斑点叉尾鮰维氏气单胞菌病的病理组织学观察

应用无菌操作技术,从患病的斑点叉尾鮰肝、肾中分离病原菌,并进行生理、生化鉴定。同时通过病理切片和HE染色技术,观察由维氏气单胞菌引起的自然发病斑点叉尾鮰的肝、肾、脾、肠、脑、鳃等器官的病理组织学变化。结果显示,从患病鱼的肝、肾中分离到形态、大小一致的细菌,经鉴定为维氏气单胞菌。镜下可见患病叉尾鮰肝细胞严重空泡变性,部分区域肝细胞坏死、溶解,相互融合成溶解性坏死灶;肾小球毛细血管严重充血,充满大量红细胞,肾小囊扩张,肾间质严重出血,拟淋巴细胞及造血组织减少,大量含铁血黄素及单核细胞、嗜中性粒细胞等炎性细胞浸润;脾出血,淋巴细胞减少,大量含铁血黄素及红细胞浸润;肠黏膜下层和浆膜层水肿,小血管和毛细血管充血;脑浆膜和基质水肿;鳃小片毛细血管严重充血,基部细胞增生,呼吸上皮浮离,有的呼吸上皮细胞和柱细胞变性、坏死,使部分鳃小片腐离脱落。表明,维氏气单胞菌可引起斑点叉尾鮰多器官组织,特别是肝、肾、脾、脑、鳃等重要功能器官出现典型的病理变化并引起死亡。     

凡隆气单胞菌在人工感染斑点叉尾鮰体内的动态分布

为研究凡隆气单胞菌在人工感染斑点叉尾鮰体内的动态分布规律及其致病机理,用凡隆气单胞菌(8×107 CFU/mL)分别以浸泡和腹腔注射的方式感染斑点叉尾鮰,于接种后第1、2、6、12、24、48、72和96小时剖杀采样,制备石蜡切片,HE染色,镜检,并采用亲和免疫组织化学方法检测凡隆气单胞菌在斑点叉尾鮰体内的动态分布。结果显示,浸泡组在接种后第2小时,首先在鳃检测到阳性信号,6h后从脾和肾中检测到阳性信号,随后在肝和脑中也有少量阳性信号被检出;腹腔注射组在接种后第2小时即从脾和肾中检测到阳性信号,随后肝中也检测到阳性信号,而鳃中没有检测到阳性信号。两种感染方式阳性信号在各组织器官内的分布相似,主要出现在肾、脾和肝的吞噬细胞内、血管内、坏死区域、细胞间质区域以及少量实质细胞内,引起多器官的充血、出血、全身性炎症及变性和坏死,并随着感染时间的延长,检出量逐渐增多,肌肉、心脏、肠和眼球组织中没有检测到阳性信号。结果表明,凡隆气单胞菌感染途径多样化,自然环境中可通过鳃进入斑点叉尾鮰机体,肝、肾、脾是主要的感染靶器官,靶器官的损伤是造成斑点叉尾鮰死亡的重要原因之一。     

大鲵体表溃烂病的病理组织学观察

通过病理切片和HE染色技术,对自然发生体表溃烂病大鲵的皮肤、肌肉、肝、脾、肺、胃肠道、肾等器官的病理组织学变化进行了观察.结果显示,肠道黏膜层、黏膜下层及浆膜层有大量炎性细胞浸润,黏膜上皮细胞大量坏死;肝中央静脉扩张淤血,肝细胞肿胀,体积增大,部分肝细胞胞浆及胞核淡染、溶解、消失,只剩下细胞轮廓,肝间质充满大量淋巴细胞、单核细胞等炎性细胞;肾间质出血,大量红细胞浸润,肾小球毛细血管严重扩张、充血,肾小囊扩张,部分肾小囊内可见均质红染的蛋白样物质,肾小管上皮细胞空泡变性,部分肾小管上皮细胞坏死、溶解、消失,管内有大量管形出现;脾实质细胞弥漫性坏死;肺泡腔内充满数量不等的红细胞;肌肉可见间质水肿,间隙增宽,肌纤维零星分布;部分肌细胞肌浆凝固、红染,有的肌细胞胞浆溶解成蜂窝状,甚至胞浆大量消失,只剩下肌膜.表明,患病大鲵除体表皮肤肌肉变化外,肝、脾、肾等重要器官均出现不同程度的病理变化.     

抗鱼类致病性嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌单克隆抗体的制备及其生物学特性鉴定

以福尔马林灭活的嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌免疫BALB/c小鼠,通过杂交瘤技术制备针对鱼类致病性嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌的单克隆抗体(McAb),用软琼脂法进行克隆化培养,通过间接ELISA法对所得的杂交瘤细胞株进行特异性筛选,并鉴定其Ig亚类,测定腹水效价,进行了相对亲和力和抗原位点等生物学特性分析。结果显示,获得了8株可分泌特异性McAb的杂交瘤细胞,分别命名为1C3、1C6、4H8、3D9、2B11、3G3、2H11、1B8。经过鉴定,这8株McAb能够特异性地针对嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌,与其他测试菌之间无交叉反应;其抗体主要分为4个亚类,分别为IgG2a型、IgG2b型、IgG3型和IgM型;腹水效价均在10-6以上;相对亲和力较高;2B11针对的嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌脂多糖表位,而其余7株McAb针对的非脂多糖抗原位点。试验结果证实成功制备了能稳定分泌抗嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌McAb的细胞株,为水产养殖中该菌的快速检测和免疫学研究奠定了基础。     

