鸭疫里氏杆菌病四价灭活疫苗的研究

在全国流行病学调查的基础上 ,选择四川等地流行广泛的鸭疫里氏杆菌 (RA) 1、2、4和5血清型菌株制备铝胶佐剂四价灭活疫苗。对疫苗经无菌检验及安全检验合格后 ,给 3日龄樱桃谷商品鸭每只颈背皮下注射 0 .5mL ,第 10、13和 16d免疫鸭对同源RA的攻击分别表现出 5 %～2 0 %、75 %～ 90 %和 10 0 %免疫保护力 ,第 2 3～ 30d免疫保护力开始下降。用间接ELISA对免疫鸭进行抗体消长规律检测 ,表明 3日龄樱桃谷鸭首免后第 2 3d抗体达到高峰 ,至 93日龄时仍能检出抗体 ;10日龄时进行二免后可产生更高的抗体水平 ,到第 65d时仍能保持较高抗体水平。疫苗免疫雏鸭能够显著 (P <0 .0 5 )或极显著 (P <0 .0 1)地增强其T细胞的免疫力 ,时间达 2周。经攻毒保护试验、抗体消长规律测定、T细胞免疫水平测定和田间试验 ,证明研制的鸭疫里氏杆菌病(RAI)四价灭活疫苗具有良好的安全性和免疫原性 ,能有效预防RAI的发生     

鸭传染性浆膜炎油佐剂灭活疫苗的研究

以1、2型鸭疫里默氏菌分离株为菌种研制了1型鸭传染性浆膜炎单价油佐剂灭活疫苗和1、2型鸭传染性浆膜炎二价油佐剂灭活疫苗.经过无菌及安全检查合格后,对7日龄雏鸭经颈部皮下接种0.5 mL/只,免疫后14、24 d用相同血清型强毒攻击,保护率达90%～100%.单价疫苗免疫后2周内,抗体水平持续上升,从第3周开始缓慢地下降,5周时仍然维持在较高水平.通过攻毒保护试验和抗体消长规律的测定表明,鸭传染性浆膜炎油佐剂灭活疫苗具有良好的免疫保护作用.     

鸭疫里氏杆菌病灭活疫苗的研制

从河北省某肉鸭场的鸭疫里氏杆菌病发病鸭中分离出鸭疫里氏杆菌 (Riemerellaa natipestifer ,RA)菌株。对该菌株采用液体、固体两种方法增菌培养后制成油乳剂灭活疫苗 ,以 0 .5mL/只剂量经皮下免疫 7日龄雏鸭 ,并在河北省某发病肉鸭场进行了田间试验 ,表明该疫苗免疫效果良好 ,保护率达 90 %以上     

猪传染性胸膜肺炎三价灭活疫苗的研究--效力、最小免疫量、免疫持续期和保存期试验

对中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所研制的 8批猪传染性胸膜肺炎三价灭活疫苗进行了效力试验 ,并对其中的 3批疫苗进行了最小免疫量、免疫持续期和保存期试验。结果表明 ,免疫猪对APP(Actinobacilluspleuropneumoniae) 1、3、7血清型强毒攻击的近期保护率分别为 91.6%、91.6%和 95 .8% ;免疫剂量为 1mL时 ,对APP 1、3、7血清型强毒攻击的保护率分别为 3 3 .3 %、3 3 .3 %和 5 0 .0 % ;免疫剂量为 2mL时 ,保护率分别为 88.9%、88.9%和 10 0 % ;免疫剂量为 3mL或 4mL时 ,保护率均为 10 0 % ;免疫后 12 0d和 180d时 ,攻毒保护率分别为 10 0 %、88.9%、10 0 %和 88.9%、77.8%、10 0 % ;疫苗经 4～ 8℃保存 180d和 3 60d后 ,攻毒保护率分别为 88.9%、10 0 %、10 0 %和 10 0 %、77.8%、88.9%。     

血清5型鸭疫里氏杆菌在我国的发现及其病原特性研究

1994年 1月至 2 0 0 0年 10月 ,从全国 2 5个省、自治区、直辖市的 5～ 90日龄患典型鸭疫里氏杆菌病的种鸭和商品鸭中分离到 89株血清 5型鸭疫里氏杆菌。对其病原学特性研究结果表明 ,血清 5型鸭疫里氏杆菌病在我国鸭群感染范围极广 ;分离菌株对雏鸭具有很强的致病性 ,对小白鼠无致病性 ;各地分离菌株表现出一致的形态特征和非常相似的生理生化特性 ;各地分离菌株耐药谱很广 ,但对头孢类药物和利福平高度敏感。用分离菌株制备的灭活疫苗免疫雏鸭具有很好的免疫原性。     

