Chelex法和两种磁珠法提取接触DNA效果的比较

目的比较Chelex法、DNA IQ磁珠法、EQ国产磁珠法对接触DNA的提取效果。方法将稀释为10ng、100ng的标准品DNA,分别采用Chelex法、DNA IQ磁珠法、EQ国产磁珠法处理;对30例烟蒂和30例牙刷分别采用Chelex法、DNA IQ磁珠法和EQ国产磁珠法提取DNA,然后进行PCR定量和STR检测。结果Chelex法对DNA的提取无损失,DNA IQ磁珠法、EQ国产磁珠法对DNA的提取均有不同程度的损失;烟蒂、牙刷等检材采用Chelex法提取的接触DNA量和IPC CT值显著高于IQ磁珠法、EQ国产磁珠法,但STR检验成功率却低于IQ磁珠法、EQ国产磁珠法。2种磁珠法提取的DNA量、IPC CT值和STR检验成功率无显著性差异。结论污染轻、杂质少的接触DNA检材,用Chelex法提取最为方便快捷;IQ磁珠法、EQ国产磁珠法更适合污染接触DNA检材的提取及自动化操作。     

M48磁珠法和Chelex-100法提取脱落细胞DNA的初步比较

目的对M48磁珠法和Chelex-100法提取脱落细胞DNA的检验效果进行比较,为优化提取方法提供参考。方法选取案件受理检材50例烟蒂、50例纺织物品、50例作案工具,根据不同条件分别用吸附法、沾附法获得DNA,采用磁珠法（M48）和Chelex-100法提取后,常规STR检测。结果烟蒂类检材采用2种方法提取DNA,所得结果没有明显差异;纺织物品和作案工具上脱落细胞DNA的提取采用M48磁珠法提取的效果明显优于Chelex-100法。结论相对而言,M48磁珠法更具优势。     

DNA数据库建设中批量样品不同DNA提取方法的比较

目的比较和选择自动化工作平台提取DNA的方法,并用于DNA数据库建设。方法用手工Chelex-100法、Biomek3000自动化工作平台结合Chelex-100法及DNA-IQTM磁珠法对实验室收集的建库滤纸血样进行DNA提取,荧光定量技术对上述3种方法提取的模板DNA进行测定;扩增产物用3100基因分析仪检测并用基因分析软件分析。结果手工Chelex-100法、自动化Chelex-100法及DNA-IQTM磁珠法提取的DNA模板浓度分别为0.593ng±0.131ng/μl、0.579ng±0.096ng/μl、0.447ng±0.056ng/μl;成功率分别为100%、98.9%、99.5%。结论本文建立的自动化Chelex-100法可用于大规模DNA数据库建设。     

烟蒂DNA分型的研究

目的 研究烟蒂中DNA提取及其检验。方法 用Chelex-100法提取170枚烟蒂样本的DNA,进行PCR扩增及STR检验。结果 除1名志愿者提供的21枚烟蒂外层纸未能检出STR基因分型外,其余烟蒂外层纸均得到分型结果。加入少许烟丝的样本未能检出STR分型,与口唇接触的海绵有时可检出基因型,6个月内的烟蒂可检出小片段基因座。结论 烟蒂能进行DNA分型,在法医检案中具有应用价值。     

全血中DNA6种提取方法的比较

目的 比较经典有机法、改良有机法、常规Chelex-100法、IQ法、Qiagen法及SP法6种方法在提取DNA纯度和得率上的差异.方法 收集10名健康志愿者的静脉全血各5mL,分别采用6种方法提取基因组DNA,通过紫外分光光度仪和荧光定量分析技术检测产物的纯度和浓度,计算得率,并使用统计软件对结果进行分析.结果 常规Chelex-100法所得DNA的纯度明显低于其他方法,而另外5种方法所得DNA纯度的差异不具有统计学意义.改良有机法得率最低,IQ法得率最高.统计结果表明试剂盒方法抽提全血DNA的得率明显高于经典有机法、常规Chelex-100法和改良有机法,其差异具有统计学意义.结论 与有机法和常规Chelex-100法相比,高质量试剂盒类方法更有利于法医学检材的DNA抽提.     