幼建鲤维生素C缺乏的病理组织学观察

将192尾体重为11.18 g±0.57 g(P＞0.05)的健康幼建鲤随机分为2组,分别喂以含维生素C60 mg/kg的半纯合饵料和维生素C缺乏(0 mg/kg)饵料133 d,观察幼建鲤器官组织的病理学变化.试验结果显示,维生素C缺乏组幼建鲤出现肝细胞变性、坏死,肾小管上皮细胞变性、坏死、脱落,脾网状基质细胞肿胀,心肌纤维肿胀、变性,肌纤维变性、坏死等病理变化;电镜观察显示,胰腺腺细胞中的酶质颗粒溶解呈空泡状,肌纤维细胞断裂,肠上皮细胞绒毛断裂,脾网状基质肿胀.表明幼建鲤维生素C缺乏可导致组织器官出现不同程度的病理损伤.     

人工感染黄曲霉毒素雏鸭的病理学动态变化

给7日龄樱桃谷鸭饲喂含黄曲霉毒素AFB1的饲料,分别于采食AFB1后第12、24、48、 72、96、120、144、168、192 h各剖杀2只雏鸭,观察病理变化并采取组织病料,制作石蜡切片观察组织病理学变化和超薄切片观察超微结构变化。眼观病变为气囊有黄色纤维性物质渗出,肝、肾肿大,质地变脆。组织病理学变化为胆管增生,肝细胞空泡变性及后期极度肿胀;肾小管上皮细胞颗粒变性和散在凝固性坏死;脾红髓淤血,脾窦扩张;大脑膜水肿扩张,脑实质毛细血管扩张;心肌纤维、十二指肠腺上皮细胞、胰腺细胞颗粒变性。超微结构变化为肝细胞中空泡大量聚集导致细胞核变形,肾上皮细胞线粒体肿胀变形,大脑神经细胞髓鞘溶解及胰腺细胞酶原颗粒减少。表明,AFB1 对雏鸭心、肝、脾、肺、肾、脑、十二指肠、胰腺等均有明显病理损害,以肝的病变最为严重和典型。     

罗非鱼源无乳链球菌双重PCR快速检测方法的建立

根据GenBank中罗非鱼源无乳链球菌荚膜多糖的cpsF基因和CAMP因子的cfb基因序列,设计2对特异性引物,通过对反应体系和反应条件优化,并进行特异性试验、敏感性试验及人工感染罗非鱼组织样品检测,建立了快速检测无乳链球菌的双重PCR方法。结果显示,仅无乳链球菌能扩增出cpsF和cfb两条特异性条带,而海豚链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、鮰爱德华氏菌、嗜水气单胞菌、杀鲑气单胞菌、豚鼠气单胞菌、嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌无条带检出;经敏感性试验,最小模板检出量为7.632×10-2ng/μL;同时对30尾人工感染无乳链球菌的罗非鱼肝和肾组织中细菌DNA进行双重PCR检测和细菌分离鉴定,检出的阳性结果一致。证实,所建立的方法具有快速、特异、灵敏的优点,适用于对罗非鱼等无乳链球菌的感染病例进行流行病学监测。     

宠物犬犬瘟热的病理组织学观察

采取未治愈的8例犬瘟热病犬的肺、肝、脾、脑等组织,石蜡包埋切片,HE染色,然后对切片进行了病理组织学观察.结果显示,肝细胞以及胆管上皮细胞中发现细胞浆包涵体,胃腺上皮细胞肿胀坏死,部分胞浆溶解呈空泡状,在少数腺上皮细胞内可见细胞浆包涵体,黏膜上皮细胞肿胀、脱落,杯状细胞增多,肺泡壁结构几乎消失,少数变性的支气管、细支气管上皮细胞内有核内包涵体,神经细胞肿胀变性.周围的毛细血管中有微血栓形成,脊髓灰质中神经细胞肿胀,染色质溶解,神经细胞周围水肿,脾淋巴细胞明显减少,淋巴小结不明显,有明显的萎缩,淋巴细胞减少.     

喹烯酮在鲤和斑点叉尾鮰体内的药代动力学及组织分布

为了研究喹烯酮在鱼体内的药物代谢动力学及组织分布情况,在(15±1)℃的水温条件下,按50mg/kg单剂量口服给药后,采用高效液相色谱法测定喹烯酮在鲤、斑点叉尾鮰血浆与组织中的药物浓度.结果,喹烯酮在鲤和斑点叉尾鮰体内的药代动力学模型均符合两室开放模型.喹烯酮在鲤血液中2 h时达到最高血药浓度(Cmax)为0.452 μg/mL,在肝、肾、肌肉组织中达峰时间分别为8、16和16 h,主要药代动力学参数t1/2(ka)、t1/2β、AUC分别为1.263 h、35.866 h、24.585(μg/mL)·h;喹烯酮在癍点叉尾鮰血液中8 h达到最高血药浓度(Cmax)为0.029μg/mL,在肝、肾、肌肉组织中达峰时间分别为16、48和72 h,主要药代动力学参数t1/2(ka)、t1/kβ、AUC分别为4.669 h、31.164 h、1.388(μg/mL)·h.结果表明,喹烯酮在鲤与斑点叉尾鮰体内吸收较快,分布较广,主要经肝、肾代谢.     

