我国慈善事业发展中的政府作用分析——基于中美比较的借鉴与启示

经过多年的发展,我国慈善事业在取得了积极成绩的同时仍面临许多问题。本文从政府在慈善事业发展中的角色定位及作用入手,比较了中美两国慈善事业发展的现状与政府作用。我国慈善事业发展的历程集中体现了政府对慈善事业发展的主导作用,政府充当了慈善事业的组织者、运营者和资助者的角色;美国政府与慈善组织结为"事业伙伴"关系,发挥着倡导者、合作者、管理监督者、法律保障者的作用。由于历史、社会文化、宗教影响、法律环境等因素,中美政府在发展本国慈善事业中采取的措施与发挥的作用既有相似点又存有差异。借鉴美国的成功经验,中国慈善事业发展的核心问题就是要理顺政府与慈善的关系,政府在促进慈善事业发展中的作用应体现在引导、监督和保障方面。     

危机管理的理论思辨

危机的普遍性提出直面危机、改善管理、化解危机的识的树立,着眼点是控制危机,核心是提升组织的应变能力.     

中国大鲵维氏气单胞菌病的组织病理学观察

运用病理切片和HE染色技术,对维氏气单胞菌自然感染大鲵的肌肉、肝、肾、肺、肠道等器官的组织病理学变化进行了观察。结果显示,肝可见大量淋巴细胞和少量中性粒细胞,肝细胞空泡状变性,肝血窦内见大量血细胞;肾集合管中可见少量蛋白样物,血管球扩张,有的溶解坏死;心肌纤维溶解,甚至坏死,可见充血和出血;胰细胞颗粒变性;肺偶见充血;脾索排列紊乱,脾窦中充满大量红细胞和巨噬细胞;肠道内肠绒毛溶解脱落,有充血现象;肌纤维蜡样坏死,肌细胞核浓缩凝固,深染,破碎。证实,维氏气单胞菌能使中国大鲵的多个组织器官出现严重的病理变化而导致死亡。     

What it takes to win when the game is rigged: the evolution of opposition electoral strategies in Moscow, 2012–2017

This paper examines how the political opposition innovated strategies to overcome obstacles presented by Russia’s uneven electoral playing field. Using evidence from two municipal elections in Moscow, I argue that members of the opposition have coordinated around local contests in response to political opportunities created by the Kremlin, including the anti-electoral fraud protests of the winter of 2011–2012 and the resurrection of gubernatorial elections in 2012. Following these openings, grassroots electoral initiatives recruited and trained opposition-minded individuals, first focusing on established activists and then on politicized individuals, to run for municipal council seats. The campaigns provided training using ad hoc educational seminars and later developed electronic tools that lowered barriers to political participation. As a result of these campaigns, electoral competition has boomed at the local level in Moscow even as regional and national contests have become less competitive. The campaigns demonstrate the continued vulnerability of authoritarian regimes that rely on elections for political legitimacy. Furthermore, the development of highly portable online tools for campaigning has potentially long-term democratizing consequences.     

Cross-sector collaboration in times of crisis: findings from a study of the Funing tornado in China

ABSTRACT

The recent occurrence of several large-scale crises, such as the Wenchuan and Yaan earthquakes, the Gansu mudslides, the Tianjin port blast, and the Funing tornado, has led decision makers in China to increasingly recognise the need to engage non-government organizations (NGOs) in responding to crises. In this study, we establish a framework to analyse collaboration between government and NGOs during crises. This framework consists of four levels for cross-sector collaboration, and six conditions explaining them. The framework is used to analyse a case study on collaboration between local government and NGOs during the Funing tornado. Collaboration occurred at the information sharing and action coordination levels. We conclude the formal collaboration between government and NGOs in this case was still limited and it was not based on negotiations and interactions. Instead, it was essentially hierarchical and control-oriented. This type of collaboration might have the advantage of responding to crises in an effective way, but it comes at the cost of trust, commitment and reciprocity.     

集体行为参与意向的心理基础探讨

本研究将个体的客观社会地位、生活感受、生活信心、个体行为倾向和集体行为参与意向视作一个关系链,探讨个体的生活信心和反映个体行为"偏向"的"行为倾向"在集体行为中的基础性作用。研究表明:生活信心既受客观地位、生活感受等方面的影响,又对行为倾向和集体行为参与意向等产生着广泛的影响,这种集影响的"汇聚"和"扩散"于一体的特征,说明生活信心是影响集体行为的关键心理因素;侵犯倾向和沉默倾向并不提高集体行为的参与意向,说明行为倾向不是集体行为的心理基础。研究认为:为防范生活信心的降低成为集体行为的心理基础,应打破阶层之间机会结构的锁闭状态,使个人能够通过自己的努力和贡献实现向上社会流动。     

The Adaptation of Immigrants in Russia

The author discusses the general immigration situation in Russia and surveys efforts to teach Russian to immigrants and their children.     

社区文化环境与社区青少年

按照辩证唯物主义的理论,人创造环境,环境也创造人,环境决定着青少年的意识和精神,并最终决定着他们的行为和方式.现代社区已经成为人们生活最重要的活动场所,社区既是青少年生活的主要空间之一,也是青少年实现社会化过程的主要场所之一.他们的知识更新、娱乐休闲、社交学习、健康锻炼都在社区,社区正日益承担起强化和完善社区青少年素质的职能,整个社区环境会潜移默化、耳濡目染地影响社区青少年的身心发展,影响他们世界观、人生观、价值观的形成,影响他们的思维习惯、行为方式.而社区文化环境作为社区环境的重要组成部分,也越来越显现出对社区青少年成长的重要作用.因此,必须重视社区文化建设,优化社区文化环境,以促进社区青少年健康成长.     

公诉阶段的刑事和解问题研究

公诉阶段的刑事和解问题越来越受到学界的关注,在我国的司法实践中究竟应不应该适用刑事和解以及如何适用,都需要综合各种状况从长计议。在法治社会中,刑事和解在公诉阶段的意义是不可低估的,公诉阶段的刑事和解有利于保持刑法的谦抑性;有利于被告人复归社会;有利于检察机关提高诉讼效率。它有可能成为后法治时代刑事司法制度的常态,刑事和解的推进需要理论上的深入探讨和实务上的经验摸索。     

论《联合国反腐败公约》与我国《刑法》相关制度的完善

《联合国反腐败公约》于2005年12月14日正式生效。该《公约》的批准为我国防治腐败犯罪赢得了良好的国际环境,但也同时凸显了我国刑事法制的若干不足。以此为思考契机,树立新的反腐败《刑法》理念,完善现行《刑法》的相关规定已势在必行。