行政取证行为补偿制度之研究——兼论我国行政补偿制度之缺陷与完善

本文从现实发生的案例入手,分析论证了行政取证行为的强制性合法性非独立性处分性与后续行为的相关性补偿性等特点,并以此为突破口,从管理法与控权法的比较分析及行政责任制度的角度入手,深入探讨了我国行政补偿制度存在缺陷的传统文化因素与现实观念因素,进而提出包括行政取证在内的行政补偿制度完善的总目标。     

陕西人口老龄化及养老保险制度的改革与完善

人口老龄化问题是人类进入21世纪不可回避的社会问题。陕西省作为经济欠发达地区,现已进入老龄化社会,但目前的养老保险制度还存在一些问题,应进一步改革与完善。合理、健全的养老保险制度是解决老龄化问题的一条重要途径。     

产品责任之构成要件的比较研究——兼评我国产品责任相关立法

产品责任之构成要件是指具备哪些条件时产品制造商才必须承担责任。目前我国尚没有一个完整的产品责任法律体系,探究产品责任之构成要件,重新审视我国现行立法,构建一个具有中国特色同时与国际接轨的中国产品责任法律框架,已成为摆在我们面前的一个亟待解决的任务。     

“生命的价值”——日本死亡损害赔偿的判例与学说

日本判例坚持由遗族继承被害人损害赔偿请求权的法律构成,该赔偿请求权以未来之可得利益为主要内容,判例并发展出了计算可得利益的较为成熟的方法。鉴于以可得利益为中心的死亡损害赔偿将导致“生命价值”的巨大差异,学说上强力主张死亡赔偿的定额化与定型化,并对裁判实务发生了重大影响。     

从法律角度谈中国农村社会养老保险法律制度的构建

中国农村社会养老保险制度已走过了50多年建设历史,经历了从萌芽、发展到整顿规范过程。目前农村社会养老保险正处于探求新的管理制度,解决不规范问题的新时期。从法律视角研究中国农村社会养老保险法制建设中存在的问题以及对中国农村社会养老保险立法工作的必要性、外国立法借鉴及框架设计等问题将对中国农村社会养老保险制度构建具有重要意义。     

私有财产权的保护与行政补偿法制的完善

本文讨论了"人权入宪"的含义及其对行政补偿法制发展的影响,私有财产权的理念及其法律保护路径,私有财产权的限制与公共利益的界定,我国行政补偿法制发展路向等重大现实课题,提出了判断公共利益的六条标准和行政补偿立法的若干构想,旨在为完善我国行政补偿法制提供参考.     

The origins of severance pay in unemployment compensation: a comparative analysis

ABSTRACT

This article contributes to an under-developed field in the social policy literature through an analysis of the origins of severance pay (SP)/redundancy pay schemes and, more specifically, their first designs in nine countries—Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany, Austria, France, Italy, Sweden, Spain, and Portugal. It has two objectives: first, to identify the key actors who shaped the design of the first SP schemes; second, to explain variations in terms of their mode of regulation, generosity and coverage. By building on the state-centric and power-resource perspectives, it identifies the conditions under which the state had an autonomous role vis-à-vis organized labour in SP reforms and the circumstances under which organized labour was the main actor. When the state was the key actor, it preferred legislation for the regulation of SP either to legitimize its apparatus in a ‘revolutionary’/‘potentially revolutionary’ context or to facilitate structural transformations of the economy in a ‘reformist’ context. When organized labour was the key actor, its preference was to regulate SP through ‘only collective bargaining’ or ‘legislation’, subject to the degree of unionization. Lastly, the paper argues that key actors (the state or organized labour) took into account the distributive structure of existing UI schemes when designing the coverage and generosity structure of the first SP schemes during the post-war era.     

保险人明确说明义务批判

保险合同法可以体系化地解读为意思自治、给付均衡与合理期待三个核心原则的组合。立法者希望籍说明义务来消减信息不对称,贯彻意思自治。但在建构制度规范时,并未考虑信息传送方的履行成本,对信息接收方的识别成本与关注焦点也存在认识误区。这种过度理想化的设计已被实践证明是失败的。立法应废止实质性的明确说明义务,代之以形式化的信息提供义务。对于意思自治的不足,可以通过提升给付均衡度和更有效保障被保险人对获取保险产品的合理期待加以填补。     

巨灾保险试点问题解析及对策研究

巨灾保险试点运营以来,在取得了一定的巨灾风险管理成效的同时困难也不断出现,因此,如何进一步推行巨灾保险,是一个亟待解决的问题。本文在论述以巨灾保险转嫁巨灾风险与自助、互助、公助的理念相契合,巨灾风险之"公众性"和"社群性"决定了巨灾保险政府介入的必要性和有限性,巨灾保险与大数法则的矛盾及其化解,巨灾保险试点运营存在的问题与政府介入的维度、方式及回弹性的基础上,对推行巨灾保险提出以下对策建议:设立"巨灾保险救助基金"和"巨灾储备金"并采取三级联保方式;推广和创新巨灾保险产品;通过扩大试点范围和强制保险等措施,解决巨灾保险试点运营存在的具体问题。     

Two Models of Monetary Redress: A Structural Analysis

Monetary redress is a developing area of human rights policy. The article examines how a redress program’s design affects the interests of program applicants. It distinguishes two program models, individual assessment and common experience, and explores their differing effects on applicants’ interests. Analyzing two Irish cases, redress for survivors of the industrial schools and the Magdalene laundries, the discussion is applicable to a wide range of redress programs including those in postconflict, transitional justice, and postcolonial contexts.