Quantitative Analysis of the DNA Distribution on Cigarette Butt Filter Paper*

The distribution of DNA on the filter paper of smoked cigarette butts was quantitatively mapped using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The filter papers from smoked cigarette butts collected from indoor and outdoor sources were sliced into equal pieces and the amount of DNA on each slice was determined. This study found that the cigarette butt filter papers sliced parallel to the seam of the cigarette had more uniformly distributed DNA on the slices and in most cases, there was enough DNA on each slice to obtain a complete DNA profile. The perpendicular slices had a less uniform pattern of distribution and some slices did not have enough DNA to obtain an interpretable DNA profile. Cigarette butts found indoors also had more DNA per cigarette on average than cigarette butts found outdoors.     

DNA提取方法和PCR循环次数对STR扩增成功率的影响

目的探讨常见载体上的微量血痕DNA的提取方法、PCR循环次数对STR扩增成功率的影响。方法分别应用Chelex-100法及Chelex-100结合纯化法对8种载体上不同大小的血痕样本进行DNA提取,并采用28次、30次及34次PCR循环进行STR扩增,分别观察其扩增成功率。结果经28次、30次及34次PCR循环,Chelex-100法提取DNA后的STR扩增成功率分别为0.2917,0.3333,0.4583,Chelex-100结合纯化法的STR扩增成功率分别为0.3750,0.4583,0.8750。结论用Chelex-100结合纯化法提取DNA,用34次循环扩增可提高STR基因座的检测成功率。     

福尔马林固定石蜡包埋组织3种DNA提取方法比较

目的探讨经福尔马林固定1d石蜡包埋组织(FFPET)提取DNA的简易有效方法。方法比较水浴加热、微波加热和二甲苯脱蜡的效果。组织脱蜡后分别采用Chelex-100+层析柱纯化法、DNA IQTM试剂盒磁珠提取法和Chelex-100+磁珠纯化法提取DNA;实时荧光定量PCR技术定量DNA;荧光标记毛细管电泳技术进行STR分型。结果二甲苯脱蜡的效果好于其他两种加热的脱蜡方法(P<0.05)。Chelex-100+层析柱纯化所获得的DNA量显著高于其他两种方法(P<0.05)。结论二甲苯脱蜡、Chelex-100+层析柱纯化法是一种简单、有效的FFPET处理方法。     

两种DNA提取法对不同色泽肋软骨STR分型成功率的比较

目的比较两种DNA提取法对不同色泽肋软骨的DNASTR分型结果的影响。方法利用Chelex-100法和酚-氯仿法,分别对30例不同色泽的腐败尸体肋软骨进行DNA提取,STR复合扩增,ABI3100型基因分析仪对扩增产物进行检测。结果用酚-氯仿法提取的30例腐败尸体肋软骨,均检测到全部STR基因座的等位基因型。用Chelex-100法提取的肋软骨中,22例(11例白色、8例淡黄色、3例黄色)检测出全部STR基因座的等位基因型;7例(3例黄色、4例黄褐色)检测出部分STR基因座的等位基因型;1例黑灰色的腐败尸体肋软骨,未检测出STR基因座的等位基因型。结论根据肋软骨的色泽,选择适宜的DNA提取方法。对于颜色较深的肋软骨,用酚-氯仿法进行DNA提取有助于提高其STR基因座的检出率。     

Differex~（TM）与Chelex-100法在混合斑检验中的应用比较

目的探讨DifferexTM系统法在法医学性侵犯案件混合斑检验中的应用价值,并与传统Chelex-100法进行比较。方法对日常性侵犯案件中的生物检材分别通过DifferexTM系统法与Chelex-100法检验来比较两种方法的优劣。结果采用Chelex-100法提取时,在所检验样本中仅有床单全部获得单一分型,而采用DifferexTM系统法则只有一条内裤的分型为混合型,其它均为单一分型。应用DifferexTM系统法还可以同时提取女性上皮细胞DNA,成功率为100%。采用Chelex-100法时出现双尖峰的频率也明显超过DifferexTM系统法。结论 DifferexTM系统法在法医学性侵犯案件混合斑检验中比Chelex-100法具有更明显的优势,是一种非常有应用前景的方法。     

