头发中滥用药物的测定 (一)吗啡

本文主要介绍从吸食毒品者的头发中检测吗啡成分的方法。采用酸解和碱解的方法将头发解离,用固相提取技术,从解离液中获得净化样品,并对样品进行衍生化,用GC/MS方法进行检测。我们用10mg头发样品检测吗啡。     

运用数码相机进行分色偏振光摄影

目的研究运用数码相机进行分色偏振光摄影的可能性和方法。方法比较用数码相机拍摄有色地毯上的灰尘鞋印的各种方法的效果。结果分色偏振光摄影方法得到了较理想的效果。结论用数码相机进行分色偏振光摄影是有效的 ,相对传统方法提高了工作效率。     

江西汉族人群15个STR基因座的多态性调查

应用AmpFlSTR IdentifilerTM荧光标记复合扩增系统对200例江西汉族无关个体进行调查,并通过统计分析,获得了江西汉族群体遗传学调查数据,为法医学个人识别、亲权鉴定提供基础资料。一、材料和方法(一)实验材料200份江西籍汉族人群无关个体血样由我处和江西省公安厅刑科所提供。(二)方法所有样本用Chelex-100的方法提取DNA。用AmpFlSTR IdentifilerTM Kit,经改良,用8μl反应体系进行扩增。用ABI310遗传分析仪进行毛细管电泳,用GeneScan Analysis3.7和Genotyper3.7软件进行检测、分型。用直接记数法计算各基因座的基因型、基因频…     

油墨捺印赤足迹的稳定性研究

目的探讨使用油墨法捺印赤足迹样本的稳定性;方法用图像处理方法得到油墨赤足印的轮廓,计算机软件测量特征尺寸,用统计学方法分析数据;结果特征尺寸偏差≤4mm;结论油墨捺印方法能够稳定、客观地反映足迹特征。     

用酒灌醉的方法获取他人财物案件定罪量刑的几个问题

用酒灌醉的方法获取他人财物案件定罪量刑的几个问题张必佑在司法实践中，犯罪分子采取用酒灌醉的方法获取他人财物的案件屡有发生，由于对这一作案方法的属性及其社会危害性认识不清，往往导致定性错误，处罚失轻。笔者拟就此种犯罪的定性及处罚谈几点看法。用酒灌醉的方...     

氟乐灵的检验

目的建立氟乐灵的提取方法和检验方法。方法用液-液萃取法、固相萃取法提取生物检材中氟乐灵,然后用气相色谱法及薄层色谱法进行分析。结果氟乐灵在强酸性条件下提取率最高,在乙醚和苯溶剂中提取率较高,并且用混合溶剂提取优于单一溶剂提取。固相萃取的优越性不明显,而液-液萃取法显得更简单、快速。结论所建立的方法快速准确,效果良好。     

GC／MS法分析生物检材中呋喃丹

目的建立生物检材中呋喃丹的检验方法。方法利用溶剂苯将生物检材进行振荡提取、离心,再用色谱-质谱联用技术对上层苯溶液进行分析。结果用该方法在4个实际案例中检出了呋喃丹和其代谢产物呋喃酚。结论该方法适合于案件检验。     

强迫卖淫的作案新手法——“恋爱”交友方式

我国《刑法》第三百五十八条规定了强迫卖淫罪,按照一般的观点,此罪的客观方面表现为违背他人意志,用暴力、胁迫或者其它方法迫使他人卖淫,关于用何种方法强迫他人卖淫,法律上没有限制,实践中主要用暴力、胁迫的方法,如采用对他人殴打、虐待、捆绑或以杀害、伤害、揭发隐私等向威胁。     

甲基苯丙胺对映异构体两种衍生化方法的比较分析

目的建立甲基苯丙胺毒品的对映异构体分析的优化方法。方法按文献方法用（S）-（＋）-a-甲氧基-a-（三氟甲基）苯基乙酰氯（MTPACl）对甲基苯丙胺直接衍生化和在碱性条件下用有机溶剂萃取后再用MTPACl衍生化（对文献方法优化）,分别对其衍生物采用全扫描形式进行GC-MS分析,比较其结果。结果优化方法的检测限低,峰型好,副反应少。文献方法的检测限是0.1ng,优化方法的检测限是0.001 6ng。结论优化方法用于甲基苯丙胺的对映体特征分析,结果更准确,实用性更强。     

