共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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浅论美国对拉美的人权政策刘新民THEUNITEDSTATES'HUMANRIGHTSPOLICYTOWARDSLATINAMERICA¥TheUnitedStates'humanrightspolicytowardsLatinAmericasince... 相似文献
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西方非政府人权组织近年来在国际人权保护中成为一支不可忽视的重要力量,在它们的倡议下,一些世界人权公约的实施与监督机制得到了进一步完善,联合国人权委员会的工作也因它们的参与而得到加强。西方非政府人权组织的人权思想理论在一定程度上是西方社会市民人权道德价值观的反映,同时,它们在人权标准上与西方大国政府的人权政策具有内在的一致性。它们通过发布人权信息、游说等活动,“羞辱”那些被它们认为有侵犯人权现象的国家,在实施国际人权保护的同时,也违背了《联合国宪章》中的不干涉内政原则。可以说,西方非政府人权组织已成为西方人权政治文化的一个重要组织部分。 一、西方非政府人权组织概况 相似文献
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人权非政府组织与联合国 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在二战以来的国际人权政治发展中 ,人权非政府组织与联合国已形成了日益紧密的合作关系。一方面 ,人权非政府组织积极地借助联合国来扩大自身的影响 ,并对主权国家施加更大的压力 ;另一方面 ,联合国为拓展人权事务在资源、信息和机构运作等方面也积极地倚重人权非政府组织的活动支持。人权非政府组织与联合国的这种紧密合作 ,导致了人权非政府组织对联合国人权事务和人权机构的渗透、联合国人权机构人事上的交叉任职以及复杂的国际多边人权干预 ,从而形成了包含人权非政府组织、主权国家与联合国在内的复杂三角政治关系 相似文献
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美国在非洲的“人权外交” 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
“人权”是美国推行其价值观、维护国家利益的一个有效武器以及实现其全球战略的一项重要措施。非洲作为美国全球战略大棋局中一个不可或缺的重要依托,也是美国推行“人权外交”的重点区域之一。本文从人权与南非种族隔离制度、人权与非洲民主化、人权与非洲经济发展三个方面的联系来剖析美国对非政策中“人权因素”的两面性本质,指出美国对非“人权外交”的出发点和实质是捍卫其价值观和国家利益。 相似文献
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本文从归属认同、利益依赖、救济便利等方面,对区域性人权机制与联合国人权机制进行了比较。文章认为,亚洲区域性人权机制缺乏实质性制度安排,其根源在于政治、经济、历史、文化差异的障碍,冷战的消极影响,跨区域组织的“离心力”,次区域组织的“越位”,统一性、综合性区域组织的缺位等因素的综合作用。文章还对亚洲人权合作制度性建设等问题提出了看法。 相似文献
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20 0 0年 6月 2 6日 ,人类基因组计划 (humangenomeproject,HGP)与Celera公司的负责人共同宣布了人类基因组工作框架图的完成 ,2 0 0 1年 2月分别将自己测定的框架图发表在“Nature”和“Sci ence”向大众公布。同时 ,模式生物基因组计划(modelorganism genomeproject ,MOGP)已完成了大肠埃希氏菌 (Escherichiacoli)、流感嗜血杆菌(Haemophilusinfluenzae)、酿酒酵母 (Saccha romycescerevisiae)、秀丽… 相似文献
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1999年 ,哈佛大学出版社出版了《终极恐怖者》(JessicaStern :TheUltimateTerrorists)一书。作者杰西卡·斯特恩现为美国对外关系委员会高级研究员 ,曾任美国国家安全委员会俄罗斯、乌克兰、中亚事务处处长 ,负责核走私问题的跨部门小组工作。斯特恩在该书中提出的“终极恐怖者”概念特指以伊斯兰极端分子、右翼极端分子、世界末日派组织、“千年至福派”邪教为代表的新一代恐怖分子。她断言 :鉴于这批新型恐怖分子的崛起 ,有关核、生化武器知识的泛滥 ,前苏联核、化学材料被窃与走私 ,薪水微薄的核武器专… 相似文献
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“人的安全”概念的提出促使人们对安全内涵和如何提供安全进行更深刻的思考。但是,人的安全概念提出后引发了很多争议,也产生了不少误区,其中之一就是将人的安全中“免于恐惧的自由”与“免于匮乏的自由”相互对立起来,以至于将前者视为西方的概念而后者为东方的概念。在这种话语中隐含了“免于恐惧的自由才是人的安全中优先考虑的因素”,其产生的后果是在全球范围内存在的贫困、饥饿等严重危害人的尊严的安全问题可能被置于安全考虑范围之外。回顾人的安全概念之争,探讨人的安全的核心理念及其相关概念,比如安全与发展、直接暴力与结构暴力之间的关系,可以矫正这种误区,并证明人的安全概念既不是西方的也不是东方的,它是以人类最基本的价值、需求和尊严为中心的,具有普遍意义的和道德说服力的综合性理念。这种综合性界定自然要求安全维护的方式不应停留在被动和短期应对层面而应寻求早期预防、长期建构、能力提升等积极手段以便实现“积极安全”。 相似文献
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国际人权公约与人权保护——国内司法实施的分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
国际人权公约设定了国家对个人的义务。在国内层面上 ,缔约国应采取立法、司法等措施履行国际人权公约规定的义务。缔约国国内层面的实施是国际人权公约实施的基础和关键。国际人权公约能否在缔约国国内法院得到直接适用 ,是由各国国内法予以决定的。按照我国法律 ,国际人权公约基本上不能在国内法院得以直接适用。 相似文献
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Edward Newman 《国际研究展望》2001,2(3):239-251
This article explores the concept of "human security" as an academic and fledgling policy movement that seeks to place the individual—or people collectively—as the referent of security. It does this against a background of evolving transnational norms relating to security and governance, and the development of scientific understanding that challenges orthodox conceptions of security. It suggests that human security is not a coherent or objective school of thought. Rather, there are different, and sometimes competing, conceptions of human security that may reflect different sociological/cultural and geostrategic orientations. The article argues that the emergence of the concept of human security—as a broad, multifaceted, and evolving conception of security—rreflects the impact