用丙硫苯咪唑检测羊线虫抗药性的体外虫卵孵化试验

为探讨用丙硫苯咪唑进行体外虫卵孵化试验检测羊线虫对苯并咪唑类药物的抗药性,对23个羊场的25份田间样品用丙硫苯咪唑和噻苯咪唑进行了虫卵孵化试验并与先前减卵试验(faecal egg count re-duction test,FECRT)的结果比较。结果表明,25份样品中,丙硫苯咪唑和噻苯咪唑对受检虫卵的半数致死量(LD50)均值分别为0.050 1和0.054 0μg/mL,差异不显著。FECRT检测有抗药性的4个羊场,75%的样品对丙硫苯咪唑和噻苯咪唑的LD50均值均在0.1μg/mL以上,只有1个羊场的的LD50值分别为0.068 9μg/mL(丙硫苯咪唑)和0.071 2μg/mL(噻苯咪唑)。检测为可疑的2个羊场,其样品的LD50值为0.04~0.07μg/mL;FECRT检测敏感的蠕虫群体的LD50均在0.04μg/mL以下。此外,丙硫苯咪唑用纯的二甲基亚砜溶解和稀释后于4℃保存7 d,LD50值变化不大,提示药效无明显下降,而保存14 d后药效有下降趋势。     

绵羊毛圆科线虫卵在不同温度下的发育情况观察

观察了寄生于绵羊体内的优势虫种细颈线虫、奥斯特线虫、捻转血矛线虫、马歇尔线虫等毛圆科线虫卵在不同环境中的发育能力 ;研究了细颈线虫卵在相对湿度 10 0 % ,0、3、5、10、15、2 0、2 5、30、35℃共 9个不同温度梯度的发育率和发育周期 ;并对毛圆科线虫卵在 - 17～ - 2 5℃自然冷冻环境中的发育情况和幼虫在干燥环境中的抗干旱能力进行了测试。结果表明 ,细颈线虫卵在 2 0℃、相对湿度 10 0 %的条件下发育率最高 ,发育周期最短 ;毛圆科线虫卵在 - 2 5～ 0℃环境中不发育 ,也不死亡 ;毛圆科线虫的幼虫在无水分的干燥环境中可存活 10 0d左右。     

宁夏羊胃肠道线虫对现行驱虫药的抗药性调查

采用粪便虫卵减少试验对宁夏地区所属灵武、贺兰、盐池、吴忠、中宁、中卫、永宁和银川市郊8个县(市)的12个绵羊场、6个山羊场进行了丙硫苯咪唑和阿维菌素抗药性的随机调查。结果表明:在用丙硫苯咪唑调查的10个绵羊场和6个山羊场中,虫卵减少率在95%以下和95%的置信域下限在90%以下的有山羊场2个、绵羊场2个,证明对丙硫苯咪唑有抗药性;1个绵羊场和1个山羊场的虫卵减少率是96.3%、95.9%,但95%置信域的下限在90%以下,具有抗药性可疑;山羊群中丙硫苯咪唑的抗药性为33.3%,绵羊群为20.0%。用同样的方法调查了1个山羊场和5个绵羊场(其中有4个羊场曾执行了丙硫苯咪唑的试验),查出1个山羊场和1个绵羊场对阿维菌素具有抗药性可疑,其虫卵减少率分别为97.3%和95.5%,置信域下限在90%以下。揭示了宁夏地区羊消化道线虫对现行驱虫药的抗药状态,为今后防治提供了依据。     

多头带绦虫四川株的生物学特性

通过对2只试验犬在人工感染脑多头蚴后节片排出情况和对随机选取的50个孕卵节片内虫卵数量与大小的观察,以及用终浓度为10g/L次氯酸钠溶液,在显微镜下对虫卵孵化过程的观察,期望能为动物脑包虫病预防措施的制定以及进一步开展该虫的相关研究奠定基础。结果显示,2只试验犬分别在感染后的第45、50d开始排出节片且试验犬体内孕卵节片排出的持续时间分别为142d和54d,每日排节片数最高可达64片;孕卵节片内虫卵数最少约为780枚,最多约为16 035枚,平均为5 278.800±3 696.769枚,虫卵数量主要集中在2 000～6 000范围内,共占总节片数的52%;虫卵大小为(33.74±2.71)μm×(32.33±2.09)μm;虫卵的整个孵化过程大致需要4～5min,且随着孵化时间的延长虫卵原有的外形和整个胚膜结构消失,可见透明的六钩蚴。     

