Chelex法和两种磁珠法提取接触DNA效果的比较

目的比较Chelex法、DNA IQ磁珠法、EQ国产磁珠法对接触DNA的提取效果。方法将稀释为10ng、100ng的标准品DNA,分别采用Chelex法、DNA IQ磁珠法、EQ国产磁珠法处理;对30例烟蒂和30例牙刷分别采用Chelex法、DNA IQ磁珠法和EQ国产磁珠法提取DNA,然后进行PCR定量和STR检测。结果Chelex法对DNA的提取无损失,DNA IQ磁珠法、EQ国产磁珠法对DNA的提取均有不同程度的损失;烟蒂、牙刷等检材采用Chelex法提取的接触DNA量和IPC CT值显著高于IQ磁珠法、EQ国产磁珠法,但STR检验成功率却低于IQ磁珠法、EQ国产磁珠法。2种磁珠法提取的DNA量、IPC CT值和STR检验成功率无显著性差异。结论污染轻、杂质少的接触DNA检材,用Chelex法提取最为方便快捷;IQ磁珠法、EQ国产磁珠法更适合污染接触DNA检材的提取及自动化操作。     

棉织物上血斑洗涤后无损取材方式及DNA提取方法研究

目的 探究不同无损取材方式及DNA提取方法对棉织物上洗涤血斑DNA分析成功率的影响。方法 采用棉签擦拭法、植绒拭子擦拭法、脱落细胞粘取器粘取法富集洗涤棉织物上的血痕。分别采用Chelex 100法、过柱法和磁珠法提取DNA。采用常规PCR和复合PCR技术扩增目标片段并分别运用琼脂糖凝胶电泳和毛细管电泳技术检测目标产物。结果 植绒拭子擦拭法取材的效果最差,通过脱落细胞粘取器粘取法获得的DNA浓度、STR分型成功率均高于棉签擦拭法,且粘取法操作较简单,实践中优先推荐选择粘取法作为该类检材的取材方式。此外,DNA浓度和STR分型结果均表明过柱法提取DNA的效果优于Chelex法,而磁珠法在3种DNA提取方法中效果最差,建议实践中选择过柱法作为此类检材DNA提取的首选方法。结论 针对棉织物检材上洗涤血痕无损取材及DNA分析,优先推荐选择脱落细胞粘取器粘取法和过柱法分别进行样本取材以及DNA提取。     

人体接触检材前处理方式对磁珠法提取DNA效果的影响

目的比较3种常见的接触检材前处理方式对磁珠法提取DNA效果的影响。方法收集烟蒂、牙刷、纱线手套各10份;分别采用95℃、70℃直接裂解和TNE、SDS、PK预消化方式进行前处理,再用磁珠法提取纯化DNA,并进行DNA定量,统计提取的接触DNA量和IPC CT值;同时用Sinofiler复合扩增系统进行STR分型检测。结果 3种方法前处理后用磁珠提取的DNA纯度均较高I,PC CT值在26.63～27.19之间。用预消化法获得的DNA量高于裂解法,而95℃裂解与70℃裂解方法提取的DNA量无显著性差异。STR扩增检测结果亦表明,采用预消化法处理的样品STR分型成功率高于裂解法9,5℃与70℃裂解方法处理的样品STR分型成功率无显著性差异。结论人体接触检材采用预消化磁珠法提取DNA,有助于提高STR检验成功率。     

Chelex-100提取生物检材DNA实时PCR定量研究

目的研究Chelex-100法提取的生物检材DNA用量与复合STR分型成功率的关系。方法113份各种生物检材采用Chelex-100法提取DNA，应用Quantifiler人类DNA定量试剂盒在ABI 7500荧光定量PCR仪上进行实时PCR定量，同时用Identifiler复合扩增系统在ABI 3100遗传分析仪上对这些DNA样品进行STR分型。结果各种生物检材提取的DNA浓度分别为：37份滤纸、纱布血痕0．042～5．28ng／μl，16份口腔拭子1．15—4．21ng／μl，18份烟头0．016～1．46ng／μl，10份肋软骨0．531—14．40ng／μl，8份肌肉5．75—24．80ng／μl，7份指甲0．788—11．50ng／μl，17份精斑0．79～99．50ng／μl。在建立的8μl扩增体系中，根据上述结果，调整用于复合STR扩增的DNA模板量在0．5—3ng之间，大部分样品可获得完全的STR分型。结论Chelex-100法提取的检材DNA模板用量在0．5—3ng之间可得到有效STR扩增，浓度为0．5ng／μl以上的DNA样品，用小体积模板（1μl）比大体积（3μl）模板扩增效果好。     