of values and norms on international relations. It also embraces a range of alliances, actors, and agendas that have taken us beyond the traditional scope of international politics and diplomacy. As a demonstration of change in international relations, of evolving identities and interests, this is best explained with reference to "social constructivist" thought, in contradistinction with the structural realist mainstream of international relations. In a constructivist vein, the article suggests that empirical research is already building a case in support of human security thinking that is, slowly, being acknowledged by decision-makers, against the logic of realist determinism. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTThe empirical assessment of how signatories of human rights conventions comply with their obligations has, so far, yielded conflicting results, especially regarding the compliance mechanisms that are the most promising to ensure improving human rights records. We argue that this is due to the fact that differences in compliance systems have been neglected and that different compliance mechanisms have been assessed in isolation, without considering possible interactions. To analyze this argument, we propose a novel way to assess the effect of these mechanisms by relying on a Markov-transition model. Our results show that human rights violations are time dependent and that the effect of independent variables is conditional on previous human rights violations as well as on the strength of human rights compliance systems. 相似文献
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Conan Fischer 《Diplomacy & Statecraft》2005,16(3):499-514
Post-1918 Germany was gripped by severe foof shortages that devastated the health of urban children in particular. German politicans and officials became increasingly convinced that a state of near famine and the accompanying scourges of social and political disorder could not be adequately addressed given the demands placed on public finances and the wider economy by the reparations regime. While the British reacted by counselling a moderation of the reparations regime, the French accused Germany of instrumentalizing domestic crisis to undermine reparations and thereby compromise the Versailles Settlement. French sanctions culminated in an invasion of the Ruhr District in January 1923, which served to create a devastating famine in the region and to intensify popular antipathy in Germany to the reparations regime. The article concludes by considering briefly links between the perceived perfidy of reparations and the subsequent resonance of Nazi ideology and policy. 相似文献
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Conan Fischer 《Diplomacy & Statecraft》2013,24(3):499-514
Post-1918 Germany was gripped by severe foof shortages that devastated the health of urban children in particular. German politicans and officials became increasingly convinced that a state of near famine and the accompanying scourges of social and political disorder could not be adequately addressed given the demands placed on public finances and the wider economy by the reparations regime. While the British reacted by counselling a moderation of the reparations regime, the French accused Germany of instrumentalizing domestic crisis to undermine reparations and thereby compromise the Versailles Settlement. French sanctions culminated in an invasion of the Ruhr District in January 1923, which served to create a devastating famine in the region and to intensify popular antipathy in Germany to the reparations regime. The article concludes by considering briefly links between the perceived perfidy of reparations and the subsequent resonance of Nazi ideology and policy. 相似文献