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《法医学杂志》2021,(3)
在人类尸体上发现的昆虫样本可为最短死亡时间(minimum postmortem interval,PMImin)推断提供重要信息。在中国重庆某废弃工厂里发现了一具女性尸体,经现场勘验和尸体检验确认为他杀死亡。由于死者不同部位的腐败程度不一致,难以确定死亡时间。通过形态学观察和线粒体DNA测序分析,确定尸体上的昆虫样本为绯颜裸金蝇。根据该种属的发育速度资料,尸体的PMImin推断为452 h。死亡时间的准确推断为案件侦查和犯罪嫌疑人起诉提供了重要的昆虫学证据,证实了在该区域特定种属的昆虫学证据对准确死亡时间的推断具有较高的实用价值,尤其适合晚期腐败尸体的PMI推断。 相似文献
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死亡时间推断一直是法医学的重点和难点,且死亡时间越长,推断精确性越差。随着科技发展,可以通过蛋白质、mRNA的变化等方法为死亡时间的推断带来了无限精确的可能性,但在实际检案中实用性不强。在多数情况下,法医需要在案件现场通过对尸体变化的肉眼观察对死亡时间做出推断。为了提高现场推断死亡时间的准确性,通过查阅文献及所受理案件的方式收集到死亡时间明确的尸体68例,从所处环境及尸体因素等方面分析讨论实际案例中尸体现象与死亡时间的关系。 相似文献
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高度腐败尸体的死后间隔时间一直是法医实践中的难题。通过在现场腐败尸体上提取的嗜尸性昆虫,判断其生活习性,可以较准确地进行死亡时间推断,因此对嗜尸性昆虫种类的准确鉴定十分重要。由于案发现场环境复杂多变、人为破坏等情况,往往现场仅能发现一些干的嗜尸性昆虫样本、昆虫破残的肢体以及于蛹壳等,用形态学方法对其进行分类受到一定限制,取而代之用分子生物学方法可对嗜尸性昆虫进行种类鉴别。 相似文献
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尸源性昆虫在某些刑事案件的侦破中占有重要地位,对于推断死者的死亡时间和推断尸体是否有转移有重要的作用。双翅目中的丽蝇科绿蝇属昆虫是尸体上常见的昆虫之一,通常最先到达尸体,而且最喜阳光,该特点以及在尸体上发现的绿蝇属昆虫幼虫的生长发育阶段,可以为刑事案件的侦破提供十分有力的证据。本文主要从生物形态学和分子生物学对绿蝇的种属鉴定以及绿蝇日龄的推断等方面,综述了根据绿蝇属昆虫推断死亡时间的法医学应用研究进展。 相似文献
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利用尸冷推测死亡时间 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在命案现场的现场勘察和尸体检验中 ,常规的尸体检验中对尸体现象如尸斑、尸僵、尸体痉挛和尸表损伤等比较注重 ,这对分析死亡过程、推断死亡时间有一定的作用 ,特别是早期的尸体现象对推测死亡时间可以精确到小时以内 ,这对犯罪嫌疑人的认定和排除有重要意义 ,也是命案现场要解决的最重要的问题之一。死亡时间的推断如何做到精确 ,是全世界法医界尚未解决的重要问题之一 ,只有具备了十分丰富的经验 ,联合运用多种方法综合判断才能达到比较准确的结果。尸冷是早期尸体现象之一 ,正常机体产热与散热保持平衡状态 ,使人的体温恒定在 37℃左右 … 相似文献
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死亡时间推断有十分重要的法医学意义,对查明案件真相常常起到关键作用。在实践中,腐败尸体的死亡时间推断历来是法医学的难点,推断的死亡时间同实际死亡时间存在误差常是难以避免的,但若误差较大,对案件的侦办就失去了实际意义,甚至会误导案件的侦查方向,产生冤假错案。此时的“误差”就应称为错误。本文对13例腐败尸体死亡时间错误推断的原因进行回顾性分析,并就腐败尸体死亡时间推断应注意的问题进行讨论,旨在提高基层法医工作者对腐败尸体某些尸体现象的认识和重视。1案例资料1.1一般资料13例腐败尸体案例来自于南京市公安局法医中心199… 相似文献
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An adequate death investigation requires the combined efforts and cooperation of experts in different disciplines: crime scene technicians, death investigators, forensic pathologists, anthropologists, entomologists, other medical and non-medical professionals. These front-line experts play a crucial role in every death investigation process. The forensic pathologist normally has the legal authority to take charge of the dead body at a death scene and his primary functions are the exterior and interior examination of the cadaver by analyzing the extent of antemortem injuries and the postmortem changes and the recovery of physical evidence. He is responsible for determining how, when and why of any death which is the result of violence, suspicious or unexplained circumstances or a death which is sudden or unattended, defending and explaining the reasons for making these diagnoses in a courtroom. The forensic entomologist can provide invaluable aid in death cases where human remains are colonized by insects and in the overall investigation. His principal role is to identify the arthropods associated with such cases and to analyze entomological data for interpreting insect evidence. He is responsible for determining the period of insect activity according to all the variables affecting insect invasion of remains and their development. The major goal of medico-criminal entomology is to contribute to the determination