最终消费在广东经济增长中的作用

按支出法计算的GDP由最终消费(消费需求)、资本形成总额(投资需求)、货物和服务的进出口(国外需求)3部分所构成。作为拉动经济增长的3驾马车之一,国内消费需求是经济增长的根本动力。实证分析方法证明,最终消费对广东经济增长同样具有巨大的作用。     

浅谈解决国内消费需求不足的对策

中国国内消费需求不足的主要原因是巨大的潜在消费需求在消费观念、消费市场等障碍下难以转化为现实的消费需求．解决这个问题可采取５个主要对策：（１）调整产业结构和产品结构；（２）提高收入，改善分配；（３）大力推广消费信贷；（４）健全社会保障体系，促进即期消费；（５）积极营造新的消费热点．     

当代青年的消费方式初探

当代青年是一个特殊的消费群体,他们的消费观念预示着未来的消费趋向。在走向小康的过程中,当代青年群体的消费水平明显提高,消费环境更加丰足,当代青年日益注重自身消费质量和生活质量的总体改善。当代青年在消费生活中往往会发生一些消费偏误,这是多种因素综合作用的结果,其中既有社会因素、家庭因素,也有青年自身特点因素的影响。当代青年的自我矫治是养成良好的消费方式的重要方面。     

枣阳自来水公司职工消费服务社受到欢迎

枣阳自来水公司职工消费服务社受到欢迎湖北枣阳市自来水公司工会根据职工群众的要求和本公司的实际成立了“职工消费服务社”。职工消费服务社的宗旨是服务职工，让利于职工，改善职工的生活福利条件，为职工排忧解难。运作形式是由工会牵头组织，配备两名工作人员，并在...     

刊中报

湖北省城市居民最低生活保障新规定,长期不能按时足额得到工资、下岗职工基本生活费等“应得收入”的职工,民政部门在其申请“低保”时将按“实际收入”计算其家庭收入。以往核定“低保”申请对象的家庭收入时,无论申请者是否领到工资、基本生活费等应得收入,都以足额领取计算。     

职工“愚型消费”应引起重视

职工“愚型消费”应引起重视古月，居山现在有一些企业因种种原因发不出工资，职工生活有不少困难，当然，也有一些企业经营有了很大的转机，职工经济收入明显提高，手里有了一些结余。然而，最近笔者在调查中发现，有些已脱贫的职工现在又负债累累，重陷贫困。究其原因，...     

国民经济增长、收入分配体系优化与社会消费结构协同发展研究——基于中美两国边际消费倾向差异的比较分析

收入分配和社会消费在国民经济增长中具有举足轻重的地位,完善的收入分配体系和合理的社会消费结构对社会经济的协调发展发挥至关重要的作用。利用历史数据并运用协整模型测算中美两国边际消费倾向,可以揭示中美两国国民消费行为差异,以及两国经济增长和国民收入分配体系对社会消费结构不同的影响。通过比较分析,美国边际消费倾向较高且有逐渐上升的趋势,中国边际消费倾向较低且有逐渐降低的趋势。因此,优化收入分配结构,扩大消费在国民收入中的比重,提高劳动者整体的消费水平,推动我国经济社会的稳定增长,成为保证中国国民经济健康和可持续发展的新课题。     

工运信息与动态

工运信息与动态国家将推行按收入线分配住房的办法从今年下半年开始，国家将逐步推行按城镇居民家庭收入线分配住房的办法，即向高收入家庭售房实行市场价，向中低收入家庭售房实行成本价，特别是国家安居工程和各地经济适用住房必须按收入线分配住房，并逐渐扩展到现有公...     

消费文化与工人阶级

是费文化以中产阶级为基础而形成,无论是产品的广告形象还是产品的设计都以中产阶级为对象.但消费文化一经出现就对工人阶级产生了影响.而消费文化中存在的消费与资本主义生产之间的矛盾,决定了工人阶级在受到消费文化影响的同时,并不具备相应的购买力.工人运动的重心因此转型为维护工人阶级的消费权利,由此带来了一系列的思想转变和制度变革,工人阶级由此成为购买力虽然有限但也具有强烈消费意愿并以消费为生活目的的消费者.     

