宗教自由基本权利的肥大症——关于宗教和世界观自由与一般权利有效性请求的关系

当人们通览宗教和世界观自由的基本权利在过去十几年里的实际运用和法教义学上的发展时,很难忽略其在规范性轮廓上萎缩这一事实。这一现象由构成要件要素的发展上更多地考虑主观标准所承载,并且经由联邦宪法法院在司法判例中对有关限制问题的决断性的、限制性的判决而被强化。因此,相对于依据宗教或者世界观的动机而提起的个人的发展请求,一般的法治国规范的有效领域持续地受到限制。当相关现象的潜在冲突在德国呈现趋势性增长的时候,这样的判断就显得越发的危险。     

Webcasters’ protection under copyright – A comparative study

This paper studies the fourth generation ‘peer-2-peer’ (P2P) file sharing technology which is also known as streaming technology from the technology point of view. It critically analyses the nature of streaming technology and assesses similarities to broadcasting for the purpose of copyright protection in the name of webcasting. In addition, it considers the possibility of protecting webcasting within the framework of broadcasting under copyright and the extent of broadcasters’ rights applicable to webcasters. Based on the conclusions derived from the discussion of UK, New Zealand, Italian and US law on streaming, WIPO Standing Committee on Copyright and Related Rights (SCCR) draft documents will be critically analyzed. The Last part of this work will offer suggestions as to how to protect webcasting (streaming technology) under the umbrella of copyright.     

法医STR分型电泳凝胶稳定参数的探讨

目的探讨对法医STR基因分型检测使用的毛细管电泳筛分介质进行评价的参数,为电泳凝胶验证评价提供参考指标。方法采用ABI 3130xl遗传分析仪,以3130 POP-4TM凝胶为筛分介质,以分子量内标GS500LIZ和Typer500为样本,多批次进行毛细管电泳;对原始数据进行分组统计,得到单碱基对相对迁移时间及其相对标准偏差（RSD）。结果分子量内标GS500LIZ和Typer500在POP-4TM凝胶中电泳,单碱基对相对迁移时间的统计结果表现趋势相似,即随着DNA片段增大,单碱基对相对迁移时间的均值减小,标准差及相对标准偏差增大。组间方差分析结果符合方差齐性,P〈0.01,组间多重比较,P〈0.000 28（Bonferron校正）。结论单碱基对相对迁移时间的相对标准偏差（RSD）是毛细管电泳重现性的重要参数,可为凝胶研发和验证提供参考性指标。     

线粒体DNA短片段复合扩增系统鉴别种属的研究

目的建立线粒体DNA短片段复合扩增体系用于种属鉴定的方法。方法提取人、牛、猪、羊、鸡的DNA,用所选的3对引物复合扩增细胞色素b基因（cyt b）片段、16srRNA基因片段和ND4基因片段,扩增产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测。结果人DNA扩增产物在358bp、157bp和110bp处各出现一条带;动物DNA扩增产物均只有358bp一条带。结论线粒体DNA短片段复合扩增鉴别种属的方法可区分人源性生物检材和其它动物样本,可应用于法庭科学实践。     

高效液相色谱法测定人血液、尿液中的2,4-D丁酯

目的建立检测血液、尿液中2,4-D丁酯的高效液相色谱分析方法。方法采用正己烷为样品萃取溶剂,色谱柱为Zorbax SB-Aq柱,流动相为V（甲醇）∶V（水）=60∶40。结果 2,4-D丁酯在血液和尿液中的线性范围分别为0.10～10.00μg/mL（r≥0.999 8）和0.08～8.00μg/mL（r≥0.999 5）,检测限分别为0.002 0μg/mL和0.001 8μg/mL,准确度为94.5%～104.5%,日内、日间精密度≤4.5%。结论本研究建立的血液、尿液中2,4-D丁酯的提取和HPLC检测方法,可应用于2,4-D丁酯中毒的快速检验和中毒死亡的法医学鉴定。     

Änderungskündigung

Für Bestandverh?ltnisse, auf die noch § 1 Abs 2 Z 4 MRG aF weiterhin anzuwenden ist (§ 49d Abs 2 MRG), gilt auch § 45 Abs 3 MRG nF wie für Mietgegenst?nde nach § 1 Abs 4 Z 1 MRG nF (weiter). Ab dem Anhebungsbegehren des Vermieters nach § 45 MRG gelten ua die §§ 18ff MRG. Nur wenn das Verlangen nach einem Erhaltungsbeitrag wegen der H?he des vereinbarten Hauptmietzinses nicht m?glich w?re, der vereinbarte Hauptmietzins aber zur Erhaltung des Hauses nicht ausreichte, k?me eine "?nderungskündigung" in Betracht. Es ist n?mlich lediglich die Einhebung eines Erhaltungsbeitrages, nicht aber eine ?nderungskündigung mit dem Ziel m?glich, den Mieter zu einer Erh?hung des Hauptmietzinses auf das angemessene Ma? zu bringen.     