阿维菌素和丙硫苯咪唑对巨蜥体内寄生虫的驱除试验

用丙硫苯咪唑和阿维菌素对国家一级保护野生动物巨蜥进行驱虫试验 ,每种药物设 2个剂量组 ,每组 6个重复。口服丙硫苯咪唑 4 0 .0mg/kg剂量组的胃肠道线虫虫卵减少率和虫卵转阴率分别为 91.4 9%和 83.33% ,2 0 .0mg/kg的剂量无效。皮下注射阿维菌素 0 .3mg/kg和0 .6mg/kg 剂量组的胃肠道线虫虫卵减少率和虫卵转阴率均达 10 0 %。试验结果表明 ,用丙硫苯咪唑驱除巨蜥消化道线虫需较高剂量 ,较小剂量的阿维菌素对驱除巨蜥消化道线虫效果很好     

头孢喹肟对大肠杆菌防突变浓度的测定

采用标准琼脂二倍稀释法测定了头孢喹肟对大肠杆茵的最低抑茵浓度;用肉汤法富集了大肠杆菌;用琼脂稀释法测定了头孢喹肟对大肠杆菌的暂定防突变浓度(MPCpr)及防突变浓度(MPC).结果显示,头孢喹肟对大肠杆菌标准株(ATCC25922)的MIC和MIC99分别为0.125 μg/mL和0.1 μg/mL;MPCpr和MPC分别为0.5μg/mL和0.256μg/mL,MPC/MIC99比值为2.56.头孢喹肟对50株大肠杆茵临床分离株的MIC90和MPC9分别为0.2μg/mL和0.8μg/mL,MPC9/0MIC90比值为4.说明头孢喹肟限制大肠杆茵耐药突变的能力很强,ATCC25922的选择指数(SI)仅为2.56,临床分离株的SI为4.     

大环内酯类药物对木糖葡萄球菌生物被膜形成的影响

为探索大环内酯类抗生素是否具有干预木糖葡萄球菌生物被膜形成的能力,采用微量稀释法确定大环内酯类药物红霉素、阿奇霉素以及泰乐菌素对木糖葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度,结果分别为0.8、1.6和0.8μg/mL。另外,通过结晶紫染色法、XTT法和LIVE/DEAD BacLight Bacterial Viability Kit染色方法考察了这3种药物对生物被膜的干预作用。结果显示,0.4μg/mL红霉素、0.8μg/mL阿奇霉素和0.4μg/mL泰乐菌素均对木糖葡萄球菌生物被膜的形成能力有干预作用,并且在不同的木糖葡萄球菌菌株呈现出相同的趋势。上述结果表明,大环内酯类药物(红霉素、阿奇霉素和泰乐菌素)能有效地干预木糖葡萄球菌生物被膜的形成。     

不同集卵方法收集的抗苯并咪唑捻转血矛线虫卵的发育试验

用饱和盐水、饱和糖水漂浮法获得抗苯并咪唑(benzimidazole)的捻转血矛线虫(Hae monchus contortus)虫卵,在实验室进行了在不同浓度的苯并咪唑药液中保存不同时间的虫卵发育试验。结果显示,用2种集卵方法获取的虫卵在虫卵发育试验中仅有不足以影响虫卵发育的微小差异,对整体试验也没有实质性的影响,表明2种集卵方法都可以作为该试验获取虫卵的方法;不同保存时间的苯并咪唑药液的试验结果也差别不大,对试验也没有实质性的影响。     

绵羊捻转血矛线虫苯并咪唑类药物抗药性等位基因的PCR-RFLP分析

对来自宁夏、内蒙古4个地区的64条绵羊捻转血矛线虫,用PCR-RFLP技术分析了β-微管蛋白同种型Ⅰ基因第200位密码子的多态性.结果显示,药物处理组捻转血矛线虫中,抗药性纯舍子为20%(2/10),杂合子为50%(5/10),敏感性纯合子为30%(3/10).其他3组来自于自然感染的田间样品(每组18条)中未发现有抗药性纯合子,杂合子分别为11%、28%和17%,其余为敏感性纯合子.在等位基因频率上,药物处理组抗药性等位基因为45%;而其他3组分别是6%、14%和8%,敏感性等位基因占绝大多数.药物处理组绵羊寄生虫群体与自然感染组绵羊寄生虫群体,无论是基因型频率还是等位基因频率,均有显著差异(P<0.05).其中1份抗药性纯合子的测序结果表明,该线虫β-微管蛋白基因第200位密码子由TTC突变为TAC.     

中国小型猪生长激素测定

用放射免疫方法测定了法国长白猪(L)、广西小型猪(GX)、贵州小香猪(GZ)和西双版纳小耳猪(XB)血液中生长激素(GH)的含量.结果显示,L猪体重(125～150 kg)与中国小型猪体重(30～50 kg)之比为31;4品系GH含量(4品种依次分别为0.923μg/mL±0.060μg/mL、0.894μg/mL±0.050μg/mL、0.892μg/mL±0.050μg/mL、0.892μg/mL±0.030μg/mL)基本一致,品系间GH含量无显著性差异(P＞0.05).     