论可持续发展的消费理念及方式

可持续消费观是可持续发展模式的派生物 ,它对整个发展模式的实施产生巨大影响。本文剖析了现有消费方式给人类发展造成的危害 ,阐述了可持续发展的消费理念及方式。     

Neighborhood or School? Influences on Alcohol Consumption and Heavy Episodic Drinking Among Urban Adolescents

Little is known about the relative influences of neighborhood and school on the alcohol socialization process. Survey data from the Young in Oslo Study (N?=?10,038, mean age 17.1 years, 52% girls) were used to investigate the details of such influences, using cross-classified multilevel models. School and neighborhood contexts were equally important for ordinary alcohol use; however, neighborhood influences were mainly explained by individual and family factors, whereas peer-based sociocultural processes played a key role in explaining school effects. Neither context had much impact on heavy episodic drinking. The study suggests that “privileged” youth may be at risk of high alcohol consumption. Parental influences and peer-based sociocultural aspects of the school milieu should be considered in prevention efforts.     

就业稳定性、市民化意愿与农民工消费

采用广东省 2740 份农民工调查数据，分析了农民工的稳定就业促进市民化意愿增强，进而增加 其消费的作用机理，并探讨了城市差异对其影响。研究结果显示，就业稳定性对农民工消费有着显著的正向影 响，并存在以市民化意愿为中介变量的中介效应。进一步研究发现，存在被城市差异调节的市民化意愿中介效应。 在非一线城市，市民化意愿的中介效应显著存在。而在一线城市，市民化意愿的中介效应则不存在，即一线城 市中就业稳定性并不能促进农民工的市民化意愿。因此，提升农民工的就业稳定性，在制定和实施差别落户政 策中应该对农民工开放更多机会，对促进农民工的市民化与消费至关重要。     

中国人力资本投资状况及其政策选择

人力资本投资状况对我国经济发展和劳动者个人收入水平有着至关重要的影响。虽然我国对人力资本的投资总量在逐年增长,但我国的人力资本投资支出还远远低于各国平均数,与物质资本投资相比较,人力资本投资的相对量还处于较低水平,投资结构也不尽合理。     

关于提高劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重的思考

如果将提高劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重与按劳分配为主、多种分配方式并存的分配原则联系起来理解,按劳分配为主应该是劳动报酬在国民收入分配中占较大的比重。这既可以实现共同富裕,又与当今世界发展趋势相一致。通过对国民收入初次分配领域现状的分析,可以得出以下两点,一是自1992年以来劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重不断下降;二是通过比较分析,劳动报酬提高的空间还是很大的。政府通过实施工资倍增计划,可以为提高劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重创造一个十分有利的宏观环境。     

A Longitudinal Study of the Reciprocal Effects of Alcohol Use and Interpersonal Violence Among Australian Young People

The impact of alcohol-related violence on individuals and society continues to receive attention from both media and policy makers. However, the longitudinal relationship between alcohol consumption and violence is unclear, with findings from prospective studies producing mixed results. The current study utilized Australian data from the International Youth Development Study to examine longitudinal relationships between alcohol consumption and severe interpersonal violence across the developmental periods of early adolescence to late adolescence/emerging adulthood. The full sample comprised 849 adolescents (53.8 % female) who had been followed up over a 5 year period, from Grade 7 secondary school (age 13) until Grade 11 secondary school (age 17). Cross-lagged path analysis was used to examine reciprocal relationships between alcohol consumption and interpersonal violence; analyses controlled for a range of covariates considered to be common risk factors for both behaviors. Alcohol use during early and mid adolescence was found to predict violence 2 years later, whereas a bi-directional relationship between adolescent heavy episodic drinking and violence was observed. Some of these relationships were not significant when covariates such as family conflict and affiliation with antisocial and drug using friends were included in the models. These findings suggest that risk processes begin in late childhood or very early adolescence; efforts to reduce one problem behavior are likely to reduce the other. Further, the role that social and family contexts have in influencing the relationships between alcohol use and interpersonal violence should be considered in future research to better inform preventive efforts.     

Buffer or Brake? The Role of Sexuality-Specific Parenting in Adolescents’ Sexualized Media Consumption and Sexual Development

One main source of sexual socialization lies within family interactions. Especially sexuality-specific parenting may determine adolescents’ sexual development—adolescents’ sexual behavior and sexual risk behavior, sexualized media consumption and permissive sexual attitudes—to a significant extent, but different ideas exist about how this works. In this longitudinal study, we examined two hypotheses on how sexuality-specific parenting—parenting aimed specifically at children’s sexual attitudes and behaviors—relates to adolescents’ sexual development. A first buffer hypothesis states that parents’ instructive media discussions with their children—called instructive mediation—buffers the effect of sexualized media consumption on adolescents’ sexual attitudes and behavior and, vice versa, the effect of adolescents’ sexual attitudes and behavior on sexualized media consumption. A second brake hypothesis states that parents, by communicating love-and-respect oriented sexual norms, slow down adolescents’ development toward increased sexualized media use, permissive sexual attitudes, and sexual behavior and sexual risk behavior. Using four-wave longitudinal data from 514 Dutch adolescents aged 13–16 years (49.8% female), we found evidence to support a brake effect. More frequent parental communication of love-and-respect oriented sexual norms was associated with less permissive sexual attitudes and, for boys, with less advanced sexual behavior and a less rapid increase in sexual risk behavior. Parents’ instructive mediation regarding adolescents’ sexualized media consumption was associated with less permissive sexual attitudes at baseline, but only for girls. No systematic evidence emerged for a buffer effect of parents’ instructive mediation. In conclusion, although our data seem to suggest that parent–child communication about sex is oftentimes “after the fact”, we also find that more directive parental communication that conveys love-and-respect oriented sexual norms brake adolescents’ move toward sexual maturity.     

