略论非物质文化遗产国际人权法保护中的权利冲突——以文化权利与其他基本人权的冲突为视角

在非物质文化遗产国际人权法保护中,文化权利与其他基本人权的冲突具有多样化的产生原因并在在实践中普遍存在。解决文化权利与其他基本人权的冲突的方法,因这一冲突的激烈程度而异:对于激烈的冲突,其他基本人权优先;对于不激烈的冲突,文化权利优先。     

论船舶优先权与海事赔偿责任限制的冲突和协调

船舶优先权与海事赔偿责任限制之间发生冲突,既有历史原因又有现实原因。船舶优先权和海事赔偿责任限制发生冲突的领域是船舶优先权优先保障实现的限制性海事债权。《海商法》规定海事赔偿责任限制优先于船舶优先权实施以协调两者之间的冲突,其理论根据在于:船舶优先权系担保物权,而海事赔偿责任限制是确定海事债权数额的一种制度,担保物权只有在确定债权数额后才能实现。     

论域名与商标、商号冲突的解决

域名与商标、商号具有相似的功能和价值,在互联网中容易发生冲突,目前比较突出的是域名对在先商标和商号的冲击。在解决此类冲突时,应遵循保护在先权利和利益平衡原则。我国需要通过完善司法和非司法机制来解决域名冲突。     

我国矿业权与土地使用权的冲突与协调

矿产资源与土地资源都是我国自然资源中的重要组成部分之一,而当人们在行使矿业权和土地使用权时,往往两种权利间会发生冲突,这种冲突主要表现为谁的效力优先问题上。针对这一问题,本文从目前两者的冲突现状及冲突原因上进行分析,得出部分关于协调两者冲突的办法。     

权利冲突的研究现状、基本类型与处理原则

中国的权利冲突研究经历了产生、反思、深化三个阶段,当前仍存在着抽象的理论研究与具体层面的研究脱节及研究道路不足等缺陷。同种类型权利间的冲突与不同类型权利间的冲突是权利冲突的基本分类方法。处理权利冲突,应坚持私权利优先于公权力、社会公共利益优先等原则。     

论商标权与地理标志权冲突的危害、成因与对策

商标权和地理标志权与其他权利冲突共同的原因在于权利的自因性、权利的涉他性、权利的排他性和权利边界的模糊性。正是权利的上述四个特点结合成一个有机的整体,在它们共同的作用下,权利之间才会发生冲突。地理标志与商标都属于工业标记,都具有表示产品来源的功能。但它们的关系错综复杂,两者之间的权利冲突已经成为目前国际知识产权界面临的突出问题之一。特别是在知识产权保护刚刚起步的中国,地理标志权与商标权的冲突尤为激烈。本文将对这种冲突进行分析,并在此基础上表达笔者对解决此类冲突的看法。     

建设工程优先受偿权与其他权利竞存的探析

建设工程价款优先受偿权制度的确立,对于解决日益严重的工程欠款问题无疑是一剂良方,但在司法实践中,建设工程价款优先受偿权在实现过程中却遇到了诸多障碍,其中建设工程价款优先受偿权与其他权利竞存的处理,直接关系到建设工程价款优先受偿权的实现,实践中应按下列原则处理:第一,建设工程价款优先受偿权与一般抵押权发生冲突时,承包人的建设工程价款优先受偿;第二,当两个以上承包人对同一建设工程享有工程价款优先受偿权时,应该按各建设工程承包人的债权比例清偿;第三,消费者交付购买商品房的全部或者大部分款项后,承包人就该商品房享有的工程价款优先受偿权不得对抗买受人.商品房的所有权已转移给消费者时,承包人的优先受偿权不可对抗消费者的房屋所有权.     

民事强制执行中当事人权利的冲突与平衡——从执行中对债务人唯一房产的处置说起

民事强制执行是指国家机关运用国家强制力,强制债务人履行义务,以帮助权利人实现生效法律文书中确定的民事实体权利的活动。但在执行实践中,公权力对私权领域的介入时经常遇到当事人需保护的权利发生冲突的尴尬局面。本文以人权理论为视角,论述了实现债权人权利时,如何界定债务人权利保障的范围和程度,当事人权利冲突时应遵从何种原则以达到权利平衡,最后本文对我国民事强制执行中权利保障体系的完善提出了建议。     