鸭疫里氏杆菌病的病原学特性研究

20 0 1年 6月至 2 0 0 2年 4月 ,从浙江省 7个地、市患典型鸭疫里氏杆菌病的不同品种病死鸭分离到 2 0株鸭疫里氏杆菌 (RA) ,所分离菌株对各品种雏鸭具有很强的致病性 ,各分离菌株表现出一致的形态特征和非常相似的生理生化特性。     

鸭疫里氏杆菌脂多糖单克隆抗体的制备

将鸭疫里氏杆菌CH3株作为免疫原免疫BALB/c小鼠,细胞融合后将CH3株脂多糖(LPS)作为包被抗原,筛选阳性杂交瘤细胞株。共获得2株稳定分泌鸭疫里氏杆菌CH3株LPS单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,分别将其命名为7H1和8A9。2株单克隆抗体均为IgG1亚类。腹水单克隆抗体ELISA效价分别为1∶12 800和1∶6 400。玻片凝集试验和悬浮荧光试验检测结果表明,2株单克隆抗体与血清1型菌株WJ4发生特异性反应,而与鸭疫里氏杆菌血清2型菌株NJ-3及血清10型菌株HXb2无反应性。Westernblot结果表明,2株单克隆抗体与LPS的反应条带位于LPS O抗原部分。本研究成功制备了稳定性好、特异性强的LPS单克隆抗体,可用于进一步研究鸭疫里氏杆菌LPS的结构和致病机制。     

渝西地区两株鸭疫里氏杆菌的分离鉴定与药敏试验

为了解重庆西部地区养鸭场鸭疫里氏杆菌血清型的分布及耐药谱,对送检的病死鸭进行了细菌学及病毒学分离鉴定;以参考菌株RA1和RA2制备血清,用玻片凝集试验及琼脂扩散试验鉴别疑似菌株的血清型;采取纸片法进行疑似菌株的药敏试验。结果显示,分离出2株血清型为1型的鸭疫里氏杆菌,分别被命名为YM1和YM2。它们对雏鸭的致病力较强,致死率分别达60%和70%;对头孢类药物、氨基糖苷类及黏杆菌素高度敏感,对四环素类、喹诺酮类、青霉素耐药。上述结果为当地鸭疫里氏杆菌病的防制提供了科学依据。     

Dot-PPA-ELISA对猪丹毒的免疫监测及抗体保护效价的测定

用猪瘟、猪肺疫、猪丹毒三联疫苗和猪丹毒 1a、2型氢氧化铝吸附甲醛灭活疫苗分别免疫断奶仔猪 ,采用Dot PPA ELISA监测免疫猪血清抗体变化。结果 ,弱毒疫苗免疫后第 7d猪丹毒血清抗体效价开始升高 ,第 2～ 3周达最高值 ;灭活疫苗免疫后第 3～ 4周抗体效价达最高值 ,且灭活疫苗免疫猪的抗体水平明显高于三联疫苗免疫猪。免疫 6周后 ,用C4 30 0 4 (1a型 )、C4 3179(1b型 )和C4 3 12 (2型 ) 3株不同血清型的猪丹毒混合强毒同时对不同抗体效价的免疫猪和对照猪进行了皮肤内接种攻毒 ,并根据其皮肤和体温反应确定 1∶32为猪能抵抗混合强毒攻击的抗体保护效价。经对 4 4头 5 0～ 6 0日龄未免疫的断奶仔猪血清检测 ,其抗体效价在 1∶32以下的猪占88.36 % ,2 78头免疫猪血清的抗体效价在 1∶32或以上的猪占 92 .81%。表明Dot PPA ELISA适用于猪群猪丹毒的免疫监测和免疫力测定。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病组织培养弱毒疫苗研究

本试验用鸡传染性法氏囊病(IBD)Lukert弱毒株(国外引进),经鸡成纤维细胞培养并制成疫苗。培养物效价约为10~(-7)。从第7代培养物中检出约为60nm呈圆形或六角形的病毒颗粒。注射1个刘量疫苗于1日龄鸡皮下,3～5周龄时攻毒,其保护率为100％;7周龄攻毒,其保护率为80％;3周龄再饮水免疫,10周龄攻毒,其保护率为100％;4周龄1次饮水免疫,隔3～4周攻毒,其保护率为90％以上。用苗以后14天起血清中多数可测出抗体。用1.0个或20个免疫剂量分别免疫1日龄和24日龄鸡,不出现症状和病变。疫苗毒经鸡体快速传5代不返强。本疫苗免疫1日龄至1月龄鸡时,用鸡新城疫苗免疫不产生免疫抑制,而且使用方便,1日龄鸡可混合于马立克氏病疫苗同时注射。本疫苗已应用于10多万羽鸡,安全效果良好。     

