视频处理技术的智能化发展

<正>视频监控作为物联网的一部分,正在朝着智能化的方向发展,图像的智能分析即成为视频处理系统应用的技术之一。通过智能分析,系统将会自动识别图像的几何形状、色彩、噪声、模糊度、融合度,并对超分辨等图像效果进行自动分析和处理。随着对模糊图像处理技术的应用范围越来越广泛,图像处理技术的智能化成为必然。     

全波段CCD在紫外反射照相中的应用

1 系统简介 全波段CCD物证检验系统是一套紫外、可见光、红外图像高分辨率实时显示和专业图像处理设备。它可将不可见光图像实时转化为可见光图像，并可实现低照度情况下微弱信号的采集以及高质量图像的采集和处理，集痕迹检验、文件检验、数字照相和图像处理于一体。     

图像降噪和增强对人脸识别系统识别性能的影响

目的研究图像降噪和图像增强方法对人脸识别系统识别性能的影响,以期为人脸识别系统应用过程中的图像处理方法选取提供理论指导和技术方案。方法收集33起人像鉴定领域实际案例中的人脸图像素材,研究以高斯滤波和小波变换为代表的图像降噪技术以及具有边缘保持和小波变换特性的单帧图像超分辨率增强技术对人脸识别系统识别性能的影响,并对不同图像处理方法对人脸识别性能的影响进行量化比较分析。结果本文研究的图像降噪技术均显著提高了人脸识别系统的识别准确性,而图像增强技术虽然提高了人脸图像显示效果,但对人脸识别系统的识别性能无正向促进作用。此外,高斯模糊图像处理的图像降噪方法虽然简单,但与本文研究的其他方法比较,其在人脸识别系统识别性能改善方面效果最显著。结论人脸图像质量对人脸识别系统的识别性能具有显著影响,可以通过图像处理技术改善人脸图像质量进而提高人脸识别系统的识别准确性。其中,图像降噪处理可以显著提高人脸识别系统的识别性能,且比图像增强技术更适合于实际人像鉴定应用中的人脸识别系统识别性能增强。     

图像处理技术的实战应用

正(image processing)又称为影像处理,是用计算机对图像进行处理达到所需结果的技术。起源于20世纪20年代,一般为数字图像处理。图像处理技术的主要内容包括图像压缩、增强复原、匹配描述识别3个部分,常见的处理有图像数字化、图像编码、图像增强、图像复原、图像分割和图像分析等。数字图像处理技术可以帮助人们更客观、准确地认识世界。人的视觉系统帮助我们从外界获     

大连恒锐图像技术有限公司为公安三级点赠送图像处理软件

2002年年底,公安部刑侦局在重庆市组织召开了公安机关受赠图像处理软件及多波段光源仪式。大连恒锐图像技术有限公司为全国31个省、市、区及新疆兵团公安机关的刑侦部门赠送了100套《恒锐痕检/文检图像处理系统》,总价值680万元。该系统是恒锐公司与大连市公安局刑科所合作开发的刑侦图像处理软件,广泛适用于刑事技术二、三级点,于2002年4月28日通过公安部科技局组织的技术鉴定,成果     

足迹检验图像处理系统

足迹检验图像处理系统具有以下3个方面的功能:1.足迹图像处理;2.足迹图像检验鉴定;3.鞋样鞋底图文库管理。笔者在文中介绍本系统的分析年龄子系统,本文将介绍根据足迹图像分析身高、体态的子系统。     

全波段CCD系统在刑事影像技术中的应用

全波段CCD系统可在波长200-1200纳米光谱范围进行摄影,包括紫外线、可见光和红外线。它可将不可见光图像实时转化为可见光图像,并可实现低照度情况下微弱信号的采集以及高质量图像的采集和处理,集痕迹检验、文件检验、数字照相和图像处理于一体。本文介绍了全波段CCD系统的结构、特点与在刑事影像技术中的应用。     

