Rethinking Timing of First Sex and Delinquency

The relation between timing of first sex and later delinquency was examined using a genetically informed sample of 534 same-sex twin pairs from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, who were assessed at three time points over a 7-year interval. Genetic and environmental differences between families were found to account for the association between earlier age at first sex and increases in delinquency. After controlling for these genetic and environmental confounds using a quasi-experimental design, earlier age at first sex predicted lower levels of delinquency in early adulthood. The current study is contrasted with previous research with non-genetically informative samples, including Armour and Haynie (2007, Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 36, 141–152). Results suggest a more nuanced perspective on the meaning and consequences of adolescent sexuality than is commonly put forth in the literature.

宜宾新型农村合作医疗的现状、问题及对策研究

经过几年的改革试点和实践，新型农村合作医疗制度建设取得了一定成效。与此同时，这项制度在推广过程中碰到许多制约因素，面临许多突出的问题。如何有效解决这些问题，已经成为制度进一步发展并顺利发挥其积极作用的关键。该文以宜宾市新型农村合作医疗试点工作的开展为例，通过对试点区县现状、问题的介绍，旨在为解决问题、实现制度的良性运行和可持续发展提出相应的对策建议。     

性权利与婚姻的冲突与衡平

婚姻是对性的某种束缚,配偶权与性自主权之间存在固有的张力和冲突。平衡配偶权与个人性权利的关系,不仅要考虑到个体的自由,也需要捍卫婚姻的合理价值。为此,强化配偶间的忠实义务、同居义务的同时,对非婚性行为、婚外性行为适度宽容和规范,改革离婚法,以促进个体的性权利的实现。     

Sex and the genuine marriage: consummation and conjugality in Canadian citizenship

The idea of consummation as definitive of a marriage seems antiquated today. Yet, consummation operates as a central criterion in determinations of a ‘genuine marriage’ in Canadian immigration law. Drawing on the marriage and migration literature, theorizations of sexual citizenship, and critical multiculturalism, we explore recent judicial considerations of consummation in Canadian family sponsorship adjudications. We searched the CanLII database (a Canadian database of legislation and judicial records) for the keywords ‘non-consummation’ and ‘genuine marriage’ and identified 68 cases. Of these cases, three primary themes emerged: the use of consummation as a ‘technology of love’ – a requirement for assessing the authenticity of the spousal relationship and hence the worthiness of sponsorship; the discursive construction of sexual and gendered norms in expectations around marital intimacy, and the articulation of liberal tolerance and the cultural other in the assessments of genuine marriages among primarily racialized Canadians or permanent residents and their foreign spouses. We challenge these discursive narratives and conclude by arguing that instead of consummation as the basis for genuine marriage, the Law Commission of Canada’s ‘close personal relationship’ model is a better way to assess the ‘genuineness’ of relationships for determining Canadian citizenship.     

Performance of the supervised learning algorithms in sex estimation of the proximal femur: A comparative study in contemporary Egyptian and Turkish samples

Sex estimation standards are population specific however, we argue that machine learning techniques (ML) may enhance the biological sex determination on trans-population application. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) versus nine ML including quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA), support vector machine (SVM), Decision Tree (DT), Gaussian process (GPC), Naïve Bayesian (NBC), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Random Forest (RFM) and Adaptive boosting (Adaboost) were compared. The experiments involve two contemporary populations: Turkish (n = 300) and Egyptian populations (n = 100) for training and validation, respectively. Base models were calibrated using isotonic and sigmoid calibration schemes. Results were analyzed at posterior probabilities (pp) thresholds >0.95 and >0.80. At pp = 0.5, ML algorithms yielded comparable accuracies in the training (90% to 97%) and test sets (81% to 88%) which are not modified after employing the calibration techniques. At pp >0.95, the raw RFM, LDA, QDA, and SVM models have shown the best performance however, calibration techniques improved the performance of various classifier especially NBC and Adaboost. By contrast, the performance of GPC, KNN, QDA models worsened by calibration. RFM has shown the best performance among all models at both thresholds whereas LDA benefited the best from using both calibration methods at pp >0.80. Complex ML models are not necessarily achieving better performance metrics. LDA and QDA remain the fastest and simplest classifiers. We demonstrated the capability of enhancing sex estimation using ML on an independent population sample however, differences in the underlying probability distribution generated by models were detected which warranted more cautious application by forensic practitioners.     

从性别政治到性欲政治——台湾女性思潮变迁的一个侧面

近30年来，台湾女性运动与思潮发展迅猛。特别在上世纪90年代，焦点一度从争取参政权、财产权等公共领域转入“私领域”，更多地关注女性的性欲和身体。这一发展，深刻地显示了台湾社会女性思潮的重大变化。     

国内信访制度研究的现状与争议

近年来,由于信访困境的不断凸显,信访问题受到了学术界的持续关注,信访制度研究也由此不断走向深入,同时信访制度及其价值在学术界也引发了诸多的争议和思考.在制度定位和价值取向方面,学界基本认为其经历了一个角色和功能变迁与位移的过程;在信访制度运行现状方面,学界基本肯定其具有一定的积极作用,但目前信访制度的运行就整体来讲并不理想;在信访制度的改革取向上争议颇大,形成了诸多观点与改革设想.     

疑罪从无处理的程序法规制

疑罪从无处理程序的法治化,是贯彻疑罪从无原则的客观需要,又是提升疑罪案件从无处理过程及结果社会认同度与司法公信力的必然要求。为解决疑罪从无处理程序规范不足与司法实践随意性大等问题,应依法规制疑罪从无处理权,明确赋予侦查机关疑罪从无处理建议权,类型化配置存疑不起诉决定权,完善审判机关证据不足无罪判决权以及司法救济权;应依法规制证据不足的判断标准,重视证据不足判断标准的相对独立性,完善与细化现行证据不足的判断标准,强化证据不足无罪判决与存疑不起诉决定的说理制度;应依法规制疑罪从无处理过程,设立相对独立的疑罪处理程序,全面实现疑罪处理程序的多重功能。     

如何构建控辩平等的取证机制之调查研究

从分析我国控辩双方取证能力之现状入手,认为1996年刑诉法的修改没有解决控辩双方取证能力严重失衡的问题,故立法追求庭审对抗实质化的意图未能实现。该调查报告在分析当事人主义庭审模式下,应为增强被告方取证能力采取措施的基础上,提出了为实现我国庭审实质化而必须增强被告方取证能力的主张。     

大学生网络安全意识现状与对策研究

目前，在校大学生在享受着网络带来便利的同时，自身网络安全意识薄弱、网络安全知识和技能缺乏阻碍了他们对网络的进一步利用。结合大学生网络安全意识的问卷调研情况，分析、研究这种现状，提出了一些具体的建议和想法。