中国法学的概念解析——兼谈中国法学向何处去

中国法学在概念分析上有着自己独特的中国性质、中国品格和中国逻辑。也正是这样的概念属性,决定了中国法学在当代或者可预见的一段时间内所面临的困境仍然是一种现代主义困境。因此,重申并更新现代主义内涵仍然是中国法学未来相当长时间内必须面临的发展主题。     

“反对解释”有效性的逻辑考察

一般认为,不是所有的法条都可以进行反对解释。但是,所有的表示法律效果的法条都有其反面含义,都有与其等价的逆反命题。笔者经过研究认为,如果认为反对解释就是根据文字的正面含义推测其反面含义,那么所有的假言推理式的法条都有其反对解释。但是,只有法律要件和法律效果构成必要条件和充要条件的假言命题的法条,才可以采取否定法律要件进而否定法律效果的解释方式。充分条件的假言推理式的法条只能进行否定法律效果进而否定法律要件的反对解释,在这种情况下,否定法律要件,不能必然否定法律效果。     

法家重刑思想的逻辑分析

法家有其独特的重刑思想的逻辑。以“民性”、“民情”为法家重刑理论的归宿,基于人性发展起“以刑去刑”的理论,着眼于轻罪重刑。法家总是把“富国”放在首要地位,否定了“富民”、“足民”的意义,只是单纯使用重刑。法家讲求“胜民”、“制民”、“弱民”,高度发达了告奸理论。法家重刑的出发点和最后归宿,都被说成是善良的,是基于“爱民”、“亲民”而达到“利民”的。法家的重刑思想到秦灭亡前夕,得到了淋漓尽致的表现,致使其二世而亡。     

高职高专公安院校教育思想研究的逻辑起点探析

逻辑起点是一种理论或一门学科研究的出发点,正确的定位对于理论的发展和体系的构建起着至关重要的作用。"以就业为导向"的高职高专教育思想观念是现行高职高专教育思想研究的逻辑起点,其源自高职教育的逻辑起点"供求"。笔者在借鉴高职教育"供求"逻辑起点的基础上,提出以"需求"为公安教育的逻辑起点,其内涵为公安教育要"培养公安机关亟需的,以具有国家公务员身份为必要条件的,既有国际水准又具有中国特色的高素质的人民警察"。公安教育思想研究既要以其作为研究或分析的开始,并要以此为核心,演绎出整个公安教育理论体系的逻辑主线和结构,从而为促进我国公安教育的可持续发展提供科学的理论支持。     

海岛主权争端适用有效控制规则的国内法逻辑

晚近国际法院的实践催生了海岛主权争端中适用有效控制规则的日渐成熟和完善,然而,海岛主权争端的复杂性,导致了适用有效控制规则中所考量的各种因素或者证据的权重和分量的不同。在理解国际法的财产权逻辑日渐成熟和被接受的情境下,理解海岛主权争端适用有效控制规则的国内法逻辑,即从国际法体系中的"国内法"因素、国际法体系中作为"事实"的国内法以及国际法院的司法中证据规则三个角度来诠释适用有效控制规则的国内法逻辑进路,将为理性理解有效控制规则提供另一种绵长的动力。主要海洋国家的海岛立法表达模式表明,有效控制规制的适用不仅受到不同海岛立法的表达模式的影响和制约,而且理解适用有效控制规则的国内法逻辑的务实措施是强化国内立法,且必须明确国内法表达的类型、特点与机制。中国同周边国家的海岛主权争端为深入和系统地审视有效控制规则提供了实践经验和依据,更为海岛主权争端适用有效控制规则提供了理论修订机会。就中国而言,在理解海岛主权争端适用有效控制规则的国内法表达上,一方面要展开海岛立法的顶层设计,另一方面要有选择地强化特定海岛的专门立法。     

The Effects of Media and their Logic on Legitimacy Sources within Local Governance Networks: A Three-Case Comparative Study