图像处理软件及多波段光源赠公安

目前，公安部刑侦局在重庆市组织召开了公安机关受赠图像处理软件及多波段光源仪式。大连恒锐图像技术有限公司为全国３１个省、市、区公安机关的刑侦部门赠送了１００套《恒锐痕检／文检图像处理系统》，价值６８０万元；警苑警用技术研究所为中西部五个省、市、区赠送了五套多波段光源。《恒锐痕检／文检图像处理系统》是大连恒锐图像技术有限公司与大连市公安局刑科所合作开发的刑侦图像处理软件，广泛适用于刑事技术二、三级点，于２００２年４月２８日通过公安部科技局组织的技术鉴定，成果达到“国际先进水平”；并通过公安部刑事技术…     

图像处理技术的实战应用

正影像处理(image processing),是用计算机对图像进行处理达到所需结果的技术。起源于20世纪20年代,一般为数字图像处理。图像处理技术的主要内容包括图像压缩、增强复原、匹配描述识别3个部分,常见的处理有图像数字化、图像编码、图像增强、图像复原、图像分割和图像分析等。数字图像处理技术可以帮助人们更客观、准确地认识世界。人的视觉系统帮助我们从外界获取3/4以上的信息,图像、图形是所有视     

浅析视频监控领域图像处理技术

正图像处理技术和人眼视觉的关系图像技术处理,image signal process,业内简称为ISP技术。在了解ISP技术之前,我们要先了解人眼的视觉感知,这是因为人类对图像信号的处理全部来源于对人眼的模仿,了解了人眼的视觉构造,就可以和图像处理部分的内容一一对应起来,更好地理解图像处理的知识。从图1可以看到人眼的构造,居于眼球璧内层的透明薄膜就是视网膜,它布满整个后部内壁,主要负责感光成像,当我们看东西时,物体的影像通过屈光系     

The Digital Economy Act 2010: subscriber monitoring and the right to privacy under Article 8 of the ECHR

This paper critically assesses the compatibility of s3 Digital Economy Act 2010 (DEA) with Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights (1950) (ECHR). The analysis draws on Ofcom’s Initial Obligations and two UK cases, namely: British Telecommunications Plc & Anor, R (on the application of) v The Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills,¹1 British Telecommunications Plc & Anor, R (on the application of) v The Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills [2011] EWHC 1021 (Admin).View all notes and R (British Telecommunications plc and TalkTalk Telecom Group plc) v Secretary of State for Culture, Olympics, Media and Sport and others.²2 R (British Telecommunications plc and TalkTalk Telecom Group plc) v Secretary of State for Culture, Olympics, Media and Sport and others [2012] EWCA Civ 232.View all notes It argues that the implementation of this obligation allows directed surveillance of subscribers’ activities without legal authorisation under the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (RIPA). It also analyses compliance with the Strasbourg Court’s three-part, non-cumulative test, to determine whether s3 of the DEA is, firstly, ‘in accordance with the law’; secondly, pursues one or more legitimate aims contained within Article 8(2) of the Convention; and thirdly, is ‘necessary’ and ‘proportionate’. It concludes that unless the implementation of s3 of the DEA required the involvement of State authorities and was specifically targeted at serious, commercial scale online copyright infringement cases it could infringe part one and part three of the ECtHR’s test, thereby violating subscribers’ Article 8 ECHR rights.     

Development of a nanoplate-based digital PCR assay for species identification with mixture deconvolution

In crime scenes, not all biological stains are human in origin. Some exhibits can be from pets living on the premises or from animal products used in food consumption. In addition, it could be necessary to test animal carcasses for other forensic purposes. Often such stains can include mixtures involving humans or other species. Thus, identifying and deconvoluting mixtures of species commonly found in and around a household can be crucial in forensic casework. Different molecular techniques have been employed for species identification such as immunoprecipitation, qPCR, and DNA sequencing.In this project, a nanoplate-based digital PCR assay for species identification was developed, targeting Homo sapiens, canine, feline, bovine swine, pisces, and gallus in two multiplexes. An internal positive control was included in the design. The assay is simple, rapid, and can determine a wide variety of different vertebrates from biological exhibits, as well as in mixtures. Because the assay utilizes digital PCR, the procedure shows sensitivity down to a few copies, even in the presence of larger amounts of a major contributor, making the assay particularly useful in mixture deconvolution. Overall, this assay presents the forensic community with a novel application in which digital PCR can provide a sensitive and specific determination of species.     

