皮埃尔·诺拉的“记忆之场”与国族认知——兼论《普鲁斯特之<追忆似水年华>》

20世纪80年代后，学界的“记忆”研究逐渐兴起。法国当代史学名家皮耶?诺哈主编的多卷本《记忆之场》引领了这一潮流，将之聚焦于富有象征意味的“记忆之场”上。诺哈区分了“记忆”与“历史”，指出了“记忆”的“场所”具有的物质性、功能性与象征性，并以庞大的篇幅建构了法国国族自我认知的社会史。其中，孔帕尼翁的《普鲁斯特之<追忆似水年华>》将普鲁斯特及其作品视为一种“记忆之场”，探讨了“泛普鲁斯特学”、成为“法国伟大作家”的普鲁斯特及其成功的社会基础，将“普鲁斯特”这类“建构之象征物”纳入到“法国之所以成为法国”的研究中，表明其保证了一种集体性的、文化与身份认同的再生产；该文也代表了作品研究的另一种进入方式。     

刑事被害人当事人化的反思与制度重构

刑事被害人当事人化的实质是犯罪损害追诉方式的公私合一,该制度设计混淆了公益和私益两种不同性质的诉讼,导致两种权益保护相互冲突进而对刑事司法结果公正造成负面影响。公私分离是刑事被害人去当事人化的当然制度选择,其立法对策主要包括在刑事立法中确立被害人为特殊诉讼参与人、废除被害人在刑事审判中就定罪量刑发表意见的权利、废止被害人刑事自诉权和切断其引起刑事二审、再审的程序路径。同时需要完善相关配套举措,如允许被害人对其物质和精神损害单独提起民事诉讼、完善精神损害赔偿制度、建立刑事被害人国家补偿制度等。     

论我国在遗传资源保护国际谈判中的立场和对策

遗传资源的保护和利用,特别是其获取和惠益分享等问题一直以来为国际社会和世界各国所关注.旨在探讨为了保护和持续利用遗传资源,我国在有关的国际谈判中对有关问题应采取的立场和对策.     

条约在国内适用的若干问题探讨

本文认为凡涉及到私人权利义务等事项的条约,都将会产生国内适用的问题。转化和纳入各有优劣,应视条约的不同而相应采用。至于在国内法中解决条约与国内法的冲突,则完全取决于各国法律的具体规定,条约在国内法上并非处于绝对优先的地位。就中国而言,转化已经成为我国适用条约的主要方式,而在处理条约与国内法冲突时,所采取的是条约优先的原则。     

理性的“健康公安”

在公安主体发展战略中,曾先后提出了“政治建警”、“科教强警”、“依法治警”、“以德治警”、“向管理要警力”等方针原则,这些均表明了公安主体发展的综合性。文章指出,在公安主体发展总方略中,应当重视建设“健康公安”系统工程,保证其按照理性发展,使公安队伍成为健康型的队伍。     

Fundamental principles of the international protection system of intellectual property rights and the applications

Legal principle, which underlies the value of the legal system, is supposed to be the origin and basis of concrete legal rules. It has also resulted from abstracting and summarizing the value and spirit of these legal rules. In light of the universality and hierarchy of legal principle, the principles of the international protection system of intellectual property rights (IPR) can be divided into the following two types: one is the fundamental principles applied to the what, why and how a legal system shall be constructed, such as principles of sovereignty, equality and mutual benefit, joint development, and international cooperation, which also can be expressed as the principles of sovereignty, international coordination and cooperation, fairness and justice. The other type includes those existing in the legal system and capable of being applied directly, such as the principle of national treatment, principle of minimum standard, principle of independence (for industrial property right), principle of independent protection (for copyright), principle of compulsory implementing patent (for patent right) and doctrine of priority (for industrial property right), etc. In my opinion, the principles of the international protection system of IPR shall follow the latter model, indicating that they shall be provided and written in the international conventions on the grounds that they can be applied directly, and that they can be universally applied to the whole international protection system of IPR instead of exclusive application to one certain system. Hereupon, the author believes that principles concerning the international protection system of IPR should include the principles of national treatment, minimum protection standard and public interest.     

谁是非法讯问的受益者?--侦查讯问的博弈分析

博弈论是研究冲突对抗条件下最优决策问题的理论,将其经典模型“囚徒困境”与侦查讯问进行类比,可以建立讯问中警察与犯罪嫌疑人的博弈模型。在我国,警察和犯罪嫌疑人博弈遭到破解的主要原因是警察的合法讯问和非法讯问策略、犯罪嫌疑人的坦白和抗拒策略均存在严重的效用倒置,这也是导致警察选择非法讯问,而犯罪嫌疑人选择抗拒策略的主要原因。为倒正警察和犯罪嫌疑人策略的效用,必须建立非法口供排除规则、明确口供合法性的证明责任、完善非法讯问法律责任体系、消除认定事实对口供的依赖、提高强制措施的适用标准等。     

宋代公文繁荣原因初探

宋代公无论从数量、名篇还是从作队伍来讲，都达到了登峰造极的地步，对后代产生了深远的影响。宋代公的繁荣，与其崇抑武的国策和科举考试内容的改变、科举考试取士数量的增加密切相关；同时，与人士大夫的精神和整个社会思潮的嬗变也密切相关。北宋和南宋长期存在的竞争和派系斗争，使人以论事的现象非常普遍。这对以化事、长于说理、重实轻虎的公风格的形成和对公的繁荣和发展也是不可忽视的原因。     

论我国立法监督机制的完善

立法监督是一国立法工作中不可缺少的一个重要方面 ,也是完善一国法律体系的一项重要内容。如何建立和完善具有中国特色的立法监督机制 ,一直是我国法学界同仁们探索的一个理论与实践问题。文章在揭示我国目前立法监督机制缺陷的基础上 ,提出了由全国政协作为专门立法监督机构和建立立法听证的审查制和立法听证制度的主张。     

Failed States After 9/11: What Did We Know and What Have We Learned?

This paper addresses the relationship between accumulated knowledge and U.S. policy dealing with failed states and terrorism. The central thesis is threefold: (1) that more was known about the possible linkages between failing states and terrorism than appears in pre-9/11 U.S. policies; (2) that since 9/11 some important realignment of knowledge and practice has occurred, but it remains partial and incomplete; and (3) that new knowledge, especially about the policies to sustain and promote legitimate governance, needs to be generated in order to support an effective grand strategy for addressing the threats and challenges of the twenty-first century. The paper recommends such a grand strategy and, in addition to the required new knowledge, a significant reorganization of the U.S. national security policy-making apparatus. International studies curricula appear well suited for contributing to that new knowledge and the practitioners we require.