Although theoretical and empirical work on the democratic legitimacy of governance networks is growing, little attention has been paid to the impact of mediatisation on democracies. Media have their own logic of news-making led by the media’s rules, aims, production routines and constraints, which affect political decision-making processes. In this article, we specifically study how media and their logic affect three democratic legitimacy sources of political decision-making within governance networks: voice, due deliberation and accountability. We conducted a comparative case study of three local governance networks using a mixed method design, combining extensive qualitative case studies, interviews and a quantitative content analysis of media reports. In all three cases, media logic increased voice possibilities for citizen groups. Furthermore, it broadened the deliberation process, although this did not improve the quality of this process per se, because the media focus on drama and negativity. Finally, media logic often pushed political authorities into a reactive communication style as they had to fight against negative images in the media. Proactive communication about projects, such as public relation (PR) strategies and branding, is difficult in such a media landscape.     

Milton's army: The white house press corps

White House reporters follow a path constructed by presidential advisers that they hope will lead them to fulfill goals set by their news organizations. White House officials ration them facilities for work, access to newsworthy people, and reportable information in amounts that depend on the importance to the President of the type of media they work in, the status of their particular news organization, and the staff's respect for the influence and competence of a particular individual. In this context, several constraints that affect White House reporting are discussed here: those placed on reporters by their organizations; by the way their type of media covers the White House; by their relations with each other; and by their concepts of what they are required to do. The framework for this discussion and analysis is a classification by type of media and news organizations that assign journalists to the White House. Of the resulting six categories, the first three have the most structural and organizational influence and are given the most attention. The special status, unique history, and influence of photographers at the White House require that they be treated separately.     

扎实推进社会主义文化强国建设思想的价值逻辑——建构中国特色社会主义文化话语体系的理论特色

党的十八大报告把中国特色社会主义文化建设推向了一个新的高度。＂扎实推进社会主义文化强国建设＂思想凝结着中国共产党文化建设思想的智慧,体现了建构中国特色社会主义文化话语体系理论特色的价值逻辑。其蕴含的新观点、新精髓、新思路、新提法,丰富了建构社会主义文化话语体系的先进特色、民族特色、和谐特色、时代特色的重要理论内涵。新观点体现了建构中国特色社会主义文化话语体系先进特色的价值目标。新精髓形成了建构中国特色社会主义文化话语体系民族特色的理论核心。新思路体现了建构中国特色社会主义文化话语体系和谐特色的发展导向。新提法体现了建构中国特色社会主义文化话语体系时代特色的实践创新。     

Choosing your own Boss: Variations of Representation Foci in Mixed Electoral Systems

Members of parliament are privileged agents. They can choose who to regard as their principal: the entire nation, a particular electoral district or a political party. Focusing on two countries with mixed electoral systems, Romania and Hungary, the article documents the dominance of the electoral logic of role-formation over the constraints of legislative organisation and the influence of socialisation. The focus of representation is found to be only modestly influenced by the degree of the embeddedness of MPs in political structures and hierarchies. The association of the seat with a particular territorial unit, on the other hand, has a robust effect even when this association originates in the political environment and not in formal rules. Finally, the psychological effect of losing a Single Member District is also found to influence how MPs perceive their representative role.     

海洋资源权属制度的多维解读

海洋资源利用的"xx使用权模式"引发一系列海洋资源权属理论上的困境。在"体系后研究范式"下,海洋资源权属从"公有物"到私权盛行的变迁,表明传统私法视域下海洋资源权属制度具有反思和检讨的必要性,这是由海洋资源权属立法上的诟病、适用范畴的不周全性以及理论依据的争议性所决定的。基于海洋资源国家所有权、环境法理念以及国家主权或者管理权等多维逻辑进路的考量,海洋资源权属制度是公私法色彩兼具的混合权属机制。海洋资源权属制度的多维解读,其主要的现实价值在于提升民族的海洋意识和海洋能力。