Methyl 3-[3',4'-(methylenedioxy)phenyl]-2-methyl glycidate: an ecstasy precursor seized in Sydney, Australia

Five 44 gallon drums labeled as glycidyl methacrylate were seized by the Australian Customs Service and the Australian Federal Police at Port Botany, Sydney, Australia, in December 2004. Each drum contained a white, semisolid substance that was initially suspected to be 3,4-methylenedioxymethylamphetamine (MDMA). Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis demonstrated that the material was neither glycidyl methacrylate nor MDMA. Because intelligence sources employed by federal agents indicated that this material was in some way connected to MDMA production, suspicion fell on the various MDMA precursor chemicals. Using a number of techniques including proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H NMR), carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((13)C NMR), GC/MS, infrared spectroscopy, and total synthesis, the unknown substance was eventually identified as methyl 3-[3',4'(methylenedioxy)phenyl]-2-methyl glycidate. The substance was also subjected to a published hydrolysis and decarboxylation procedure and gave a high yield of the MDMA precursor chemical, 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl-2-propanone, thereby establishing this material as a "precursor to a precursor."     

复方苦芩对小鼠免疫功能及犬IL-4 mRNA和IFN-γ mRNA表达的影响

为了探讨复方苦芩对免疫低下小鼠免疫功能和对犬细胞因子IL-4mRNA、IFN-γmRNA表达的影响,将120只小鼠随机分为空白对照组、模型组(环磷酰胺造免疫低下小鼠模型,不给药)、阳性药物对照组(黄芪多糖注射液)、复方苦芩制剂高、中、低剂量组,连续给药7d,给药后,除空白对照组外,各组腹腔注射环磷酰胺0.2mL(80mg/kg)制造免疫低下模型,1次/d,共3d。于末次给药后第1小时,测定碳粒廓清指数、脾指数、胸腺脏器指数及T、B淋巴细胞转化率;建立犬细小病毒模型,用反转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)法观察复方苦芩对犬细胞因子IL-4mRNA、IFN-γmRNA表达的影响。结果显示,复方苦芩能增加小鼠脾指数和胸腺指数,明显增加T、B淋巴细胞的转化率和碳清值,降低犬细小病毒引起的犬血清细胞因子IL-4含量及其mRNA表达的增加,升高犬细小病毒引起的犬血清IFN-γ含量及其mRNA表达的降低。结果表明,复方苦芩具有增强小鼠非特异性免疫功能,降低犬血清细胞因子IL-4含量及其mRNA的表达,升高犬血清IFN-γ含量及其mRNA的表达的作用。     

保险诈骗罪第4款解释路径的法律分析

片面共犯由于违背共同故意要件因而不属于共同犯罪,其不能对保险诈骗罪第4款的法律性质作出合理的解释。保险诈骗罪第4款既不属于法律拟制和注意规定,也不属于想象竞合和法规竞合,其是法律文本主义的当然解释,亦是大竞合理论下,适用从一重处断原则的当然结果。     

Methyl tert‐Butyl Ether (MTBE) Detected in Abnormally High Concentrations in Postmortem Blood and Urine from Two Persons Found Dead Inside a Car Containing a Gasoline Spill

Two deep frozen persons, a female and a male, were found dead in a car. There had been an explosive fire inside the car which had extinguished itself. On the floor inside the car were large pools of liquid which smelled of gasoline. The autopsy findings and routine toxicological analyses could not explain the cause of death. Carboxyhemoglobin levels in the blood samples were <10%. Analysis with a headspace gas chromatography revealed methyl tert‐butyl ether (MTBE) concentrations of 185 mg/L (female victim) and 115 mg/L (male victim) in peripheral blood. The urine MTBE concentrations were 150 mg/L and 256 mg/L, respectively. MTBE is a synthetic chemical which is added to gasoline as a fuel oxygenate. Gasoline poisoning is likely to be the cause of the death in these two cases, and MTBE can be a suitable marker of gasoline exposure, when other volatile components have vaporized.