混和硅油测定玻璃折射率

目的建立混合硅油测定单纯用B油和C油无法测定的玻璃折射率的方法。方法将B油和C油分别按1:2和2:3的体积比配成两种混合硅油,用此两种混合硅油测定同一块玻璃的折射率。结果用此两种硅油测得的玻璃的折射率结果无显著性差异。该方法克服了玻璃折射率仪温度范围窄(25℃～125℃)的缺点。     

高压静电法显现金属表面汗潜手印

目的建立一种加载高压静电法,提高金属表面手印显现效果。方法利用自行设计的静电加载设备,在常见金属客体表面分别遗留1、3、7、15d的手印,分别用静电加载和普通磁性粉进行显现。结果高压静电法显现金属表面汗潜指印效果均有明显的提高。结论该方法现场操作性强,简便有效。     

微晶荧光乳浊液显现血、汗指纹的研究

目的　显现非渗透性和半渗透性客体上的血指纹、汗潜指纹。方法　应用微晶小颗粒荧光乳浊液显现血、汗指纹。结果　对常见的各种非渗透性和半渗透性客体上的新鲜和陈旧的血、汗指纹均可显出。结论　该方法与传统的物理显现方法相比较在于显出效果基本不受指纹遗留时间和客体的性质及表面颜色的影响 ,并且此方法实用、可靠 ,同时该配方还可用于非渗透性和半渗透性客体上涉油指纹的显现 ,是常见客体上血、汗指纹显现的一个重要突破     

502胶控制湿度贴显法显现皮革面上手印

目的　研究皮革面上汗潜手印的显现。方法　通过对遗留在皮革面不同时间的指印采用常规熏显、自然贴附、控制湿度贴附三种方法进行处理并比较效果。结果　控制湿度贴附显现法在皮革面上显现的成功率高于效果明显常规熏显法和自然贴附法。结论　为皮革面上手印的显现提供了一种新的方法     

烧毁复印纸的提取、显现方法研究

目的建立科学的提取、显现烧毁复印纸的方法。方法制备烧毁复印纸,对比喷雾法、气熏法、涂刷法、水漂法、发胶喷雾法对烧毁复印纸的摊平软化效果;对比夹板固定法和胶带粘取法对烧毁复印纸的固定效果;对比光学检验法、化学显现法对烧毁复印纸文件的显现效果。结果喷雾法摊平软化效果整体上优于其他方法;夹板固定法可适用于大多数烧毁复印纸文件,胶带粘取法适用于打印类复印纸文件;光学检验可以显现出黑笔、蓝笔、红笔、2B铅笔字迹以及指印,化学显现可以更清晰地显现出黑笔、2B铅笔字迹。结论当烧毁复印纸烧毁程度不明确时,摊平软化可选用喷雾法;当烧毁复印纸内容需进一步检验时,固定优选用夹板固定法;显现烧毁复印纸应根据不同显现客体采取合适的方法。     

Excretion of Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol in sweat

The aims of this study were: first, to determine the accuracy of the Cameriere method for assessing chronological age in children based on the relationship between age and measurement of open apices in teeth and, second, to compare the accuracy of this method with the widely used Demirjian et al. method and with the method proposed by Willems et al. Orthopantomographs taken from white Italian, Spain and Croatian children (401 girls, 355 boys) aged between 5 and 15 years were analysed following the Cameriere, Demirjian and Willems methods. The difference between chronological and dental age was calculated for each individual and each method (residual). The accuracy of each method was assessed using the mean of the absolute values of the residuals (mean prediction error). Results showed that the Cameriere method slightly underestimated the real age of children. The median of the residuals was 0.081 years (interquartile range, IQR=0.668 years) for girls and 0.036 years for boys (interquartile range, IQR=0.732 years). The Willems method showed an overestimation of the real age of boys, with a median residual error of -0.247 years and an underestimation of the real age of girls (median residual error=0.073 years). Lastly, the Demirjian method overestimated the real age of both boys and girls, with a median residual error of -0.750 years for girls and -0.611 years for boys. The Cameriere method yielded a mean prediction error of 0.407 years for girls and 0.380 years for boys. Although the accuracy of this method was better for boys than for girls, the difference between the two mean prediction errors was not statistically significant (p=0.19). The Demirjian method was found to overestimate age for both boys and girls but the mean prediction error for girls was significantly greater than that for boys (p=0.024), and was significantly less accurate than the Cameriere method (p<0.001). The Willems method was better than that of Demirjian (p=0.0032), but was significantly less accurate than that of Cameriere (p<0.001).     