of the time, cause, manner and place of the investigated death (especially on badly decomposed corpses or skeletonized human remains) with the support of all the elements which can be inferred from the study of insects found on the cadaver or nearby. The application of techniques devised recently in forensic entomology can allow experts in the field to collect strong entomological evidence and provide useful information not only in a death investigation including movement or storage of the remains following death, time of dismemberment, postmortem artifacts on the body but also at the scene, and even more in child neglect, sexual molestation and identification of suspects. As the role of the forensic entomologist at the death scene, at the autopsy and in the laboratory is defined and well known, this paper focuses on the difficulties that could arise if forensic pathologists and entomologists are uncertain about the procedures that they have to follow, do not realize the value of objective findings or fail to evaluate them. Although every forensic case presents a slightly different set of circumstances and has to be tackled individually, the forensic pathologist should work with the forensic entomologist from the visual observations of the cadaver on the scene, through the collection of arthropods and temperature data at the death scene and at the autopsy, up to the final report with the interpretation of entomological and other biological evidence. 相似文献
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嗜尸性昆虫的准确鉴定是应用昆虫判断死亡时间的先决条件,但是昆虫的鉴定只有相关类群的昆虫专家能够鉴定。DNA条形码(DNA Barcoding)技术是利用一个或少数几个DNA片段对地球上现有物种进行识别和鉴定的一项新技术。这一技术给生物分类研究带来了空前的繁荣,同时也给法医昆虫学中各昆虫种类的鉴别研究带来新的动力。 相似文献
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Entomotoxicology is a relatively new branch of forensic entomology. The potential use of insects for detecting drugs and other toxins in decomposing tissues has been widely demonstrated. In death investigations, Diptera and other arthropods can be reliable alternate specimens for toxicological analyses in the absence of tissues and fluids normally taken for such purposes. Entomotoxicology also investigates the effects caused by drugs and toxins on arthropod development in order to assist the forensic postmortem interval estimates. However, several remarks on the limitations of entomotoxicology have been highlighted recently. In this paper, the implications for the practice of this forensic procedure are fully reviewed. 相似文献
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Forensic entomology as a science and a tool for investigation has had slow beginnings in Australia. A number of small animal decomposition trials have been recorded in the literature but mostly from an ecological rather than a forensic entomology perspective. In the last 20 years, a number of more forensically orientated field trials on small pigs and some fly developmental trials in the laboratory have been conducted but lack any replication. The following article was presented at an international seminar to detail the current research in forensic entomology, the applications of forensic entomology in scene of crime (SOC) and homicide investigations and the education of police and judiciary in the discipline of forensic entomology in Western Australia over the last 10 years. 相似文献