Revolution without regime change: The evidence from the post-Euromaidan Ukraine

What effects does a revolution have on the stability or change of a hybrid regime? Has the Ukraine's regime changed since the 2014 revolution? To answer these questions I examine the changes in formal and informal institutions and the quantitative and qualitative composition of elites after the change of power in Ukraine in 2014. I argue that despite greater than in the post-orange period quantitative renewal of elites, qualitative change has not occurred. Meanwhile, the old operational code, or modus operandi, of elites' political culture, composed of clientelism, secretive deals and quota based nominations to government positions continues to operate. The lack of elites' renewal and the dominance of informal rules over formal procedures – two factors that keep the institutional core of Ukraine's hybrid regime unchanged.     

New frontiers: an enriched perspective on extraction frontiers in Indonesia

Changes in the nature, scale, and speed of natural resource extraction, especially in the last two decades, have resulted in many new resource extraction areas emerging across the world. By zooming in on Indonesia, this article shows that the underlying causes and consequences of current trends are more complex than portrayed by the rancher-squatter model of frontiers that is still frequently used to explain these developments. We argue that a broadened frontier notion is necessary to address the multifaceted nature of the processes underway in contemporary Indonesian extraction areas, as well as beyond. We propose a perspective that pays explicit attention to four new developments that can be described by using the hybridization of space, time, actors, and rules, and are characterized by the fact that these processes create new perimeters in all four mentioned areas. In so doing, we challenge, broaden, and renew the meaning of frontiers.     

Criticism of China＇s Anti-Trust Actions Is Unfounded

正THE Chinese government has recently launched antimonopoly probes against foreign corporate giants such as Microsoft,Mercedes-Benz and Audi.Some Western media outlets have interpreted the investigations as suppression of foreign enterprises.Although expected,these reactions are unreasonable in the light of evidence.China’s restrictions on monopolies are no more extreme than those practiced by other major economies,and in some ways are more lenient.When foreign companies violate laws,the Chinese government is obliged to step in     

大鼠皮肤损伤后纤维连接蛋白剪接异型体的表达

运用地高辛标记纤维连接蛋白 (FN)特殊位点的探针 ,通过原位杂交方法检测不同损伤时间大鼠皮肤各型FN剪接异型体的表达情况 ,结果发现 :伤后大鼠皮肤各型FN的表达随时间呈增高趋势 ;伤后 30～ 6 0min表达出正常皮肤中没有的EⅢA、EⅢB片段。FN的这一特性为法医学诊断生前、死后伤和伤后存活时间推断提供了新指标。     

人体皮肤切创纤维连接蛋白EDA、EDB的表达与损伤时间关系的研究

目的研究纤维连接蛋白(fibronectin,FN)可变剪接片段EDA、EDB在人体皮肤切创的表达情况,并摸索EDA、EDBmRNA在离体皮肤上最长检出时限,以期为早期损伤时间的推断提供实用的参考指标。方法采用DIG标记的反意RNA探针,原位杂交检测人体皮肤在损伤早期(从30min开始)FNEDA、EDBmRNA表达的变化。结果正常人体皮肤无EDA、EDBmRNA表达;在损伤早期(≤3h)FNEDA、EDB的表达随时间的延长而呈现一种不断上升的趋势;EDA、EDBmRNA主要出现在表皮基底层细胞;EDA、EDBmRNA在标本离体后4h就不能检测到。结论FNEDA、EDB可作为早期损伤时间推断的较理想的参考指标,但原位杂交的检测方法不适用于实际应用。     

大鼠急性心肌缺血再灌流损伤c-fos mRNA原位杂交实验研究

目的 探讨急性心肌缺血和/或再灌流早期不同时间不同区域心肌细胞内原癌基因c-fos mRNA表达变化,为心肌早期缺血死后诊断提供依据。方法 复制心肌早期缺血模型,大鼠分为正常、缺血及缺血再灌流组。采用原位杂交方法结合图像分析与统计学处理方法研究心肌细胞内c-fos mRNA表达情况。结果 缺血10min再灌流30min,部分大鼠再灌流区心肌细胞胞浆内c-fos mRNA弱阳性反应,散在分布。缺血60min再灌流30min时达高峰,120min开始减弱。正常和单纯缺血组中缺血少于60min组未见有阳性表达。HE染色无明显病理改变。结论 原位杂交法检测c-fos mRNA方法灵敏特异,有望成为一项急性心肌缺血/再灌流早期损伤的诊断指标。     

海洛因慢性依赖大鼠神经元一氧化氮合成酶变化

目的 研究海洛因药物滥用致脑神经细胞一氧化氮合成酶(ncNOS)表达的变化及法医学鉴定意义。方法 采用ncNOS免疫组织化学SP法、ncNOS mRNA原位分子杂交及图像分析技术,观察大鼠海洛因慢性依赖和自然戒断大脑皮质、中脑导水管周围灰质和中脑腹侧被盖区神经细胞ncNOS的变化和ncNOSmRNA的表达。结果 实验组神经细胞ncNOS含量和ncNOS mRNA表达比对照组明显增加,阳性细胞数明显增多;自然戒断组较慢性依赖组改变更加明显(P<0.05)。结论 ncNOS在海洛因慢性依赖和戒断中起重要作用,脑神经细胞ncNOS免疫组织化学变化可作为海洛因药物滥用法医学鉴定的形态学依据。     

大鼠脑挫伤后FN表达与损伤时程关系的研究

为寻找推断脑损伤经历时间的可靠指标,采用自制自由落体撞击法致大鼠右顶叶局灶性脑挫伤模型,于不同时间段处死大鼠后,进行纤维连接蛋白的免疫组织化学及原位杂交法研究,结果发现纤维连接蛋白及其 mRNA表达水平与伤后经历时间有一定相关性,并能较好地鉴别死前脑挫伤和死后脑挫伤,可作为推断脑挫伤经历时间的参考指标之一。     

大鼠液压冲击脑损伤bFGF及其受体FGFR1 mRNA表达

目的 观察脑损伤后 bFGF及其受体 FGFRl mRNA表达及其时序性变化,探讨脑损伤的分子机制及法医学脑损伤时间推断。方法 用原位杂交(ISH)和RT-PCR技术观察大鼠液压冲击脑损伤后bFGF及FGFRl mRNA在伤后不同时间(30min、1h、3h、6h、12h、1d、3d、7d)的表达情况,以正常大鼠及手术大鼠作为对照。结果(1)正常及手术对照组大鼠脑组织内有低水平的bFGF及FGFRl mRNA表达;(2)脑损伤后6h～3d,大脑皮质和脑干bFGF/FGFRl mRNA水平逐渐增加,7d时已有所下降,但仍未恢复到基础水平;(3)海马冲击后3h即开始显著增加,3d开始下降,7d时已恢复到基础水平。结论 脑损伤可诱导bFGF/FGFRl基因表达,机体对脑损伤存在自身保护机制,其表达的时序性改变可望用于法医学脑损伤时间推断。     

细胞因子(IL-6、TNF-α)在损伤时间中原位杂交法研究

采用原位杂交法，研究大鼠切削皮肤中细胞团子IL－6、TNF－αmRNA表达量，旨在探讨IL－6、TNF－α推断法医损伤时间的应用价值以及其在损伤生活反应中的分子机制。研究结果表明，根据大鼠损伤皮肤中TNF－αmRNA表达量能够区别生前伤与死后伤，并可以利用TNF－αmRNA表达量改变准确区别60min内和60min后损伤时间，但IL－6mRNA表达量在研究组内均未见阳性反应，不能推断损伤时间。