“私代履行人”的理论定位及规范建议

虽然《行政强制法》规定行政强制措施权不得委托给私人,但是在代履行中,却存在着"私代履行人"参与公法任务的空间。"私代履行人"理应被定位为行政助手。然而,作为公私协力的模式之一,行政助手理论制度存在一系列争议,需要对委托机关与"私代履行人"的法律关系性质、"私代履行人"的代理权行使及其侵权的行政救济等问题消除歧见。在此基础上,对"私代履行人"的条件、职责、权利义务、诉讼途径及法律责任等进行规范建议。     

Contracting Out: Dutch Municipalities Reject the Solution for the VAT Distortion

In 2003, the Dutch government introduced a VAT-compensation fund in order to create a level playing field for local governments with respect to Value Added Tax (VAT). This fund eliminates the effect of the tax difference between local governments that supply services themselves and local governments that contract out services to the private sector. However, as this article shows, according to most municipalities, differences in their treatment in terms of VAT did not hinder the contracting out of public services. Therefore, the VAT compensation fund lacks legitimacy. It appears to have had little effect so far, as the number of contracted-out public services has hardly increased since its introduction. In general, municipalities have a negative opinion of the fund. They state that non-budgetary effects and institutional considerations, such as the quality of services, the vulnerability of municipal activities and concern for employment in the municipality itself, are more relevant to decision making on outsourcing.     

试论流域生态补偿基金制度的构建

流域生态补偿基金制度是法律对流域生态补偿基金性质和资金的来源方式、使用、保值增值、管理等所作的系统性的规定,是流域生态补偿基金的规范化、系统化、法制化理论依据、现实必要性和可行性探索的法律规范的集合。构建流域生态补偿基金制度有利于衡平流域生态利益、保护流域生态环境,对流域生态可持续发展具有重要意义。     

工伤保险赔偿与第三人侵权损害赔偿竞合问题之思考-兼谈对《社会保险法》第42条的理解与适用

工伤保险赔偿与第三人民事侵权损害赔偿竞合是一直困扰着司法理论和实务界的一个疑难问题,由于我国现行法律对此类问题的处理缺乏具体、明确的规定,由此给司法理论和实践带来了许多争议。如何在理论上进一步厘清此类问题,探索出更加客观、科学的裁判标准,推动相关法律的制订、修改与完善,已势在必行、刻不容缓。     

行政诉讼中作证性行政证明证据形式的认定研究

实践中的行政证明可划分为行政确认性行政证明和作证性行政证明两类。行政审判中将行政证明一概作为书证加以审查认定实质上是一种误区。行政主体作出行政证明的类别相异．其证据形式也应当区别对待。将作证性行政证明归入证人证言的证据形式是解除行政诉讼中作证性行政证明作为证据材料使用时面临困境的较好路径。     

仲裁庭独立性原则思考

我国仲裁独立性原则及相应的法律法规还停留在保障仲裁机构独立性的层面,忽视了对仲裁庭本身作为仲裁契约性主体的独立仲裁权的认定。目前,仲裁机构的管理模式实际上是一种异化的模式,仲裁员的聘任及选定制度,极大地限制了当事人意思自治,使得仲裁的契约性失去了赖以存在的根基。完善仲裁庭独立性原则,必须实行仲裁机构管理制度的行政性剥离,明确取消内部仲裁员制度,变强制性的＂仲裁员名册制度＂为推荐制,正确界分仲裁机构与仲裁庭的性质与职责范围,真正实现仲裁活动的应有价值。     

误工费赔偿标准的计算方法

在民事审判实践中,误工费赔偿标准往往是当事人争议的焦点,运用不同标准计算确定的误工费赔偿额差距达40%以上。合情、合理、合法的误工费计算方法应该是上一年度职工工资除以＂年计薪天数＂而不是＂日历天数365＂,这一理论不仅适用于＂无固定收入者＂,也同样适用于有固定收入者。建议最高人民法院能在全国范围内将误工费的计算方法予以统一。     

论国有土地上房屋征收与补偿中弱势群体的权益保护

《国有土地上房屋征收与补偿条例》历经四年多的调研、座谈、论证、征求意见、反复修改,于2011年1月21日颁布,自发布之日起实施。尽管条例在一定程度上完善了被征收人在征收全过程中的各项权利,但面对强大的国家权力,被征收人依然处于弱势地位,对征收补偿中弱势群体的权益保护还存在困境。就在条例实施之后发生的首例强拆事件就说明,制定出法律仅仅是第一步,还需要有配套规定来具体化,规定征收补偿的正当程序,廓清公共利益的范围,对征收补偿进行利益衡量。     

陕南水资源补偿机制初步分析

陕南是国家南水北调工程(中线)主要的水源地和陕西"引汉济渭"工程的水源地,其水资源状况对华北地区和关中地区的未来具有重大意义。从制度上保证陕南水资源的量与质,是必然的选择,水资源补偿机制的建立则是其重要内容。根据国家法律规定、国内外实践和经济学理论,并结合当地的实际情况,陕南水资源补偿机制应以政府主导模式为主,以一般性财政转移支付、水资源使用费返还等构建主要补偿基金;辅以市场调节的方式,引入国外资金和民间资金;给予永久性粮食补助等,以此三者的综合,形成陕南水资源的长效补偿机制。     

A Knowledge Representation Model for the Intelligent Retrieval of Legal Cases

In this paper, we develop a knowledge representation model forthe innovative intelligent retrieval of legal cases, which provideseffective legal case management. Examples are taken from thedomain of accident compensation. A new set of sub-elements forlegal case representation (sub-issues, pro-claimant, pro-respondentand contextual features) has been developed to extend the traditionalrepresentation elements of issues and factors. In our representationmodel, an issue may need to be further decomposed into sub-issues;factors are categorised into pro-claimant and pro-respondentfactors; and contextual features are also introduced to helpretrieval. These extensions can effectively reveal the factualrelevance between legal cases. Based on the knowledge representationmodel, we propose the IPF scheme for intelligent legal caseretrieval. Experiment and statistical analysis have been conductedto demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed representationmodel and retrieval scheme.