2个Y-STR基因座在成都汉族群体中的遗传学研究

目的　为了寻求新的适合于法医学应用的Y染色体STR基因座 ,我们调查了基因座DYS44 2和DYS44 6在成都群体中的分布。　方法　样本来自于成都地区汉族无血缘关系的个体 ,通过Chelex法提取样本DNA ,利用PCR扩增硝酸银染色方法进行分型。　结果　DYS44 2是一个四核苷酸简单重复基因座 ,而DYS44 6则为五核苷酸简单重复基因座。男性样本都出现了谱带 ,而女性样本则无PCR产物。DYS44 2基因座和DYS44 6基因座变异度分别为 :0 .6 86 7、0 .75 5 2。　结论　DYS44 2和DYS44 6是非常适合于法医学应用的STR基因座。     

4个Y-STR基因座遗传多态性及分子克隆技术制备分型标准物

目的研究Y染色体4个新发现的STR基因座在成都汉族群体中的遗传多态性,寻找适合于法医学应用的Y-STR基因座并用分子克隆法制备其等位基因分型标准物。方法用PCR扩增和非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,对105名成都地区汉族无血缘关系男性个体的4个Y-STR基因座进行分型。并通过分子克隆技术制备DYS643基因座的等位基因分型标准物。结果DYS632、DYS634、DYS642和DYS643四个STR基因座均具有Y染色体特异性,在成都汉族群体中等位基因个数分别为2、4、3和5,共检测出31种单倍型;DYS643基因座的等位基因分型标准物可以用于群体研究。结论DYS643基因座及其分子克隆法制备的等位基因分型标准物具有较高的法医学应用价值。     

北京汉族群体中6个Y—STR遗传标记多态性调查

用PCR—PAGE技术调查了6个新的Y-STR基因座(DYS505、DYS533、DYS549、DYS576、DYS578和DYS641)在北京汉族群体中的分布,并评价他们在法医学中的应用价值,旨在筛选适合于法医学应用的新的Y-STR基因座。     

DYS708、DYS713和DYS715基因座的PCR扩增和银染检测

本研究采用PCR—PAGE技术调查了DYS708、DYS713和DYS7153个新的Y—STR基因座在华东地区汉族群体中的分布，并评价他们在法医学中的应用价值．旨在筛选适合于亲权鉴定的新的Y—STR基因座。     

Y染色体DYS622和DYS630基因座遗传多态性调查

Y染色体遗传标记具有男性特有、父系遗传及单倍型遗传的三大特征[1-3],Y染色体的独特性与STR位点分型检测的优越性相结合成为法医学个体识别和父权鉴定中的新工具。本研究选取了2个新的Y染色体STR基因座DYS622和DYS630,调查其在华东地区汉族群体中的遗传多态性,并对其在法医学中的应用作初步探讨。1材料与方法1.1样本87例无关男性个体EDTA抗凝血或颊粘膜试子采自江苏、浙江、上海等地。Chelex-100法[4]提取样本DNA。1.2引物在GDB查得两个基因座的引物序列,见表1。表1 DYS622和DYS630基因座信息特征基因座GenBank登录号重复序…     

云南汉族家系Y—STR基因座突变率研究

目的研究Y—filer试剂盒中DYS19等基因座在云南省汉族家系样本中的突变率。方法应用Y—filer试剂盒中的DYS456等16个Y—STR基因座对云南省30个汉族家系爷／孙、叔／侄和兄弟／堂兄弟亲权关系的106份样本进行基因分型检测,对DYS19等基因座分型与家系其他成员不同的样本分别进行了单位点的测序。结果6个（周姓、徐姓、王姓、袁姓、许姓、李姓）不同父系姓氏7例样本的10个Y—STR基因座发生突变,分别是DYS19、DYS385各2例,DYS389Ⅰ、DYS389Ⅱ、DYS390、DYS458、DYS393、DYS635各1例,总突变率为5．549‰;王姓、袁姓、许姓家系中各有1例样本分别在2个Y—STR基因座上发生了突变。结论男性家系中随机样本Y—STR基因座的突变率高于父子对样本;用Y—STR基因座进行父系亲权鉴定和男性嫌疑人的家系排查时,既使有2个Y—STR基因座分型不同时也不要轻易排除其来源于同一父系家系。     