Chelex-100法提取脱落细胞检材DNA的实时定量研究

目的研究脱落细胞检材DNA检验的简便有效的提取方法。方法对76份包括帽子、眼镜、牙刷、剃须刀、梳子、口香糖、羊水在内的7种脱落细胞检材采用Chelex-100法提取DNA,在ABI7500型荧光定量PCR仪上进行定量,同时用Identifiler复合扩增系统扩增,在ABI3130遗传分析仪上进行STR分型。结果从帽子（头套）中获得的脱落细胞DNA平均含量为8.31ng,眼镜擦拭物上获得的脱落细胞DNA平均含量为6.20ng,牙刷上获得的脱落细胞DNA平均含量为49.40ng,剃须刀擦拭物上获得的脱落细胞DNA平均含量为6.92ng、梳子擦拭物上获得的的脱落细胞DNA平均含量为10.68ng,口香糖的脱落细胞DNA平均含量为16.30ng,羊水的脱落细胞DNA平均含量为320ng。以上76份检材性别及10个以上STR位点分型成功率为75.8%。结论从帽子、眼镜、牙刷、剃须刀、梳子、口香糖、羊水等检材提取的脱落细胞可用Chelex-100法提取DNA作STR分型。     

高度腐败组织不同DNA提取方法的比较

在法医实践中,一般采用Chelex-100法提取DNA可得到理想的STR分型,但对一些高度腐败组织,由于细胞自溶速度快,DNA降解严重,单纯依靠此法往往得不到理想的分型结果。为提高腐败检材检验成功率,本文运用Chelex-100联合DNA—IQ磁珠法和有机法联合QIAquick PCR纯化试剂盒法对高度腐败组织进行DNA提取,并比较其DNA提取的检测成功率。     

DNA提取方法和PCR循环次数对STR扩增成功率的影响

目的探讨常见载体上的微量血痕DNA的提取方法、PCR循环次数对STR扩增成功率的影响。方法分别应用Chelex-100法及Chelex-100结合纯化法对8种载体上不同大小的血痕样本进行DNA提取,并采用28次、30次及34次PCR循环进行STR扩增,分别观察其扩增成功率。结果经28次、30次及34次PCR循环,Chelex-100法提取DNA后的STR扩增成功率分别为0.2917,0.3333,0.4583,Chelex-100结合纯化法的STR扩增成功率分别为0.3750,0.4583,0.8750。结论用Chelex-100结合纯化法提取DNA,用34次循环扩增可提高STR基因座的检测成功率。     

Maxwell 16裂解纯化法提取陈旧精子DNA的应用

目的利用Maxwell 16裂解纯化法从保存8年以上陈旧精斑检材中获取精子DNA。方法 8份陈旧精斑检材采用Maxwell 16裂解纯化法提取精子DNA,并采用Powerplex○R21试剂盒进行复合扩增,产物用AB3130型遗传分析仪检测,结果与常规方法进行对比。结果成功获得8份陈旧精斑检材精子STR分型。结论差异裂解配合Maxwell 16裂解在陈旧精斑检材精子DNA检验中效果明显。     

磁珠法自动化纯化现场检材DNA方法研究

目的利用TE-MAGS在TECAN工作站上结合磁珠试剂盒,建立自动化工作站批量纯化现场检材DNA的方法,并探讨其在法医物证检案中的应用。方法灵敏度测试:标准品使用0.1ng/μL 9947A,用200μL TES稀释制备DNA总量0.1ng~1ng共10种的标准样品,采用本文方法提取纯化,使用IdentifilerTM试剂盒扩增,用3130XL型测序仪检测,Gene Mapper ID-X分析,分析STR图谱质量;纯化能力测试:在1ng总量的标准样品中加入腐殖酸、血红素,采用本文方法提取纯化、扩增检测,分析STR图谱质量;实际案件应用对比:收集304份现场检材,分别采用本方法和硅珠法进行提取纯化,经扩增检测,统计对比两种提取纯化方法 STR分型成功率。结果灵敏度测试:0.1ng~0.2ng总量标准样品提取的DNA模板,扩增后可检测到部分基因座STR图谱,0.3ng~1ng总量标准样品提取的DNA模板,扩增后可以得到完整的STR图谱;纯化能力测试:对混合有一定浓度的腐殖酸、血红素的标准样品的提取产物检测图谱未见明显抑制;实际案件应用对比测试:304份现场检材工作站磁珠法检出成功率(50%)高于硅珠法(40.8%)。结论本文所建立的方法缓冲范围较大,回收率高,纯化能力强,提取产物STR分型成功率高,适合现场检材批量化DNA检验。     