Copyright in the blockchain era: Promises and challenges

The paper focuses on various legal-related aspects of the application of blockchain technologies in the copyright sphere. Specifically, it outlines the existing challenges for distribution of copyrighted works in the digital environment, how they can be solved with blockchain, and what associated issues need to be addressed in this regard. It is argued that blockchain can introduce long-awaited transparency in matters of copyright ownership chain; substantially mitigate risks of online piracy by enabling control over digital copy and creating a civilized market for “used” digital content. It also allows to combine the simplicity of application of creative commons/open source type of licenses with revenue streams, and thus facilitate fair compensation of authors by means of cryptocurrency payments and Smart contracts. However, these benefits do not come without a price: many new issues will need to be resolved to enable the potential of blockchain technologies. Among them are: where to store copyrighted content (on blockchain or “off-chain”) and the associated need to adjust the legal status of online intermediaries; how to find a right balance between immutable nature of blockchain records and the necessity to adjust them due to the very nature of copyright law, which assigns ownership based on a set of informal facts, not visible to the public. Blockchain as a kind of time stamping service cannot itself ensure the trustworthiness of facts, which originate “off-chain”. More work needs to be done on the legal side: special provisions aimed at facilitating user's trust in blockchain records and their good faith usage of copyrighted works based on them need to be introduced and transactions with cryptocurrencies have to be legalized as well as the status of Smart contracts and their legal consequences. Finally, the economics of blockchain copyright management systems need to be carefully considered in order to ensure that they will have necessary network effects. If those issues are resolved in a satisfactory way, blockchain has the potential to rewrite how the copyright industry functions and digital content is distributed.     

How do we provide the digital footprint with eternal rest? Some criteria for legislation regulating digital wills

This article analyses the implications of the death of digital service users on their digital footprint and assesses some of the solutions—contractual and legislative—that have been posited to date by digital service providers and by Parliaments of a few countries. In view of the different initiatives analysed, and the experience gained in their implementation, the paper presents legal certainty, effectiveness and transparency as criteria that should guide the regulation of the digital footprint in the case of death. These criteria must allow for the adoption or regulation of mechanisms for managing the digital footprint of digital service users to be clear and trustworthy for them and efficient and easily recognized and adopted by digital service providers.     

BitTorrent Sync: First Impressions and Digital Forensic Implications

With professional and home Internet users becoming increasingly concerned with data protection and privacy, the privacy afforded by popular cloud file synchronisation services, such as Dropbox, OneDrive and Google Drive, is coming under scrutiny in the press. A number of these services have recently been reported as sharing information with governmental security agencies without warrants. BitTorrent Sync is seen as an alternative by many and has gathered over two million users by December 2013 (doubling since the previous month). The service is completely decentralised, offers much of the same synchronisation functionality of cloud powered services and utilises encryption for data transmission (and optionally for remote storage). The importance of understanding BitTorrent Sync and its resulting digital investigative implications for law enforcement and forensic investigators will be paramount to future investigations. This paper outlines the client application, its detected network traffic and identifies artefacts that may be of value as evidence for future digital investigations.     