常用女性青少年骨龄评定方法的比较

目的 对常用骨龄评定方法进行比较分析,以评价其在判定骨龄精确度、实用性等方面的差别,为法医办案提供参考.方法 选取河南省某县145名女性青少年作为研究对象,拍摄全身左侧六大关节X线片870张.分别采用百分计数法、CHN法、六大关节法、图谱法、叶氏评分法评定145名个体骨龄.采用SPSS ver.11.5软件包进行统计、分析.结果 CHN法、六大关节法、图谱法评定的骨龄与时间年龄无显著性差异(P＞0.05)；百分计数法和叶氏评分法评定的骨龄与时间年龄有显著性差异(P＜0.05).CHN法、六大关节法、图谱法评定的骨龄之间无显著性差异(P＞0.05),百分计数法、叶氏评分法评定的骨龄相互之间及与其他方法之间存在显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论 六大关节法评定女性青少年的骨龄精确度最高,CHN法和图谱法评定我国女性青少年骨龄较实用.     

Validation of image stream hashing: A forensic method for content verification

How do forensic examiners know if they have altered an image stream when converting a digital image from one codec or file container to another for analysis? Forensic standards and best practices recommend avoiding alteration or degradation of multimedia data during transcoding. An image stream hashing method was recently introduced to the forensic science community to answer the question above. This paper offers an initial validation study of image stream hashing method that may answer the question above. The first half of the study's experiments tested the image stream hashing method to measure fitness for use in forensic science while identifying errors and limitations. The study's second phase analyzed the systematic errors detected in initial tests to discover error causation. Causation analysis identified four method limitations subsequently used to develop proposed standard controls of method operations. The final study phase repeated the initial experiments used in the first phase while implementing the proposed standard controls of method operations. Initial test results indicated the method had significant error rates, limiting the effectiveness of the method to only three of the five file types used in the study. The final testing phase revealed that implementing proposed standard controls of method operations reduced the potential systematic errors to a negligible level when using the image stream hashing method for content verification. The validation study concluded that examiners could use the image stream hashing method for forensic science only by implementing error mitigation techniques that utilize the proposed standard controls of method operations.     

A test of the effectiveness of the revised maxillary suture obliteration method in estimating adult age at death

The effectiveness of the original maxillary suture method for estimating age at death, introduced in 1987 by Mann and colleagues, has been tested, but their revised maxillary suture method (1991) has not been subject to similar scrutiny. The purpose of this study is to test the accuracy of the revised maxillary suture method in estimating age at death on a genetically diverse skeletal sample of 155 maxillae (96 males, 59 females, aged 26 to 100 years) of known age at death from the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, South Africa. Results from a prior study of the original maxillary suture method will be compared. With age category correctly estimated for 83% of this sample, the results of this study indicate that the revised method is more effective in estimating age at death than the original method. The revised method appears to perform best for older individuals and tends to underestimate age for individuals of all age groups. The results suggest that the revised method is useful as a method for age estimation when it is used conjunction with other estimators.     

全血中扎来普隆两种萃取方法的比较

目的建立血样中扎来普隆的液液萃取和固相萃取方法。方法液液萃取方法是在碱性条件下用二氯甲烷提取。固相萃取是采用OasisHLB固相萃取柱提取,萃取液均用GC/NPD检验,并对其进行比较。结果血样中扎来普隆固相萃取平均回收率达89%以上,液液萃取平均回收率为84%,GC/NPD最低检出限为2×10-2μg.mL-1。结论两种方法均能满足实际检案的需求,而固相萃取方法在减少仪器损耗和内源性杂质干扰方面具有较大的优势。     

顶空气相色谱法测定生物组织中的一氧化碳

本文主要研究用顼空气相色谱法测定生物检材中的一氧化碳。分析一个样品只需三分钟即可完成。本法不但适用于血样检材,而且适用于生物组织,甚至腐败生物检材,对于血液样品的最小检测量为50μl,变异系数为0.023。本文研究的方法已成功地应用于法庭科学一氧化碳中毒案件的检验。并描述了贮存的方法。