The Development of EU-Russian Relations

The EU＇s strategy for Russia since the end of the cold war has to a large extent failed, and the direct consequences are the currently deadlocked EU-Russia relationship. There are three reasons for this： the EU and Russia＇s respective strength and status relative to each other have been changing since the beginning of this century; the EU＇s strategy towards Russia has been more fragmenting in recently years; and the American factor. The EU-Russia relations could continue to be in poor shape in the years to come, and it is very likely sometimes even further worsening. But the two sides would refrain from extreme measures and prevent their relations from sliding into real cold war.     

Young American China Watchers＇ Views on China

In this paper, the author has made a thorough study over the new generation of American China Watchers. Most of the pages are devoted to a detailed comparison between the old generation and the young generation of American China Watchers regarding to their background, education, and views over China. At the end of the paper, the author also gives some policy suggestions for both the Chinese and U.S. government based on the findings in this study.     

The Balance Between Coercion and Accommodation

1. Introduction
On the morning of April 1st, 2001, a U.S. EP-3 surveillance aircraft was conducting an intelligence flight along the Chinese territorial border in the airspace south-east of China＇s Hainan Island. Two Chinese fighter jets intercepted the spy plane and followed its flight, as is considered ordinary international practice. For reasons unknown, the EP-3 airplane made a sudden maneuver and crashed into one of the Chinese planes. The Chinese plane dropped into the sea, the pilot missing. The U.S. spy plane was also severely damaged. It intruded into Chinese territorial space and landed on Hainan Island without official permission from the Chinese side. After landing, the spy plane and 24 crew on board were detained by the Chinese authorities. This air collision episode was the first of its kind in the China-U.S. relations and an urgent diplomatic crisis ensued.     

U.S. and East Asian Integration

the U.S. is directly impacting on the future of the East Asian community. Therefore, finding ways to get along with the U.S. is crucial to the speed, direction, configuration and character of the East Asian community. In this paper, the author has analyzed the interests of the United States in East Asia and its stands towards the East Asian integration. The author concludes that it is to the interest of the United States to make more efforts to further join in the East Asian integration. And East Asia should accept and welcome the American participation.     

CAFIU Honorary Vice-President Wang Zhizhen Visited Turkey,Sudan and Attended the Third China-Africa People's Forum

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CAFIU Delegation Visited Sri Lanka and Attended the Third China-Africa People's Forum in Sudan

正At the invitation of Sri Lanka-China Friendship Association(SLCFA)and Sudan Network for National Non-Governmental Organizations,a 5-member delegation led by CAFIU Deputy Secretary-General Liu Kaiyang visited Sri Lanka and attended the Third China-Africa People’s Forum held in Sudan from May 7 to 14,2014.As a member of this delegation,I had the great honor     

South Asian NGO Delegation Visiting China

正At the invitation of the Chinese Association for International Understanding(CAFIU),a 10-member NGO delegation composed of representatives from media,think tanks and NGOs from Bangladesh,India and Sri Lanka visited China from April 9 to 18.On the second day of arrival,the delegation visited Xicheng District Administrative Service Center.The center provides such services as     

Building A Platform for Understanding and Establishing Channels for Cooperation——Notes on the 2014 “Understanding & Cooperation” Dialogue

正From June 16 to 18,the 2014"UnderstandingCooperation"Dialogue and Forum on Rethinking Asia,co-hosted by CAFIU and FES and jointly organized with China Foundation for Peace and Development,was held in Tutzing,a beautiful and spacious manor located at 30km southwest of Munich.Nearly 60 delegates from more than 10Asian and European countries participated in the event,including China,Germany,Korea,Japan,     

The Second Sino-US Maritime Security Workshop Held in CIIS

正On September 25-26,2014,CIIS and Hoover Institution,Stanford University jointly held the Second Sino-US Maritime Security Workshop in Beijing.CIIS President Qu Xing and Abraham Sofall,senior research fellow with the Hoover Institution,codelivered the opening remarks.Representatives from China's Ministry of National Defense,     

俄白哈关税同盟的发展及其影响（英文）

In recent years, the Eurasian Economic Community has developed rapidly. Because of the special relationship between the SCO and the Customs Because Customs Union, the latter will inevitably exert some influence on the development of the former, but they are not fundamentally contradictory. Since the of the establishment of the Customs Union, the trade between China and the Customs Union members grows steadily.