Neighborhood,Family, and Peer Factors Associated with Early Adolescent Smoking and Alcohol Use

There is broad agreement that neighborhood contexts are important for adolescent development, but there is less consensus about their association with adolescent smoking and alcohol use. Few studies have examined associations between neighborhood socioeconomic contexts and smoking and alcohol use while also accounting for differences in family and peer risk factors for substance use. Data drawn from the Seattle Social Development Project (N?=?808), a gender-balanced (female?=?49%), multiethnic, theory-driven longitudinal study originating in Seattle, WA, were used to estimate trajectories of smoking and alcohol use from 5th to 9th grade. Time-varying measures of neighborhood socioeconomic, family, and peer factors were associated with smoking and alcohol use at each wave after accounting for average growth in smoking and alcohol use over time and demographic differences. Results indicated that living in more socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods, lower family income, lower family general functioning, more permissive family smoking environments, and affiliation with deviant peers were independently associated with increased smoking. Lower family functioning, more permissive family alcohol use environments, and deviant peers were independently associated with increased alcohol use. The effect of neighborhood disadvantage on smoking was mediated by family income and deviant peers while the effect of neighborhood disadvantage on alcohol use was mediated by deviant peers alone. Family functioning and family substance use did not mediate associations between neighborhood disadvantage and smoking or alcohol use. The results highlight the importance of neighborhood, family, and peer factors in early adolescent smoking and alcohol use. Future studies should examine the unique association of neighborhood disadvantage with adolescent smoking net of family socioeconomics, functioning, and substance use, as well as peer affiliations. Better understanding of the role of contextual factors in early adolescent smoking and alcohol use can help bolster efforts to prevent both short and long harms from substance use.     

论第三次分配与社会工作者的责任

在国民收入分配领域里,存在一个两难问题,即“效率和公平”问题,如何做到效率优先又兼顾公平,这就需要通过三次分配来解决。在我国目前社会主义市场经济条件下,第一次分配是由市场机制来进行,主要是保证“效率优先”。公平问题由第二次分配来解决,即由政府主导的,通过税收和财政支出所进行的社会保障来进行。但由于种种原因,第二次分配还存在许多不足之处,这就需要第三次分配来加以补充。第三次分配主要是由社会工作者来做的事业,做好它是社会工作者义不容辞的责任。     

Individual Popularity,Peer Group Popularity Composition and Adolescents’ Alcohol Consumption

Previous studies have convincingly shown associations between popularity and adolescent drinking. This study examined whether the popularity composition of the peer group and the relative difference in popularity between adolescents and their peers are also associated with adolescent drinking. Participants were 800 adolescents (M _age?=?14.73; SD_age?=?1.00; 51.6?% girls) from 31 classrooms who completed peer ratings of popularity and self-reports of alcohol consumption. Results showed that drinking was higher among popular than unpopular adolescents, higher among popular adolescents surrounded by less popular classmates, and lower in classrooms with more variability in popularity. Thus, beyond individual popularity, peer group popularity composition also should be taken into account when investigating antisocial and health risk behaviors in adolescence such as drinking.     

促进共同富裕视角下完善工资分配政策研究 ——以坚持劳动力要素按贡献参与分配为前提

劳动力要素按贡献参与分配是初次分配中的重要内容。本研究在梳理分析我国工资分配制度政 策的现状及积极成效的基础上，探讨了当前工资分配领域仍待解决的 4 个突出问题，包括劳动报酬的比重在一 段时期出现下降，农村居民的工资性收入与城镇居民的相比依然不高，农村居民的工资性收入区域差距还比较大， 行业间工资收入差距需要进一步缩小。研究认为，完善劳动力要素按贡献参与分配制度机制，要坚持改革与发 展相结合，“做大蛋糕”与“分好蛋糕”并重。研究建议：推动经济增长与居民收入增长同步，实现劳动生产 率与劳动报酬同步提高；深化工资分配制度改革，健全工资决定和合理调整机制。