Extraction of high quality DNA from biological materials and calcified tissues

Calcified tissues, such as bone and tooth, and some other sample types, such as those containing adhesive, present a challenge to standard extraction protocols. We have developed a lysis reagent, BTA™ lysis buffer, which is designed for use with PrepFiler™ Kit reagents. The BTA™ lysis buffer disrupts calcified tissue matrices and achieves effective extraction of DNA from pulverized bone and tooth samples. In addition, the BTA™ lysis buffer mildly but efficiently extracts DNA from challenging substrates like tape, chewing gum, and cigarette butts and, as with bone and tooth, DNA from these lysates is purified using established PrepFiler™ reagent extraction protocols.We successfully extracted DNA from powdered human bone samples, chewed gum and smoked cigarettes using BTA™ lysis buffer. Extraction yields for bone, gum and cigarette samples tested were consistent and reproducible. This extraction method efficiently removed potential PCR inhibitors from all samples tested, and C_T values for the internal PCR control of Quantifiler^® Human DNA Quantification Kit were consistent and within the normal range. The DNA extracted from these samples also provided conclusive profiles that were free of PCR artifacts when amplified using the AmpF?STR^® Identifiler^® PCR Amplification Kit. The protocol is easily adapted for automation.     

应用自动化工作站提取常见生物样本DNA

目的建立使用自动化工作站提取法医案件生物样本DNA的方法。方法选用Biomek 3000自动化工作站,采用DNA IQTM系统及Chelex法对法医案件中常见生物样本进行DNA提取,荧光定量技术进行定量,PCR扩增16个STR基因座并与手工提取方法比较。结果与手工提取方法进行比较,选用自动化工作站结合使用DNAIQTM系统及Chelex法提取DNA可获得满意的STR检验结果。结论自动化工作站可用于法医案件中常见生物样本的DNA提取。     

吸附性载体上微量血痕的DNA分型

目的研究吸附性载体上微量血痕的DNA提取及其检验。方法用Chelex-100法、QIAamp MiniKit、及QIAamp Mini Kit改良法提取吸附性载体上微量血痕中的DNA,进行PCR扩增及STR检验。结果采用Chelex-100法及QIAamp Mini Kit的分型成功率很低;采用QIAamp Mini Kit的改良法能较好的得到分型图谱。结论采用QIAamp Mini Kit的改良法能较好的提取吸附性载体上微量血痕的模板DNA。     

Evaluation of DNA Extraction Methods for Processing Fingerprint Powder-Coated Forensic Evidence

In unison, fingerprinting and DNA analysis have played a pivotal role in forensic investigations. Fingerprint powders that are available on the market can come in a range of colors and with specific properties. This study evaluated the efficiency of DNA extraction from samples coated with 3 brands of fingerprint powders: Lightning, Sirchie, and SupraNano, covering a range of colors and properties. A total of 23 fingerprint powders were tested using the Chelex, Promega DNA IQ™, and Applied Biosystems™ PrepFiler™ DNA extraction protocols. The DNA IQ™ and PrepFiler™ methods extracted higher yields of DNA in comparison to Chelex, which also accounted for better quality of PowerPlex x00AE; 21 DNA profiles recovered. There were no signs of degradation or inhibition in the quantification data, indicating that samples returning low DNA yield was due to interference during DNA extraction and not PCR inhibition. DNA profiles were recovered from the majority of fingerprint powders with only a single powder, Sirchie Magnetic Silver, failing to produce a profile using any of the methods tested. A link was observed between the DNA extraction chemistry, fingerprint powder property, that is, nonmagnetic, magnetic and aqueous, and the brand of fingerprint powder. Overall, the DNA IQ™ method was favorable for nonmagnetic fingerprint powders, while magnetic fingerprint powders produced more DNA profiles when extracted with the PrepFiler™ chemistry. This study highlights the importance of screening DNA extraction chemistries for the type of fingerprint powder used, as there is not a single DNA extraction method that suits all fingerprint powder brands and properties.     

Genotyping of DNA samples under adverse conditions of Low Copy Number—LCN (formolisados tissue samples and embedded in paraffin)

This paper aims to describe and evaluate a protocol for extraction of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) in formalinized tissues and embedded in paraffin for forensics genetic analysis. In outline the method is the removal of paraffin with an organic solvent in 0.3–0.5 mg of the sample of the tissue under study, followed by removal of formaldehyde, rehydration and soon after the extraction of genomic DNA. The extraction is achieved through the stages of cellular lysis, enzymatic digestion of proteins and DNA precipitation in ethanol medium. With the research we can conclude that even when the DNA is present in small quantities in conditions of extreme difficulties in its extraction, as formalinized tissues and embedded in paraffin, the technique of optimizing the extraction of DNA used both to organic extraction as Chelex, for use in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and possible the investigation of different samples of human tissue, biological samples, or was obtained under the conditions tested, a DNA with good quality and concentration. The samples were amplified for the mini-STRs loci using the product marketed in multilocus, using a methodology recommended by the supplier and validated for analysis of forensic DNA. Commercial kit was used MiniFiler from Applied Biosystems. The DNA fragments amplified by PCR showed that the extracted DNA had good amplification.     

