规避执行法律识别机制的探索与构建——以类型化模式分析为基础

建立可操作的规避执行行为识别机制是目前突破执行规避、破解执行僵局的首要任务。类型化模式是分析建立规避执行行为识别机制的有效路径,规避执行可以分为主体规避、财产规避、滥用法定程序规避、其他规避等四种类型。在类型化模式的基础上分别梳理出可操作的判断标准和适用程序,并进行有效的责任追究,是破解规避执行行为的理想方式。     

Administrative Innovations and Accountability Failures: The Termination of the Spanish Telecommunications Agency

We discuss how far accountability practices may be relevant to the success of independent regulators in countries without a tradition of administrative autonomy. We develop a conceptualisation of agency accountability failures and develop an analytical framework to examine the life and termination of the Spanish regulatory agency for telecommunications, CMT (Comisión del Mercado de las Telecomunicaciones - Telecommunications Market Commission). We argue that the CMT’s termination was related, among other reasons, to accountability failures in its institutional design. The paper relies on a variety of sources, including legislation, literature, media coverage, and semistructured interviews with agency officials and several stakeholders.     

On the political and democratic preconditions of equal recognition

Alan Patten’s Equal Recognition is a compelling justification of a liberal, procedural conception of recognition. This conception is built upon a convincing conception of moral equality, but it does not offer a full theoretical discussion of recognition. I argue that the liberal recognition provided by Patten is too formal and narrow to address all relevant issues regarding conflicts of recognition in democratic societies. In particular, it does not consider the political and democratic preconditions that should be granted to minority groups or immigrants in order to provide them fair opportunities to effectively (and not only formally) reach equal recognition.     

International Transitional Administrations and the Politics of Authority Building

This article critically examines authority-building practices of international transitional administrations (ITAs) engaged in statebuilding, and evaluates authority building as a framework for understanding the practices of statebuilding operations. It argues that war-torn states rarely lack actors claiming authority, but that these claims are often competing and mutually exclusive, and frequently not widely recognized. Building authority, therefore, requires ITAs to choose between different actors, recognizing the authority claims of some and withholding recognition from others, seeking ways to strengthen their ability to justify their authority claims vis-à-vis domestic and international audiences. Through authority-building practices, external actors directly become part of the political competition and dynamics of war-affected societies. The discussion of authority building by ITAs proceeds in three steps. The first section outlines the concept of political authority, in particular in the context of fragile states and of ITAs, and discusses relevant methodological issues. The second section then examines three distinct aspects of authority building by ITAs: claiming and justifying their own authority, recognizing and validating the authority claims of local actors, and strengthening the capacity of local actors to justify their authority claims. The final section concludes the paper with some reflections on political authority and authority building.     

建党90年先进性建设制度创新的成就和经验

中国共产党建党90年来,党在党章根本制度、学习教育制度、党的领导制度、党内民主制度和干部人事制度改革等先进性建设制度方面的创新历经探索发展,取得了丰硕而重大的成就。认真总结创新积累的新鲜经验,不断深化认识党的先进性建设中制度创新的规律性,可以更有效地推进党的先进性建设。     

论李大钊对马克思主义信仰的认同逻辑

李大钊对马克思主义的认同是近代中国人接受和认同马克思主义过程中的一个典型案例。研究李大钊认同马克思主义的行为,搞清楚李大钊为什么认同马克思主义,怎样认同马克思主义,以及认同什么样的马克思主义这些基本问题,对于从主体和感性方面理解马克思主义在中国社会的全面兴起具有重要意义。     

日本预防组织犯罪对策的要点及其启示

日本包括西方许多国家的组织犯罪,在某种意义上均可说是与制度有关或由制度造成,因此,日本基于这种环境,在＂对策＂中首先从＂法＂的高度进行组织保障,从＂修法＂起步,制定＂纲要＂指南、规范过程实施,强化重点保证,以及在宏观处立足、在过程中掌控细节等。随着中国国际化程度的不断提高和经济全球化进程的不断提速,国际上的一些职业犯罪包括敌对势力和邪教等组织肯定都会把触角伸向中国,中国警方必须积极应对、未雨绸缪,制定中国式的预防组织犯罪对策,即充分发挥制度优势,清除组织犯罪滋生成长环境、把组织犯罪消灭在萌芽状态和拒之于国门之外。     

分配制度、收入差距与中等收入陷阱的跨越——基于日本的经验

20世纪中叶至80年代,日本逐步完善了以藏富于民为基础,以稳定就业为核心,以最低工资为保障,以收入倍增为目标的初次收入分配制度,并在再分配过程中,形成了统一均衡的财政制度、直接税主导的税收制度与保险特征的社会保障制度,并配套实施分类分级的高额累进制所得税与健全全民性社保体系。通过收入分配制度有效供给,日本创造了"一亿国民皆中产"的平等神话,从而成功地跨越了"中等收入陷阱",跻身于高收入国家行列。日本的成功经验,对于正面临居民收入差距持续扩大与落入"中等收入陷阱"风险加大的中国来说,具有重要启发与借鉴意义。     

租:公共政策的意蕴

本文从布坎南关于"租"的论述出发,运用新制度主义方法重新审视"租"的公共政策意蕴,认为公共政策是一种正式制度安排,本质上是关于规定个体和集体选择集的制度安排结构;在制度变迁中,由于不同体制、权利和组织设置而获得的额外收益就是"租",这是公共政策存在的理由;寻租是有成本的,表现为政治交易费用,政府创租和利益集团寻租是不同的两种政治交易过程,表现为公共政策议程;有效率的公共政策选择依赖于制度结构,是制度结构赋予成本和收益以意义。     

Globalization and institutional competitiveness

Only dead institutions do not change and only rarely do institutions change by themselves. To maintain performing institutions takes institutional entrepreneurs who are willing to take risks and who possess the capacity and the talent to innovate. A regulation discourse, in contrast to a marketization discourse, would not picture the relationship between globalization and institutional change as a deterministic one. Rather, it would expect that all kinds of actors play a large number of different roles in the course of ongoing institutional change. The result of such complex institutional change, at the level of welfare states, multinational businesses, public administration, and training systems, to mention just a few of the empirical areas covered in this special issue, cannot be fully understood by applying an overly rigid, static, and dualistic approach to modern capitalist economies. The concept of institutional competitiveness, on the contrary, allows for institutional entrepreneurship and institutional hybrids constituting pulsating polities.