DYS19、DYS391、DYS439三个Y-STR荧光标记复合扩增的法医学应用研究

目的　研究Y—染色体STR基因座在法医学检测中的应用价值。方法　用荧光标记DYS19,DYS391,DYS4 39三个Y—STR基因座 ,PCR复合扩增 ,通过毛细管电泳得到结果。结果　三个Y—STR基因座有较高的种属特异性 ;观察 5 0次男性配子细胞形成过程中的减数分裂未发现突变基因 ;对男∶女不同比例混合血样检测 ,当男∶女性血样比达 1∶5 0时 ,仍能准确分型Y—STR基因型 ,并且Y—STR检验较常染色体STR分型更有优势 ;检测了 1～ 15个月病理石蜡切片 ,表明Y -STR基因座适合降解DNA的检测。结论　Y -STR分型适合日常法医检案的需要 ,该方法是对常染色体STR应用的一个补充。     

中国3个群体的DYS385基因座的遗传多态性

<正> DYS385基因座是Y染色体上以GAAA为重复单位的四核苷酸重复序列,目前已发现16种等位基因,重复单位数目为9～24,片段长度大小为360～420 bp,DYS385基因座的一对引物同Y染色体上的两个基因座结合,扩增出片段大小有交叉的两组产物,两组产物连锁组成单倍型。DYS385被认为是Y染色体多态性最好的STR基因座之一,在法医学个人识别和亲子鉴定中具有重要的应用价值[1、2]。本文作者调查了DYS385基因座在中国北方汉族、维吾尔族和哈萨族群体的多态性,现报告如下。     

DYS391、DYS393基因座X染色体扩增对法医鉴定影响的探讨

目的探讨提高DYS391和DYS393基因座特异性扩增方法及两基因座的X染色体扩增产物对法医学鉴定结论的影响。方法DYS391和DYS393基因座采用PCR扩增、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳结合银染进行分析。结果稀释模板DNA浓度和提高退火温度对提高此两Y染色体基因座特异性扩增并不明显。DYS391和DYS393的X染色体扩增产物对法医学鉴定结论有误导可能性。结论在法医学鉴定尤其是性别鉴定中应谨慎应用DYS391和DYS393基因座。     

Y—STR基因座的特殊分型现象

Y染色体为男性所特有，在减数分裂中呈连锁遗传，在法医学中具有常染色体基因座不可比拟的独特作用。自从1997年Kayser首次报道DYS19基因座以来．越来越多的Y—STR基因座被发现与应用。     

Forensic value of 14 novel STRs on the human Y chromosome

We identified and characterized 14 novel short-tandem-repeats (STRs) on the Y chromosome and typed them in two samples, a globally diverse panel of 73 cell lines, and 148 individuals from a European–American population. These Y-STRs include eight tetranucleotide repeats (DYS449, DYS453, DYS454, DYS455, DYS456, DYS458, DYS459, and DYS464), five pentanucleotide repeats (DYS446, DYS447, DYS450, DYS452, and DYS463), and one hexanucleotide repeat (DYS448). Sequence data were obtained to designate a repeat number nomenclature. The gene diversities of an additional 22 Y-STRs, including the most commonly used in forensic databases, were directly compared in the cell line DNAs. Six of the 10 most polymorphic markers include the newly identified Y-STRs. Furthermore, these novel Y-STRs greatly improved the resolution of paternal lineages, above the level obtained with commonly used Y-STRs, in the European–American population.     

太原地区汉族人群DYS390、DYS391、DYS393基因座多态性

Y 染色体STR基因座在不同人群的差异性远高于常染色体基因座[1] 。因此 ,为了获得鉴定能力高的检测系统 ,要尽可能多的分析多个STR基因座。本文作者采用复合扩增结合银染技术 ,对太原地区汉族男性人群DYS390、DYS391、DYS393基因座进行单个基因座等位基因频率和单倍型分布频率调查 ,旨在为遗传学、法医学及其他相关研究提供基础资料。1　材料与方法1 1　样本16 3例无血缘关系汉族男性个体的枸橼酸钠抗凝血 (山西医科大学第一医院提供 ) ;10例两代家系血(本室亲子鉴定案例 ) ;1例健康男性个体的肾脏、肝脏、脾脏、血液 (本院病理室提…     

Performance evaluation and optimization of multiplex PCRs for the highly discriminating OSU 10-locus set Y-STRs

In a previous study, a new set of Y-chromosome short tandem repeats, the OSU 10-locus set (MPM1 and MPM2), was shown to have a higher discrimination power when evaluated against the 10 SWGDAM loci on a common population panel. Here, we describe the optimization of the multiplex reactions using dye-labeled primers followed by performance evaluations. The loci exhibited high precision, human male specificity, reliability in different body fluids, high sensitivity, stability, and the ability to amplify nonprobative casework and mixture samples. Stutter for the all of the loci, with the exception of the highly polymorphic locus DYS688, was similar to that observed for autosomal loci. The results of the performance evaluations reinforced the utility of these loci.     

