecology helped close this gap over the following decades.Many early case reports dealt with alleged child homicides, including the suspected use of sulphuric acid. In this context, it was shown that ants, cockroaches, and freshwater arthropods could produce postmortem artifacts suggestive of child abuse.After the World Wars, few forensic entomology cases entered the scientific literature. From the 1960s to the 1980s, Leclecq and Nuorteva were primarily responsible for maintaining the method in Central Europe, with a focus on case work. Since then, basic research in the US, Russia and Canada has opened the way to the routine use of entomology in forensic investigations. The following article gives a brief overview of historic developments in the field. A major focus is on the work done between 1850 and 1950. Since sources from that time remain difficult to track down, the article also includes a historic bibliographical overview on forensic entomology of that era.     

Forensic entomology: application, education and research in Western Australia.

Forensic entomology as a science and a tool for investigation has had slow beginnings in Australia. A number of small animal decomposition trials have been recorded in the literature but mostly from an ecological rather than a forensic entomology perspective. In the last 20 years, a number of more forensically orientated field trials on small pigs and some fly developmental trials in the laboratory have been conducted but lack any replication. The following article was presented at an international seminar to detail the current research in forensic entomology, the applications of forensic entomology in scene of crime (SOC) and homicide investigations and the education of police and judiciary in the discipline of forensic entomology in Western Australia over the last 10 years.     

Forensic entomology in Germany

Forensic entomology (FE) is increasingly gaining international recognition. In Germany, however, the development of FE has been stagnating, mainly because of the lack of cooperation between police, forensic medicine and entomology. In 1997 a co-operative research project 'Forensic Entomology' was started in Frankfurt/Main at the Center of Legal Medicine and the Research Institute Senckenberg. The aim of this project is to establish FE in Germany as a firmly integrated component of the securing of evidence from human cadavers in cases of suspected homicide. For this purpose we developed a forensic insect collecting kit, and policemen are educated for greater acceptance and better application of FE. The scientific programme focuses on the investigation of the insect succession on cadavers in urban and rural habitats. This also includes new indicator groups (e.g. parasitic wasps) for a more precise calculation of the late post mortem interval. Recently a DNA-based reliable and fast identification method especially for the immature stages of necrophagous insects became part of the project. Preliminary results are reported and two case studies presented.     

STR and SNP analysis of human DNA from Lucilia sericata larvae's gut contents

Importance of forensic entomology becomes inevitable when come across some incident where corpse is unidentifiable and lot of maggots or other insects are present. The most common application of forensic entomology is to use insects for the identification of specimens or human remains. DNA analysis recovered from a larva's gut contents can be used to identify a missing body. The obtained human STR and SNP profile support the association of a maggot to a specific patients or corpse. Main aim of this research was the identification of human DNA from gut contents of third instar maggots (larvae of Lucilia sericata) placed on diabetic patient's wounds for treatment purpose. Maggots (8–15) were taken from each diabetic patients (no. of the patients 8) and DNA was extracted from the gut contents manually by using Qiagen tissue protocol. Agarose gel electrophoresis was performed and the total size of DNA was seen using UV transilluminator. PCR amplification, STRs and SNPs profiling was then performed using PCR 9700 and AmpFLSTR Identifiler and SnaPshot Multiplex Kit (Applied Biosystems) respectively. The results were analyzed on ABI 310. SNP profiles were good and identifiable compared to the STRs where amplification was poor and the peaks were low. This may be the fact of the enzymatic activity present in the gut of the larvae which cause tremendous reduction in DNA size and thus yield. The results of this study reveals that it is possible to obtain a complete human profile using STRs and SNPs even if DNA is recovered from gut contents of maggots.     

Diversity of Forensic Rove Beetles (Coleoptera,Staphylinidae) Associated with Decaying Pig Carcass in a Forest Biotope

Most forensic studies are focused on Diptera pattern colonization while neglecting Coleoptera succession. So far, little information is available on the postmortem colonization by beetles and the decomposition process they initiate under temperate biogeoclimatic countries. These beetles have, however, been referred to as being part of the entomofaunal colonization of a dead body. Forensic entomologists need increased databases detailing the distribution, ecology, and phenology of necrophagous insects, including staphylinids (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). While pig carcasses are commonly used in forensic entomology studies to surrogate human decomposition and to investigate the entomofaunal succession, very few works have been conducted in Europe on large carcasses. Our work reports the monitoring of the presence of adult rove beetles (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) on decaying pig carcasses in a forest biotope during four seasons (spring, summer, fall, and winter). A total of 23 genera comprising 60 species of rove beetles were collected from pig carcasses.     

Hydrocarbon and Fatty Acid Composition from Blowfly Eggs Represents a Potential Complementary Taxonomic Tool of Forensic Importance,

One of the most important contributions of forensic entomology is to assist criminal expertise to determine the postmortem interval, which depends on the duration of the immature stages of insects of forensic interest. On the other hand, the time of development of the different stages varies according to the species; therefore, its identification is essential. Currently, few studies have investigated the use of cuticular hydrocarbons, and none regarding fatty acids, as complementary taxonomic tools to expedite species identification. Therefore, we evaluated whether cuticular hydrocarbons together with fatty acids of eggs of flies of the family Calliphoridae, main group of forensic interest, can be used to distinguish species. The analyses were performed by chromatographic techniques. The results show that there are significant differences between the composition of cuticular hydrocarbons and fatty acids between species and, therefore, they can be used to provide a complementary taxonomic tool to expedite the forensic expertise.