Rügeobliegenheit bei Unbrauchbarkeit der Wohnung – Übergangsrecht

Der Gesetzgeber hat in Kenntnis der Rsp, auch der darin ge?u?erten Bedenken zur und der Problematik aus der fehlenden Rügeobliegenheit bei Unbrauchbarkeit der Wohnung, etwa – wie hier – infolge schwerster M?ngel der Elektroinstallation, eine Gesetzes?nderung normiert, die Anwendung der neuen Rechtslage allerdings nur für nach dem 30. September 2006 abgeschlossene Mietvertr?ge vorgesehen. Angesichts dieser klaren Gesetzeslage steht es den Gerichten nicht zu, diesem übergangsrecht im Wege der Gesetzesauslegung den Boden zu entziehen und eine generelle Rügeobliegenheit iSd § 15a Abs 2 letzter Satz MRG idF WRN 2006 bereits für vor dem 30. September 2006 abgeschlossene Mietvertr?ge anzunehmen. Die Regeln über die Mietzinsbildung stellen leges speciales zu den allgemeinen Gew?hrleistungsregeln des ABGB dar.     

87例大脑及脑干挫伤HSP70变化的研究

目的探讨人大脑及脑干挫伤后神经细胞HSP70变化与损伤时间的关系及大脑与脑干HSP70变化的差异。方法对87例闭合性颅脑损伤死亡脑挫伤组织进行病理学及HSP70免疫组织化学染色,结果进行图像分析。结果脑挫伤24h后.HSP70阳性神经细胞最多见,且免疫反应性最强,随后逐渐下降,14d组及30d组HSP70表达与对照组类似。脑挫伤部位可见较多HSP70阳性的淀粉样小体。图像分析显示大脑与脑干HSP70阳性细胞3个参数(A、IOD及AOD)之间呈高度显著正相关或显著正相关,由高至低排列为:A>IOD>AOD。结论神经细胞HSP70免疫组化染色结合图像分析技术作为推断脑挫伤经过时间的参考,大脑与脑干挫伤后神经细胞HSP70变化规律基本一致,但脑挫伤灶周围淀粉样小体形成的意义有待于进一步研究。     

85例成人闭合性脑挫伤组织病理学研究

目的研究大脑及脑干脑挫伤后组织病理学变化及与损伤时间的关系,并比较大脑与脑干损伤之间有无差异。方法对85例闭合性颅脑损伤死亡的脑挫伤组织进行病理学GFAP、HSP70、NF200免疫组织化学染色。结果脑损伤早期出现的胞浆嗜酸性肿胀胶质细胞(ECSG)是脑损伤后一种早期应激性反应,挫伤部位淀粉样小体(CA)的增多及噬神经细胞现象也可在脑挫伤后早期形成,而脑干挫伤ECSG发生率高于大脑。中性粒细胞浸润、泡沫细胞及胶质瘢痕形成有一定时序性。结论ECSG在判断生前脑挫伤及推断脑挫伤时间中有重要的参考价值。在ECSG较多的部位,泡沫细胞及CA也较多,三者之间可能存在联系,并提出CA是脑挫伤后反应性产物之一,可用于推断脑损伤时间。     

Anger and Aggression: A New Beginning?

Within our civilian population, Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) has become a major health problem. Consequences of anger and aggression have resulted in incarceration rates which place the United States as the world's leader with 2.2 million people in prisons and jails. The current treatment of anger and aggression is based primarily on theories that were developed in the early 1980s. Advances in neuroscientific knowledge have exponentially added to our understanding of the underlying biological basis and neuroanatomy of violence and aggression. Through a binaural sound‐based non‐verbal intervention, we have found a key to unlock long‐term memory (Reconsolidation) that facilitates rapid remediation of anger and violence issues. Within our Pilot Study findings, a number of our combat‐veterans with Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) experienced a positive transformation in their capacity to evidence empathy, intimacy and social engagement as contrasted with their prior isolative tendencies. We extrapolate how this intervention might positively impact those engaged in Anger Management (AM) and IPV programs.     