朗德鹅疑似白血病的病理组织学观察

对某种鹅场疑似白血病的朗德鹅进行了病理组织学观察。剖检可见病鹅极度消瘦,肝、肾、脾、胆囊和卵巢等组织器官呈不同程度肿瘤样病理变化。其中肝病变尤为明显,稍肿胀,表面有颗粒状弥漫性结节,切面有斑驳状异变;肾苍白,质硬,正常结构消失,形成肿瘤结节;胆囊变硬,胆囊壁增厚。组织切片观察可见肝细胞大量坏死,结缔组织增生,淋巴细胞浸润,肿瘤细胞增生;肾小管上皮脱落,肾间质与肾小球有不同程度的坏死,血管球结构模糊;脾淋巴细胞显著减少,异嗜性粒细胞增多,有多量肿瘤细胞浸润;胰腺、卵巢、胆囊等则有纤维化、淋巴细胞浸润和凝固性坏死等病理变化。     

U.S. and East Asian Integration

the U.S. is directly impacting on the future of the East Asian community. Therefore, finding ways to get along with the U.S. is crucial to the speed, direction, configuration and character of the East Asian community. In this paper, the author has analyzed the interests of the United States in East Asia and its stands towards the East Asian integration. The author concludes that it is to the interest of the United States to make more efforts to further join in the East Asian integration. And East Asia should accept and welcome the American participation.     

Challenges Faced by Transitional China and Countermeasures

正The socio-economic transition of China features the transformation from planned economy to market economy,from an agrarian society to an urban society,from an industrial society to an information society,and from a poverty-stricken society to an affluent society.Reform is theprerequisite and driving force of transition.Both transition and reform will confront with various resistances,obstacles,problems and hardships.     

China's Development:Implications for Asian Economy

正In 2013,under the circumstance of meager recovery and continued sluggish economic growth of the whole world,China’s economy still maintained a growth rate of 7.7 per cent and the economic aggregate jumped onto a new stage-it was predicted that the share of China’s economy in the global aggregate could exceed 12 per cent compared with only 2% in 1980.The status of China as an important global economic power has been entrenched and the rise of the manufacturing     

China's Soft Power

正"Soft Power" is a concept developed by a Harvard University professor Joseph Nye in a 1990 book Bound to Lead:The Changing Nature of American Power to describe the ability to attract and co-opt rather than coerce,get others to want the outcomes you want.     

The Second Sino-US Maritime Security Workshop Held in CIIS

正On September 25-26,2014,CIIS and Hoover Institution,Stanford University jointly held the Second Sino-US Maritime Security Workshop in Beijing.CIIS President Qu Xing and Abraham Sofall,senior research fellow with the Hoover Institution,codelivered the opening remarks.Representatives from China's Ministry of National Defense,     

俄白哈关税同盟的发展及其影响（英文）

In recent years, the Eurasian Economic Community has developed rapidly. Because of the special relationship between the SCO and the Customs Because Customs Union, the latter will inevitably exert some influence on the development of the former, but they are not fundamentally contradictory. Since the of the establishment of the Customs Union, the trade between China and the Customs Union members grows steadily.     

CAFIU Honorary Vice-President Wang Zhizhen Visited Turkey,Sudan and Attended the Third China-Africa People's Forum

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CAFIU Delegation Visited Sri Lanka and Attended the Third China-Africa People's Forum in Sudan

正At the invitation of Sri Lanka-China Friendship Association(SLCFA)and Sudan Network for National Non-Governmental Organizations,a 5-member delegation led by CAFIU Deputy Secretary-General Liu Kaiyang visited Sri Lanka and attended the Third China-Africa People’s Forum held in Sudan from May 7 to 14,2014.As a member of this delegation,I had the great honor     

South Asian NGO Delegation Visiting China

正At the invitation of the Chinese Association for International Understanding(CAFIU),a 10-member NGO delegation composed of representatives from media,think tanks and NGOs from Bangladesh,India and Sri Lanka visited China from April 9 to 18.On the second day of arrival,the delegation visited Xicheng District Administrative Service Center.The center provides such services as     

Building A Platform for Understanding and Establishing Channels for Cooperation——Notes on the 2014 “Understanding & Cooperation” Dialogue

正From June 16 to 18,the 2014"UnderstandingCooperation"Dialogue and Forum on Rethinking Asia,co-hosted by CAFIU and FES and jointly organized with China Foundation for Peace and Development,was held in Tutzing,a beautiful and spacious manor located at 30km southwest of Munich.Nearly 60 delegates from more than 10Asian and European countries participated in the event,including China,Germany,Korea,Japan,