Governing ghostbots

This article discusses the legal implications of a novel phenomenon, namely, digital reincarnations of deceased persons, sometimes known as post-mortem avatars, deepfakes, replicas, holographs, or chatbots. To elide these multiple names, we use the term 'ghostbots'. The piece is an early attempt to discuss the potential social and individual harms, roughly grouped around notions of privacy (including post-mortem privacy), property, personal data and reputation, arising from ghostbots, how they are regulated and whether they need to be adequately regulated further. For reasons of space and focus, the article does not deal with copyright implications, fraud, consumer protection, tort, product liability, and pornography laws, including the non-consensual use of intimate images (‘revenge porn’). This paper focuses on law, although we fully acknowledge and refer to the role of philosophy and ethics in this domain.We canvas two interesting legal developments with implications for ghostbots, namely, the proposed EU Artificial Intelligence (AI) Act and the 2021 New York law amending publicity rights to protect the rights of celebrities whose personality is used in post-mortem ‘replicas’. The latter especially evidences a remarkable shift from the norm we have chronicled in previous articles of no respect for post-mortem privacy to a growing recognition that personality rights do need protection post-mortem in a world where pop stars and actors are routinely re-created using AI. While the legislative motivation here may still be primarily to protect economic interests, we argue it also shows a concern for dignitary and privacy interests.Given the apparent concern for the appropriation of personality post-mortem, possibly in defiance or ignorance of what the deceased would have wished, we propose an early solution to regulate the rise of ghostbots, namely an enforceable ‘do not bot me’ clause in analogue or digital wills.     

Planning for the succession of digital assets

Estate planners’ current strategies for the disposition of digital assets are quickly becoming out-dated. This is largely the result of ambiguities concerning proprietary rights of digital assets after death. When advising clients on how to plan for the succession of digital assets, it is important for estate planners to understand the nature of digital assets today and to recognize how these assets may evolve. In failing to take into account the evolving nature of digital assets, estate planners are liable to craft short-sighted and thus ineffective succession plans. As the popularity of digital executor businesses increases, estate planners ought to caution clients on their shortcomings. Additionally, legislatures must create statutes which outline the rights of individuals vis-à-vis online service providers.     

应用MVR-PCR和银染法分析河北汉族人群D1S8基因座DNA结构多态性

研究D1S8基因座重复序列内部的变异,并进行数字编码。应用MVR－PCR和聚丙烯酰胺梯度凝胶电泳银染法对240名河北汉人无关个体进行检测。结果每个个体得到约30个数字编码,未发现任何两无关个体所有编码相同,30个编码完全相同的概率为3．55×10－11。3种重复单位a-型、t-型、o-型出现的频率分别为54.77％、42．54％、2．69％。为小卫星变异重复序列的研究及其在法医实践中的应用提供了一种新方法。     

Trust in digital records: An increasingly cloudy legal area

Trust has been defined in many ways, but at its core it involves acting without the knowledge needed to act. Trust in records depends on four types of knowledge about the creator or custodian of the records: reputation, past performance, competence, and the assurance of confidence in future performance. For over half a century society has been developing and adopting new computer technologies for business and communications in both the public and private realm. Frameworks for establishing trust have developed as technology has progressed. Today, individuals and organizations are increasingly saving and accessing records in cloud computing infrastructures, where we cannot assess our trust in records solely on the four types of knowledge used in the past. Drawing on research conducted at the University of British Columbia into the nature of digital records and their trustworthiness, this article presents the conceptual archival and digital forensic frameworks of trust in records and data, and explores the common law legal framework within which questions of trust in documentary evidence are being tested. Issues and challenges specific to cloud computing are introduced.     

“数字税”全球治理改革的共识与冲突——基于实验主义治理的解释

数字经济全球化背景下的税收改革不仅体现为传统税收原则的失效与调整,更体现为传统税收治理体系的改革与变迁。有害税收竞争、税收规避等新治理挑战的凸显,使得旨在解决“多重征税”问题的传统税收治理体系难以为继。经合组织推动下的国际税收秩序改革共识与各国单边主义征税行为共同构成了当前“数字税”全球治理改革的复杂图景。如何对并行存在的共识与冲突提供整体性的理论解释框架,以分析不同机制的相互影响关系,既是全球治理理论发展并应用于具体领域的需要,也是实践方面探索“数字税”未来改革进程、实现多边共识的必要前提。文章基于全球税收治理体系演变历史的回顾与逻辑的梳理,总结了国际组织和各国参与“数字税”全球治理改革进程的多重行为,进而以实验主义治理为理论分析框架,从框架性目标设定、政策学习过程、改变现状机制这三个方面为“数字税”全球治理改革进程提供了整体解释。本研究不仅有助于全面理解“数字税”全球治理改革进程的复杂机制,也有助于为我国数字经济全球化战略提供政策参考。