DNA IQ磁珠法结合Maxwell~（TM） 16自动仪提取接触DNA

目的研究DNA IQ磁珠法结合MaxwellTM 16自动仪对接触DNA提取的应用价值。方法 151份案件接触DNA检材95℃裂解后,采用DNA IQ磁珠法结合MaxwellTM 16自动仪提取DNA,然后进行DNA定量和STR分型检测,统计各种类型的接触DNA含量I、PC CT值和STR分型成功率。结果 151份案件接触DNA检材中,除果核平均DNA获得量为9.51ng以外,其它接触检材的平均DNA获得量均大于10ng,烟蒂检验成功率最高为93%,果核检验成功率较低,为60%。所有DNA样品的IPC CT值均在27左右,纯度高。结论大部分接触DNA检材采用DNA IQ磁珠法结合MaxwellTM 16自动仪可提取到足以进行STR分型的DNA。     

Case report of a homicide resolved 15 years later: The robustness of Chelex extraction

DNA typing techniques is one of the most advanced tools for human identification. During the last 10 years, a great number of methods for DNA extraction and analysis have been introduced to forensic genetic, with considerable success but also with considerable controversy. The success and validation of a criminal investigation are very closely related to the process used for obtaining and preserving biological evidence.We report the strategy that we employed to analyze evidences belonging to a homicide happened in Brescia (Italy) in 1992, not resolved at that time, with the forensic genetic analysis. After 16 years the analysis were conducted on DNA samples extracted with Chelex maintained at −80 °C, bloodstain, and biological specimens of perpetrators. Standard autosomal and Y-chromosome STR analysis identified the persons involved and victim's profiles. This case is of interest as a demonstration of a more successful application of DNA typing in well conserved DNA samples than in bloodstains kept in the Court Office.     

Extraction of DNA from decomposed human tissue. An evaluation of five extraction methods for short tandem repeat typing

Hyperpolymorphic short tandem repetitive DNA sequences, STRs or microsatellites, have become widely used in human identification, particularly in criminal cases and in mass disasters. In such cases the substrates for the analyses may be decomposed biological material, a fact that has to be taken into account when choosing the appropriate casework methods. In this paper we report the evaluation of five different DNA extraction methods, namely the phenol-chloroform, the silica based, the InstaGene Matrix (BioTest), the glass fiber filter, and the Chelex based methods. The substrates for the analyses are decomposed human liver tissue specimens from forensic autopsy cases. Extracted DNA was quantified and DNA profiled by a set of seven STRs. We have compared laboratory time consumption and costs of the five methods, showing that the Chelex method is the more rapid and less expensive of the methods, the phenol-chlorophorm and silica extractions being the most time consuming and resource demanding ones. A full profile was obtained by the silica method in nine out of ten cases and this method failed to give a reliable type in four out of 70 STR analyses. The phenol-chlorophorm and the glass fiber filter methods failed in 16 analyses, the InstaGene Matrix (BioTest) in 25 and the Chelex extracts in 56 of the 70 STR analyses. By multiple logistic regression we show that the difference between the silica procedure and the other methods are statistically significant. In our hands, the silica gel extraction procedure is an obvious choice when the biological material available is decomposed human tissue--even if this procedure is one of the more laborious ones.     

