也谈苏联解体的一个原因--兼评美国学者科兹的几个论点

苏共及其社会主义失败的一个重要原因,是在苏共内部产生了一个特权阶层.美国学者科兹看到是这个特权阶层搞跨了苏共和苏联,却不懂得它产生的真正原因,而是把它归之于改革,进而得出了反对市场化改革的错误结论.历史已经证明,并将继续证明,社会主义不改革、不正确地进行改革,只能是死路一条.     

热话题与冷思考(二十三)--关于时代发展与政党现代化的一些思考

早在1996年,您就在<政党的危机--国外政党运行机制研究>一书中提出:"政党政治进一步现代化的问题已经提上日程."现在越来越多的人关注"政党现代化"这个问题,但在那时人们对"政党现代化"这个词还相当陌生,所以您的提法应该说十分"前卫".那么,您当时是如何考虑这个问题的呢?     

我国“外来人员第二代”犯罪的预防与治理

随着中国改革开放与现代化政策的实施、城市化进程的不断深入，中国有越来越多的农民进城谋生，由于户籍制度等社会原因，他们下一代的问题日趋突现。根据社会和谐发展的理念，笔者从我国“外来人员第二代”的现实境遇出发，提出了对这个群体犯罪问题的预防与治理对策，以供社会有关部门作为决策参考与借鉴。     

关于苏共败亡的几点思考--从"三个代表"思想看苏共败亡的教训

苏共败亡的原因,归根到底在于苏共违背了先进生产力发展要求,背离了先进文化前进方向,脱离了广大人民群众,丧失了人民群众的信任."三个代表"思想的提出,说明我们党不仅善于总结自己的历史经验,而且善于借鉴和吸取其他政党成败的经验和教训.     

中国共产党对时代潮流的新认识

江泽民同志在"七一"讲话中,阐明了中国共产党对时代潮流的新认识.认清时代潮流,有助于把握时代的本质特征.20世纪70年代初,中国共产党曾将"国家要独立,民族要解放,人民要革命"概括为历史潮流.70年代以后,兴起了新的时代潮流,江泽民同志将其概括为:"世界要和平,人民要合作,国家要发展,社会要进步."这不仅对于国家制定对内对外政策具有重大意义,而且有利于人们加深对时代主题的理解和正确判断世界大事中的是非.     

克里姆林宫易帜十年祭

苏联之亡,戈尔巴乔夫及其所代表的那一代苏共领导人有不可回避的重大历史责任,但根源在于其制度基因和历史演变."斯大林模式"不过是斯大林主义的乌托邦,并非社会主义的合适的社会模式;大俄罗斯主义的单一制国家是导致苏联解体的重要原因之一;社会帝国主义、霸权主义、核军备竞赛、国民经济军事化都是导致苏联衰败的原因;极权官僚制度及其必然的腐败最终葬送了党和国家,苏联是"自杀自灭",亡于"脑坏死".     

欧洲左翼政党大整合

2004年5月8-9日,欧洲左翼党成立大会在罗马召开,300多位来自欧盟部分国家的共产党和左翼政党的代表出席了大会,德国民社党、意大利重建共、西班牙联合左翼、希腊左联党等欧盟12国的14个共产党与左翼政党成为该党首批成员.法共和捷克波西米亚--摩拉维亚共产党虽出席了成立大会,但由于党内有不同意见或对建党呼吁书内容持有异议,决定暂不正式参加新党.大会一致选举意大利重建共全国书记法乌斯托·贝尔蒂诺蒂为该党主席.另外,葡共、德国的共、北欧绿党左翼联盟、古巴共、巴西共、日共等22个来自欧、亚、拉美的左翼政党和组织应邀派代表与会.     

对中国国民党六次重大历史转折的回顾与反思

中国国民党在百年的历史发展过程中 ,经历了六次重大历史转折。每一次转折都是对自身建设进行的一次深刻调整。研究它的历史演变 ,关注其现状与未来走向 ,对于研究政党政治具有重要的历史启示意义。     

Acknowledgement of the Secret Protocol of the German–Soviet Non-aggression Pact and the Declaration of State Sovereignty by the Union Republics of the USSR

In June 1989, the First Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union established the Commission for Historical and Legal Estimation of the Soviet–German Non-aggression Pact of 1939. In the commission, representatives from Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania condemned the Soviet annexation of the Baltic States, prompting heated arguments regarding the invalidity of the related secret protocol of the pact with other members who continued to hold the traditional Soviet ideological view of the pact as something positive. The debate over the secret protocol had the further potential to extend to disputes over ‘recovery of lost territory’ amongst the Baltic States, Ukraine, Moldova, Belarus and Russia. This article analyses the arguments used by commission members, considering the interplay of national interests, how they balanced arguments between restoration of ‘state sovereignty’ and maintenance of borders, and how they finally compromised and concluded the commission's report.     

After the fall of the soviet union: the changing status of local governments in the republic of latvia

When the Republic of Latvia gained its independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, one of Latvia's first priorities was to rebuild its system of local government. This article describes many of the problems local governments in Latvia faced after 50 years of communist rule. The article also discusses the new Latvian laws which changed the structure of local government in that country. Also discussed are Latvian central government institutions which impacted on local governments in general and local government finances in particular. The unique status of the Capitol City of Riga, Latvia's largest municipality is also reviewed in detail.     

Propaganda and the Question of Criminal Intent; the Semantics of the Zachistka

This article seeks to explore the origins and evolution of zachistka (‘cleansing’) and the particular role it played in the second Chechen war of 1999–2005. It argues that zachistka has become part of state, military and media representations of violence, building a psychological environment in favour of war. The article seeks to understand how the propaganda of the Russian Ministry of Defence might have contributed to the perpetuation of war crimes or incitement to atrocity crimes in the region.     

Property rights and the challenge of the technological modernization of the mexican state

This article focuses on the technological challenges arising from two broader challenges of the Mexican state: growth and equity. In order to face the first one, Mexico needs safer and more comprehensive property rights, especially given the changing array of goods characteristic of contemporary economies. Mexico also needs to take into account the new context of a global economy, subject to rapid changes and highly dependent on information flows. Securing property rights and growing within a global economy call for the technological modernization of the Mexican state. The second challenge, equity, also requires of such modernization: nowadays policy-making in areas such as education, health, etc. requires complex analytical capacities and extensive data bases. That is more the case when the Mexican state needs to act through incentives and market signals instead of through the traditional mechanisms of command and control.