The Development of EU-Russian Relations

The EU＇s strategy for Russia since the end of the cold war has to a large extent failed, and the direct consequences are the currently deadlocked EU-Russia relationship. There are three reasons for this： the EU and Russia＇s respective strength and status relative to each other have been changing since the beginning of this century; the EU＇s strategy towards Russia has been more fragmenting in recently years; and the American factor. The EU-Russia relations could continue to be in poor shape in the years to come, and it is very likely sometimes even further worsening. But the two sides would refrain from extreme measures and prevent their relations from sliding into real cold war.     

Young American China Watchers＇ Views on China

In this paper, the author has made a thorough study over the new generation of American China Watchers. Most of the pages are devoted to a detailed comparison between the old generation and the young generation of American China Watchers regarding to their background, education, and views over China. At the end of the paper, the author also gives some policy suggestions for both the Chinese and U.S. government based on the findings in this study.     

The Balance Between Coercion and Accommodation

1. Introduction
On the morning of April 1st, 2001, a U.S. EP-3 surveillance aircraft was conducting an intelligence flight along the Chinese territorial border in the airspace south-east of China＇s Hainan Island. Two Chinese fighter jets intercepted the spy plane and followed its flight, as is considered ordinary international practice. For reasons unknown, the EP-3 airplane made a sudden maneuver and crashed into one of the Chinese planes. The Chinese plane dropped into the sea, the pilot missing. The U.S. spy plane was also severely damaged. It intruded into Chinese territorial space and landed on Hainan Island without official permission from the Chinese side. After landing, the spy plane and 24 crew on board were detained by the Chinese authorities. This air collision episode was the first of its kind in the China-U.S. relations and an urgent diplomatic crisis ensued.     

U.S. and East Asian Integration

the U.S. is directly impacting on the future of the East Asian community. Therefore, finding ways to get along with the U.S. is crucial to the speed, direction, configuration and character of the East Asian community. In this paper, the author has analyzed the interests of the United States in East Asia and its stands towards the East Asian integration. The author concludes that it is to the interest of the United States to make more efforts to further join in the East Asian integration. And East Asia should accept and welcome the American participation.     

CAFIU Honorary Vice-President Wang Zhizhen Visited Turkey,Sudan and Attended the Third China-Africa People's Forum

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CAFIU Delegation Visited Sri Lanka and Attended the Third China-Africa People's Forum in Sudan

正At the invitation of Sri Lanka-China Friendship Association(SLCFA)and Sudan Network for National Non-Governmental Organizations,a 5-member delegation led by CAFIU Deputy Secretary-General Liu Kaiyang visited Sri Lanka and attended the Third China-Africa People’s Forum held in Sudan from May 7 to 14,2014.As a member of this delegation,I had the great honor     

South Asian NGO Delegation Visiting China

正At the invitation of the Chinese Association for International Understanding(CAFIU),a 10-member NGO delegation composed of representatives from media,think tanks and NGOs from Bangladesh,India and Sri Lanka visited China from April 9 to 18.On the second day of arrival,the delegation visited Xicheng District Administrative Service Center.The center provides such services as     

Building A Platform for Understanding and Establishing Channels for Cooperation——Notes on the 2014 “Understanding & Cooperation” Dialogue

正From June 16 to 18,the 2014"UnderstandingCooperation"Dialogue and Forum on Rethinking Asia,co-hosted by CAFIU and FES and jointly organized with China Foundation for Peace and Development,was held in Tutzing,a beautiful and spacious manor located at 30km southwest of Munich.Nearly 60 delegates from more than 10Asian and European countries participated in the event,including China,Germany,Korea,Japan,     

The Second Sino-US Maritime Security Workshop Held in CIIS

正On September 25-26,2014,CIIS and Hoover Institution,Stanford University jointly held the Second Sino-US Maritime Security Workshop in Beijing.CIIS President Qu Xing and Abraham Sofall,senior research fellow with the Hoover Institution,codelivered the opening remarks.Representatives from China's Ministry of National Defense,     

俄白哈关税同盟的发展及其影响（英文）

In recent years, the Eurasian Economic Community has developed rapidly. Because of the special relationship between the SCO and the Customs Because Customs Union, the latter will inevitably exert some influence on the development of the former, but they are not fundamentally contradictory. Since the of the establishment of the Customs Union, the trade between China and the Customs Union members grows steadily.