Analysis of mutations in father–son pairs with 17 Y-STR loci

We have examined 389 father/son sample pairs from U.S. Caucasians, African Americans, Hispanics and Asians using the 17 Y-STR loci in the Yfiler™ kit and observed a total of 24 differences between father and son. Thirteen mutations resulted in the gain of a repeat in the son and 11 resulted in a loss of a repeat. All samples resulted in single repeat mutations except one sample which contained a two repeat loss at Y-GATA-H4. Furthermore, two different sample pairs were found to have two mutations. An African American sample pair had a mutation at DYS458 and a second at DYS635 and an Asian sample pair had mutations at DYS439 and Y-GATA-H4.     

Development and validation of the AmpFlSTR Yfiler PCR amplification kit: a male specific, single amplification 17 Y-STR multiplex system

In the past 5 years, there has been a substantial increase in the use of Y-short tandem repeat loci (Y-STRs) in forensic laboratories, especially in cases where typing autosomal STRs has met with limited success. The AmpFlSTR Yfiler PCR amplification kit simultaneously amplifies 17 Y-STR loci including the loci in the "European minimal haplotype" (DYS19, DYS385a/b, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, and DYS393), the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM) recommended Y-STR loci (DYS438 and DYS439), and the highly polymorphic loci DYS437, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, Y GATA H4, and DYS635 (formerly known as Y GATA C4). The Yfiler kit was validated according to the FBI/National Standards and SWGDAM guidelines. Our results showed that full profiles are attainable with low levels of male DNA (below 125 pg) and that under optimized conditions, no detectable cross-reactive products were obtained on human female DNA, bacteria, and commonly encountered animal species. Additionally, we demonstrated the ability to detect male specific profiles in admixed male and female blood samples at a ratio of 1:1000.     

Internal Validation of the AmpFlSTR Yfiler™ Amplification Kit for Use in Forensic Casework

Abstract:  Y-chromosomal short-tandem repeat (Y-STR) amplification has been used in forensic casework at the Bureau of Criminal Apprehension (BCA) Forensic Science Laboratory since 2003. At that time, two separate amplifications were required to type the SWGDAM recommended loci (DYS19, DYS385a/b, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS438, and DYS439). The Yfiler™ kit coamplifies these loci as well as DYS437, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, DYS635, and Y GATA H4. The Yfiler™ kit was validated following the internal validations outlined in the SWGDAM revised validation guidelines. Our studies show that 0.125 ng of male DNA will generate a complete 17 locus profile and that as little as 0.06 ng of male DNA yields an average of nine loci. In the male–male mixtures, a complete profile from the minor component was detected up to 1:5 ratio; most of the alleles of the minor component were detected at a 1:10 ratio and more than half the alleles of the minor component were detected at a 1:20 ratio. Complete YSTR profiles were obtained when 500 pg male DNA was mixed with female DNA at ratios up to 1:1000. At ratios of 1:5000 and 1:10,000 (male DNA to female DNA) inhibition of the YSTR amplification was evident. The YSTR results obtained for the adjudicated case samples gave significantly more probative information than the autosomal results. Our studies demonstrate that the Yfiler™ kit is extremely sensitive, does not exhibit cross-reactivity with female DNA, successfully types male DNA in the presence of overwhelming amounts of female DNA and is successful in typing actual forensic samples from adjudicated cases.     

荧光复合扩增4个Y染色体STR的单倍型及其法医学应用

目的建立一套Y染色体STR的双色荧光复合扩增系统,调查4个Y-STR基因座单倍型分布情况及其在混合斑物证检验中的法医学应用前景。方法荧光标记引物复合扩增Y-GATA-A10、DYS531、DYS557和DYS448四个Y染色体特异性STR基因座,并用ABⅠ310遗传分析仪对扩增产物进行检测、分型。结果在成都汉族120名无关男性个体中,四个基因座分别检出5、5、8、7个等位基因,共检出78种单倍型,单倍型基因多样性为0.9881。对3例本教研室不能用常规常染色体STR对男性成份作出同一认定的混合斑检材,该系统成功的作出了与嫌疑人血液Y-STR基因型一致的鉴定结论。结论建立的Y-STR荧光标记复合扩增系统具有很高的识别能力,对建立Y染色体STR数据库,研究群体遗传学和进行法医学混合斑物证鉴定有重要意义。     

Analysis of Y-STR loci in a population sample from northeast China

POPULATION: A total of 141 unrelated Chinese Han male individuals living in Liaoning in northeast China.