3种DNA提取法在污染严重混合斑分型中的应用比较

目的比较Chelex-100法、酚/氯仿法和二氧化硅膜法3种DNA提取法在污染严重混合斑分型中的应用效果。方法从日常案例中收集污染严重的混合斑25份,差异消化法分离精子后同时用Chelex-100法、酚/氯仿法和二氧化硅膜技术3种方法提取DNA,采用PCR-STR技术对D19S253、FGA和CSF1PO 3个基因座进行分型,Gel-Pro软件处理电泳图谱,SPSS软件分析比较不同方法之间的差异。结果采用Chelex-100法提取DNA,25份检材分型结果均未成功;采用酚/氯仿法,25份检材中10份分型成功,3份检材FGA和CSF1PO基因座可分型,4份检材CSF1PO基因座可分型;采二氧化硅膜纯化法,25份检材均成功分型;酚/氯仿法和二氧化硅膜法两种方法比较,结果存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论二氧化硅膜纯化技术可以有效去除PCR抑制物,提取的DNA扩增效果明显优于Chelex-100法和酚/氯仿法,具有较高的应用价值。     

3种方法联合运用提取人体脱落上皮细胞DNA

目的寻求提高法医物证检验中附有人体脱落细胞载体检材的DNA检出率的方法。方法根据案件检材的具体条件．选择3种提取方法即Chelex-100法、Chelex-100联合有机法和Chelex-100联合磁珠法。结果采用了分步提取DNA法,可充分、有效地提取微量DNA,提高了人体脱落上皮细胞有效DNA的检出率。结论根据第一步提取方法的检测结果,来调整下一步的提取策略,如是否加以纯化浓缩,可增加人体脱落上皮细胞有效DNA的检出率。     

DNA IQ磁珠法结合Maxwell~（TM） 16自动仪提取接触DNA

目的研究DNA IQ磁珠法结合MaxwellTM 16自动仪对接触DNA提取的应用价值。方法 151份案件接触DNA检材95℃裂解后,采用DNA IQ磁珠法结合MaxwellTM 16自动仪提取DNA,然后进行DNA定量和STR分型检测,统计各种类型的接触DNA含量I、PC CT值和STR分型成功率。结果 151份案件接触DNA检材中,除果核平均DNA获得量为9.51ng以外,其它接触检材的平均DNA获得量均大于10ng,烟蒂检验成功率最高为93%,果核检验成功率较低,为60%。所有DNA样品的IPC CT值均在27左右,纯度高。结论大部分接触DNA检材采用DNA IQ磁珠法结合MaxwellTM 16自动仪可提取到足以进行STR分型的DNA。     

微量体表脱落上皮细胞的DNA检验

目的　建立微量体表脱落上皮细胞的DNA检验方法。　方法　采用Chelex -10 0法提取DNA ,以Microcon -10 0纯化柱纯化浓缩DNA ,用ProfilerPlus试剂盒PCR扩增后用 3 10基因分析仪检测。　结果　 10种常见粘附有体表脱落上皮细胞的样本 10 0个 ,其中 7种 70个样本成功检测到 10个STR位点的分型 ,检出率为 10 0 % ,其余 3种样本检出率分别为 5 0 %、2 0 %、10 % ,将该方法应用于 2例实际检案 ,取得满意效果。　结论　所建立方法稳定可靠 ,易于操作 ,适用于多种检材 ,为微量体表脱落上皮细胞的DNA检验提供了确实可行的检验方法     

硅珠法在纯化污染检材中的应用

目的改进硅珠法在纯化污染DNA样本中的应用方法。方法对硅珠法中的具体步骤进行改进,直接纯化、浓缩Chelex法获得的不纯DNA,采用IdentifilerTM试剂盒进行复合扩增,产物经ABI3100测序仪分型检测。结果纯化后的DNA获得了满意的DNA分型。结论硅珠法能够有效地去除DNA样本中的污染物,直接用于纯化Chelex-100法提取的DNA。