权利冲突的制约、均衡和言论自由优先配置质疑——也论《〈秋菊打官司〉案、邱氏鼠药案和言论自由》

言论自由与人身权是两种同等重要的法律权利 ,不存在主次之分和何者优先问题。言论自由优先配置不符合我国国情。在案件处理中 ,对两种权利的冲突 ,应运用权利制约机制进行权利均衡 ,并侧重对弱者的保护 ,不宜多用权利制约的手段解决纠纷     

排污权的法律性质

排污权来源于排污权交易的思想,是一个经济学术语,在法学术语应称之为"环境容量使用权"。排污权是指排放者在国家行政职能部门授权的额度内,并在保证该权利的行使不会损害其他公众环境权益的前提     

流浪乞讨与管制--从贫困救助看中央与地方权限的界定

随着《收容遣送办法》的废止,个人自由权利与社会治安秩序之间的现实冲突比过去更为突显。应转变中央和地方关系的传统思维,在允许地方更多自主权和选择权的同时,更充分地保障公民个人的宪法基本权利。无论是中央和地方关系的法律界定,还是公民权利的宪法保障,都要求建立独立的司法机构以审查地方立法的有效性。     

Implementing and evaluating crime prevention and control programs and policies

The history of crime prevention and control efforts in the United States has demonstrated little progressive improvement in our ability to deter crime. The major obstacles to implementing effective interventions and policies have been a weak scientific knowledge base about how to prevent crime, the research community's inability to effectively disseminate what is known about the causes of crime and to translate this knowledge into operational programs and policies, and a resistance on the part of practitioners and policy makers to evaluate programs and policies and to use this information in the development of new programs and policies. In the last decade, there have been major advances in our understanding about the causes of crime and we have now demonstrated the effectiveness of selected prevention programs. But there is little evidence that this scientific knowledge is informing current practice or policy. Problems in the dissemination of this information and the resistance to utilizing it remain. These problems are discussed and suggestions are made for addressing them. Our knowledge base remains modest, but it is now sufficient to inform policy and practice. The research community must work to do a better job of disseminating this information and overcoming the resistance to utilizing it before we will be successful in implementing effective crime prevention programs and policies. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Accommodation and Satisfaction: Women and Men Lawyers and the Balance of Work and Family

This study of graduates of the University of Michigan Law School from the late 1970s reports on the differing ways that women and men have responded to the conflicting claims of work and family. It finds that women with children who have entered the profession have indeed continued to bear the principal responsibilities for the care of children, but it also finds that these women, with all their burdens, are more satisfied with their careers and with the balance of their family and professional lives than other women and than men.     

International aid,trade and investment and access and allocation

International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics - The access to goods and their allocation (who gets what, when, where and how) is one of the analytical problems of the 2009...     

真相与正义，探究与辩护，科学与法律

在美国法律文化塑造下的对抗制诉讼制度和科学的调查程序之间存在着紧张关系（tension），在法律所关注的裁决终局性（finality）和科学所追求的持续性纠错（oven—minded fallibilism）之间存在着紧张关系。长期以来，法律界都试图通过可采性法律规则归化科学证言，结果导致联邦法官担负起广泛的审查职责；近期，法庭指定专家的制度实践导致对抗制度做出某些修正，这种制度实践已经被批评为“带有纠问色彩”（inquisitorial），甚至“违背了民主的要求”（undemocratic）。在分析这些制度利弊的过程中，我们有必要考察其他法律系统的经验教训。     

Truth and Justice, Inquiry and Advocacy, Science and Law

Abstract. There is tension between the adversarialism of the U.S. legal culture and the investigative procedures of the sciences, and between the law's concern for finality and the open‐ended fallibilism of science. A long history of attempts to domesticate scientific testimony by legal rules of admissibility has left federal judges with broad screening responsibilities; recent adaptations of adversarialism in the form of court‐appointed experts have been criticized as “inquisitorial,” even “undemocratic.” In exploring their benefits and disadvantages, it would make sense to look to the experience of other legal systems.     

当前广东拐卖妇女儿童犯罪的特点、原因及对策

近年来,广东一些地区拐卖妇女儿童犯罪屡禁不绝,愈演愈烈.拐卖妇女儿童犯罪是一种十分野蛮的犯罪活动,它严重侵害了妇女儿童最基本的人身权利,极大地危害了社会秩序,败坏了社会风气.本文通过分析其犯罪特点及原因,进一步提出相应对策.