There is No Pill for Deliberation: Explaining Discourse Quality in Post‐conflict Communities

Recent experimental research suggests that ordinary citizens are capable of behaving in a democratic and deliberative way in controversial political debates, when given the right instructions. In this study, we test the potential of such instructions in contexts where levels of polarization, conflict and social marginalization are high. Using a randomized controlled experimental design, we test the effect of encouraging members of marginalized and conflict‐affected communities in Colombia to live up to the deliberative ideal, including free participation, mutual respect, justification of arguments, and contributing to the common good. Results indicate that deliberative instructions have a positive effect on intervention levels, but fail to increase discourse quality. We also find that socio‐economic differences (especially education and gender), as well as inter‐group trust dynamics, explain much of the variation in discourse quality. Promoting deliberative democracy under unfavorable conditions might therefore require a combination of short‐term policy measures aimed at increasing communal trust, long‐term efforts to improve schooling levels, and ensuring constraint‐free participation. There is, however, no treatment yet that can ensure deliberation success.     

China and the middle-income trap: toward a Post Washington,Post Beijing Consensus

Abstract

Over the last 30 years, China has experienced tremendous growth, with many commentators attributing the rapid development to the ‘China Model’ (CM) or the ‘Beijing Consensus’ (BC). However, in recent years growth has slowed and an ever-increasing number of bears are predicting a financial crisis, economic collapse, and a very hard landing, perhaps even a lost decade a la Japan. All of this has led to heated debate about whether the CM is now exhausted, whether China is caught in ‘the middle-income trap’ (MIT) and whether a new model is needed for the next phase of development where China attempts the difficult transition from middle-income country to high-income country status. This article addresses the following five sets of issues. First, is there a CM or BC? If so, what does it entail, and does it differ from the model followed by other successful countries in East Asia? Second, is there a MIT? Is China stuck in the MIT or perhaps multiple MITs? Third, what adjustments to the economic model are required for China to continue its long march toward becoming a high-income country? Fourth, are political, legal and social reforms also required? If so, will all reforms proceed simultaneously or are reforms likely to be sequenced, with adjustments to the economy preceding reforms in other areas? Fifth, is there now a global convergence on a new model of development for developing countries – a Post-Washington, Post-Beijing Consensus?     

后京都时代：建立可持续碳排放政策的法律意义探析

碳是所有石化燃料的重要组成部分。由于我们越来越多地依赖碳燃料,释放到大气中的二氧化碳浓度也在迅速增加。多数科学家和政府承认温室气体已经并将继续为地球和人类带来灾难,包括频繁的恶劣天气,自然生态系统被破坏。所以“（控制）碳排放”、“碳中和”这样的专业术语,已经成为被大多数人所理解、接受、并采取行动的基础。随着“后京都时代”的来临,发达国家要求发展中国家制定强制性标准,共同为遏制全球气候变暖和可持续发展承担责任成为大势所趋。     

汽车和挂车后下部防护装置安装使用现状分析

后下部防护装置是减少高速公路小车追尾货车事故的重要技术手段,但现阶段这一装置的应用状况普遍较差,导致社会危害和给社会造成的损失巨大。要从根本上改变目前这一状况,需要从多方面入手加以整治。     

“家务”辨——兼论“80后”中的“零家务”现象

"零家务"是好是坏,其焦点在于对家务的不同理解上。家务是每一个家庭成员生存发展必然涉及、必须做好的事务集合,是对家人及其生活、发展,以亲情乃至深情抚摸的一种方式、载体和过程。"零家务"现象,是一些"80后"成长过程的产物,也包含着其对生活方式个性化、多元性的自觉追求和探索。     

科学发展观与后现代主义

后现代主义发展观是对现代主义、现代化所蕴含的理性精神的批判和解构。它的合理性表现在拒绝分离秩序论,倡导有机整体论;消解人类中心主义,倡导人与自然和谐发展。而绝对化的否定观,缺乏斗争的统一性是其发展观的失误。当前我们所提的全面、协调和可持续的科学发展观,既是对我国社会主义建设经验的科学总结,更是批判吸收后现代主义发展观的积极成分,克服其片面性因素的产物。