粪便DNA提取及检验

目的　研究人类粪便DNA的提取和检验方法。方法　 8人份粪便样本 ,磁珠法提取DNA后 ,进行STR复合扩增和mtDNAHVI区测序分析。结果　用 2种方法提取的粪便DNA ,STR复合扩增检验均未获成功 ;方法1提取的粪便DNA有 6个样本、方法 2有 7个样本获得了清晰可读的mtDNAHVI区序列 ,并与唾液对照样本DNA的序列完全一致。结论　用本文建立的方法提取粪便DNA ,不适于STR分析 ,可通过mtDNA测序分析进行检验。     

应用磁珠法提取陈旧骨骼DNA

目的探讨采用磁珠法提取陈旧骨骼DNA的可行性。方法取经土埋或室外暴露下存放1~5年不等的10根长骨,经水洗、刮净,钻取骨密质骨粉3g,应用EQ1000磁珠试剂盒提取DNA,经复合扩增,ABI 3130XL基因分析仪电泳分离,进行STR分型检测。结果 10根长骨均获得完整的STR分型,电泳图谱基线干净,除个别大片段基因座外,等位基因荧光信号分布均衡性较好。结论采用磁珠法提取陈旧骨骼的DNA,能满足分型要求,可在实际检案中选用。     

Chelating resin-based extraction of DNA from dental pulp and sex determination from incinerated teeth with Y-chromosomal alphoid repeat and short tandem repeats

A procedure utilizing Chelex 100, chelating resin, was adapted to extract DNA from dental pulp. The procedure was simple and rapid, involved no organic solvents, and did not require multiple tube transfers. The extraction of DNA from dental pulp using this method was as efficient, or more so, than using proteinase K and phenol-chloroform extraction. In this study, the Chelex method was used with amplification and typing at Y-chromosomal loci to determine the effects of temperature on the sex determination of the teeth. The extracted teeth were incinerated in a dental furnace for 2 minutes at 100 degrees C, 200 degrees C, 300 degrees C, 400 degrees C, and 500 degrees C. After the isolation of DNA from the dental pulp by the Chelex method, alphoid repeats, and short tandem repeats, the human Y chromosome (DYZ3), DYS19, SYS389, DYS390, and DYS393 could be amplified and typed in all samples incinerated at up to 300 degrees C for 2 minutes. The DYS389 locus in some samples could not be amplified at 300 degrees C for 2 minutes. An autopsy case is described in which genotypings of DYS19, DYS390, and DYS393 from dental pulp obtained from a burned body were needed. The data presented in this report suggest that Chelex 100-based DNA extraction, amplification, and typing are possible in burned teeth in forensic autopsy cases.     

氨基比林血痕预试验处理血痕后样本的DNA定量

目的：探讨氨基比林血痕预试验处理血痕后样本DNA含量的变化及对STR分型检测的影响。方法10名健康无关个体EDTA抗凝血液制成滤纸血痕,氨基比林血痕预试验检测,按试验后血样干燥保存时间分30 min、1 h、3 h、6 h、12 h、24 h共6个实验组,并采用磁珠法、QIAcube DNA纯化法、Chelex-100法三种方法提取样本DNA,应用荧光定量PCR检测样本DNA含量,PCR-STR荧光技术进行STR分型。结果提取方法相同时,氨基比林血痕预试验后血样随干燥保存时间的延长,样本DNA含量呈逐渐降低的趋势。保存时间相同时,不同DNA提取方法间,样本DNA含量差异也有统计学意义。90.56%样本均可获得16个STR基因座明确分型。结论氨基比林血痕预试验对血痕样本DNA有损伤,24 h内多可获有效STR分型。磁珠法提取样本DNA进行STR分型,效果最好。     

A more efficient extraction method of human bone resulting in improved DNA profiling

Eight human bone samples, from a forensic case, were extracted in parallel using our standard protocol with and without PTB in the buffer. Both methods were sometimes inadequate for (complete) STR profiling, while the presence of PTB even decreases the DNA yield.The complete decalcification of the bone extraction residues in an EDTA-solution with SDS recovered sufficient amounts of DNA, which resulted in complete STR profiling for all samples. Complete decalcification without SDS yielded even higher amounts of DNA and also complete STR profiling for all samples.Similar results were obtained for the DNA extraction from a human tooth.     

陈旧骨骼DNA提取

目的寻找从陈旧骨骼中提取DNA的有效方法。方法运用传统的有机法结合Microcon100纯化柱提取骨骼DNA。结果用常规荧光标记复合STR基因分型法可对提取到的陈旧骨骼DNA进行成功分析。结论有机法结合Micrcon100纯化柱提取陈旧骨骼DNA法可有效应用于实际检案。