外伤性主动脉破裂死亡30例法医病理学研究

目的　探讨外伤性主动脉破裂法医病理学特点。　方法　对华西医科大学法医学院 1983 -2 0 0 3年 3月所做 3 0例外伤性主动脉破裂病理资料进行回顾性研究。　结果　外伤性主动脉破裂以男性青壮年为主 ( 66% ) ,1983 -1993年以高坠为主 ,1994-2 0 0 3年以车祸为主 ,损伤发生部位以主动脉弓部及起始部为常见 ,且绝大多伤者在 3 0min内死亡。　结论　外伤性主动脉破裂发生 ,应以预防为主。     

Blunt force cranial trauma in the Cambodian killing fields

In this paper we present a unique pattern of blunt force cranial trauma that was observed in 10 of a sample of 85 crania from a Cambodian skeletal collection comprised of Khmer Rouge victims. Initial examination of the trauma, which presents as substantial damage to the occipital with fractures extending to the cranial base, suggested the pattern was classifiable as a basilar or ring fracture. However, further investigation, including trauma analysis and historical research, revealed that this fracture type is distinctive from basilar and ring fractures. Historical data indicate that a particular execution method was the likely source of the trauma. Recognition of this trauma pattern is significant because it exemplifies the distinct fracture configuration resulting from an apparently categorical and methodical execution technique. Identification of this fracture type could potentially assist forensic investigators in the recognition of specific methods of murder or execution.     

Bite marks: physical properties of ring adhesion to skin-phase 1

Abstract: Unsupported excised skin may shrink by as much as 50% or more. In 1981, a method was developed for ring adhesion to skin with the goal of minimizing tissue distortion upon excision. Five modified versions of the technique bearing the author’s name followed (Dorion types I, II, III, IV, and V). The scientific literature reveals little supporting empirical evidence for the preferential use of one adhesive/suturing technique over another. This study compares the use of various bonding materials (Loctite Super Glue gel^®, Dermabond?, Vetbond?), cleaning agents (ethanol, dishwashing liquid, and shaving cream), and depilatory (Veet^®) on the effects of ring adhesion to skin. The conclusions indicate that surface wetness is the most influential factor affecting ring adhesion to skin, followed by the type of bonding material, its “freshness,” and by the cleaning agent used to prepare the skin. The use of a depilatory or shaving cream is to be avoided.     

Bite marks: physical properties of ring adhesion to skin--phase 2

Abstract: Bite Marks: This study demonstrated that surface wetness was the most influential factor affecting ring adhesion to skin. Also, chemical depilatories and shaving creams were to be avoided when cleaning the skin. The second phase of this research examines the tensile stress needed to rupture the bond between TAK^® hydroplastic, three new cyanoacrylates, and pigskin with particular consideration for temperature variations. This study also considers solubility issues of different cyanoacrylates in 10% formalin. Finally, the Dorion Type V bitemark excision technique could significantly reduce the risks of tissue distortion when used in conjunction with the following methods and materials. The skin should be devoid of moisture, razor shaved, and cleaned with dishwashing detergent and 98.9% ethanol while avoiding the use of shaving creams and/or chemical depilatories where ring placement is anticipated. The use of unopened cyanoacrylate is encouraged with Permabond^® as the cyanoacrylate of choice.     

稳定型骨盆前环骨折移位伤残评定20例

目的探讨通过骨盆骨折移位距离来判定骨盆前环骨折畸形愈合。方法通过测量骨盆前环骨折伤者影像学资料的骨折移位最大距离;对20例被鉴定人进行回访,询问其遗留的症状。结果 20例中有14例(70%)骨盆前环骨折移位大于4mm;在16例接受回访的被鉴定人中,有12例(75%)长时间站立或行走后有盆部隐痛或明显疼痛症状。结论骨盆前环有两处或以上部位骨折且移位超过4mm,多数可考虑认定骨盆畸形愈合;骨盆前环单处骨折,移位超过6mm,可考虑认定骨盆畸形愈合。     

Classification of Pelvic Ring Fractures in Skeletonized Human Remains

Pelvic ring fractures are associated with high rates of mortality and thus can provide key information about circumstances surrounding death. These injuries can be particularly informative in skeletonized remains, yet difficult to diagnose and interpret. This study adapted a clinical system of classifying pelvic ring fractures according to their resultant degree of pelvic stability for application to gross human skeletal remains. The modified Tile criteria were applied to the skeletal remains of 22 individuals from the Cleveland Museum of Natural History and Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México that displayed evidence of pelvic injury. Because these categories are tied directly to clinical assessments concerning the severity and treatment of injuries, this approach can aid in the identification of manner and cause of death, as well as interpretations of possible mechanisms of injury, such as those typical in car-to-pedestrian and motor vehicle accidents.     

样品成份对“咖啡环”法DNA检测的影响

目的调查样品中常见成份对"咖啡环"法DNA检测的影响。方法将含有不同浓度SDS、Na Cl等的DNA-EB滴加到载玻片上,室温自然蒸发,用凝胶成像系统观察荧光沉积形貌(Deposition Pattern,DP)、计算积分光密度(Integrated Optical Density,IOD),分析量效关系。结果低浓度非DNA成份存在时,DP仍以环状沉积为主,但有年轮环、放射纹等成份特异性细微差异。浓度高时,DP因成份而异,可为环+散在光点型(Na Cl)、中央光斑+弱小环型(SDS)、同心或年轮状多环型(Triton X-100)、环+斑点型(H^+)等。非DNA成份对DNA含量估计有不同程度影响,但估计值多数在0.5~2倍以内。结论样品成份对DNA的DP和IOD均有影响,但不影响DNA含量的粗略估计,且能提供样品纯度和残留物信息。     

李业甫胸椎分段整复法治疗胸椎小关节紊乱疗效观察

目的 观察李业甫胸椎分段整复法治疗胸椎小关节紊乱的临床疗效。方法 将48例胸椎小关节紊乱患者随机分为对照组和治疗组，每组24例。对照组在常规推拿的基础上采用膝顶扩胸扳法，治疗组在常规推拿的基础上采用李业甫胸椎分段整复法。治疗前后分别观察两组患者症状、体征积分，McGill量表评分，并在治疗后评价两组患者的临床疗效。结果 与治疗前比较，两组患者治疗后症状、体征积分，McGill疼痛量表评分均明显减少（P＜0.05）；两组患者McGill疼痛量表评分差值比较，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05），两组患者治疗前后症状、体征积分差值比较，差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。两组临床疗效分布比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05），但治疗组治愈和显效的例数均多于对照组。结论 李业甫胸椎分段整复法能够减轻胸椎小关节紊乱患者的疼痛症状，提高临床疗效，改善生活质量。     

软组织挤压伤对大鼠胸主动脉反应性张力的影响

目的 观察大鼠软组织挤压伤后胸主动脉反应性张力的变化,探讨一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)在血管反应性张力变化中的作用.方法 成年SD大鼠30只,随机分为对照组、挤压后8 h组、挤压后16 h组.制备内皮完整和去内皮离体胸主动脉血管环,首先用离体血管张力检测技术测定内皮完整血管环对苯肾上腺素(phenylep...     

“担保圈”危机的形成及其规范

由"啤酒花"事件引发的担保圈危机已严重影响我国资本证券市场的健康发展,担保链岌岌可危,蕴藏着巨大的财务风险.本文以新疆担保圈为例,分析了"担保圈"危机的形成,并提出相应的防范措施.