简论“无公认非国家行为体”的形成及其国际承认——以阿布哈兹、南奥塞梯、科索沃和北塞浦路斯为例

欧亚地区存在这样一种实体,它们拥有国家的基本特征,但是没有得到国际承认而无法成为国际法上的国家,作者将其定义为"无公认非国家行为体"。它们在法律上都归属于一个得到国际承认的国家,因外部力量的支持得以存在,而原属国失去了对它们的实际管辖权。本文以阿布哈兹、南奥塞梯、科索沃与北塞浦路斯为例,分析了"无公认非国家行为体"的特征及其形成原因和得到承认的程度差异,指出它们是民族矛盾以及外部势力介入的共同产物,其出现不仅为国际局势增添了不稳定因素,导致自身国际境遇的孤立化和边缘化,更是欧洲一体化的逆过程。由于承认的缺失,无公认非国家行为体的地位会在很长的一段时间内保持下去,但从其内部现状及国际影响来看,这不是一个应该鼓励的现象。     

“国家承认”的性质和作用──试析“国家承认”的“构成说”与“宣告说”

关于“国家承认”的性质和作用，法学界历来就有“构成说”与“宣告说”两种意见。前者主张“国家承认”是新国家取得国际法主体资格的必备条件，后者主张“国家承认”只具备形式上的宣告意义。事实上，“国家承认”就其性质而言是一项法律行为，在新国家取得国际法律地位上具有构成性的重要作用。提倡“构成说”，反对“宣告说”，有利于我国在现实外交斗争中排斥分裂势力，维护祖国统一。     

车臣问题与外部因素

如同苏联解体一样，除了内部原因以外，车臣问题始终有外部因素在其中发挥重要作用。车臣分裂主义是一个客观事实，但是，外部势力企图利用分裂势力，达到自己的政治目的。在车臣危机爆发以来，持续不断的车臣非法武装对俄罗斯的恐怖袭击，在每一个阶段、每一个环节上都有外部势力的背景。     

民族分裂主义及其治理模式研究

具有高度政治分离目标和主权诉求的民族分裂主义是导致国内、国际政治失序和政局动荡的重要因素。由于民族分裂主义不时出现在国际政治的发展进程中,不时搅动或重组原有的政治格局,因而抑制和应对民族分裂主义是必要的多民族国家治理功能。实现有效的民族分裂主义治理应当从分析民族分裂主义的特点和诱发机制起步。发生普遍、目标明确、诱因复杂、认同坚韧是民族分裂主义的特点。利用和强化族性认同、渲染政治主张、通过动员形成集体行动、获取外部支持等环节构成了民族分裂主义行动的诱发机制。因循民族分裂主义生成与发展的机理,从无条件捍卫主权的理路采取的严厉打击模式,从不同程度赋权的理路采取政治容留模式,从消减族性动员的理路采取认同调控模式,从抑制精英力量的理路采取柔性控制模式,从转化政治生态的理路采取外部干预模式,可成为多民族国家治理中的参考。     

论国家承认和政府承认的性质

国际法中承认的主体是国家的政府。国家承认和政府承认具有密切关系，政府承认是核心。“宣告说”与“事实主义”是一致的，“构成说”与“正统主义”是一致的。“宣告说”或“事实主义”较为合理。承认更主要是个政治问题，会引起法律后果     

和平崛起与保障和平--简论中国崛起的战略与策略

和平崛起是中国的战略选择。要达成这一目标,必须实行行之有效的战略、策略,以避免外部强权以战争手段阻止中国崛起和避免卷入外部战争,以及消除民族分裂势力对国家生存的威胁。其中的关键一是坚持以保障和平作为中国外交总目标和中国崛起的归宿与出发点,建立全方位的对外友好合作关系;二是建设强大的国防力量,使强权国家承担不起用战争遏制中国崛起的代价,并威慑台独分裂势力,使其不敢铤而走险走上分裂国家的绝路。     

从软实力的视角看达赖集团、“东突”等分裂势力在境外的存在与应对

达赖集团、"东突"等分裂势力的产生既有其深刻的历史和政治根源,也与国际反华势力长期支持和纵容密切有关。为了能在境外长期苟延残喘,达赖集团、"东突"势力非常注意采用各种"软策略"来加强根基,扩大影响。中国政府在继续运用"硬实力"手段对其进行严厉打击和控制的同时,也应充分重视运用"软实力"的方式来加以有效应对。     

巴基斯坦国内恐怖主义势力的演变、特点及影响分析

"9·11"事件后,美国迅速推翻了阿富汗塔利班政权,大量阿富汗塔利班(后文简称"阿塔")成员逃往巴基斯坦,重建了阿塔组织。另外,巴基斯坦本土仍有四大恐怖主义势力:伊斯兰教派恐怖主义势力、巴基斯坦塔利班(后文简称"巴塔")、反印度恐怖主义势力和民族分裂恐怖主义势力。这五大恐怖主义势力使巴基斯坦深陷恐怖主义漩涡。加之,它们在指导思想、政治目标、组织稳定性上存在差异,致使巴国内恐怖主义问题更加复杂。这不仅威胁巴基斯坦自身及与邻国关系的发展,而且威胁中巴经济走廊的建设乃至南亚地区的安全。     

陈水扁为何不顾美国反对而坚持"入联公投"

陈水扁敢于不顾美国反对而坚持"入联公投",是美国在台海问题上不断对其发出错误的或自相矛盾的信息,对其"台独"言行没有采取实质性的制裁或惩罚措施以及不断加强美台军事关系、提升美台协防能力的结果;其深层次原因则是美国"一中"政策的思想政治基础和法律基础决定的。维护台海局势稳定、遏制台独分裂势力,最根本的还是要靠我们自己的决心和实力。     

论国外仲裁机构在中国裁决的承认与执行

仲裁裁决的承认和执行是国际商事仲裁制度的核心问题。近年来,出现了国外仲裁机 构在我国开庭审理案件的情形,从而引起对此类仲裁裁决性质的争论。由于我国立法的不完善,对 此类裁决的承认和执行存在一些问题。因此有必要明确国外仲裁机构在我国仲裁的法律性质。分 别不同情况,对于国内仲裁裁决有效行使撤销权;对于非内国裁决避免将程序审查变相为实体审 查;赋予外国仲裁机构在我国审理案件时所作临时措施的承认与执行效力。     

Young American China Watchers＇ Views on China

In this paper, the author has made a thorough study over the new generation of American China Watchers. Most of the pages are devoted to a detailed comparison between the old generation and the young generation of American China Watchers regarding to their background, education, and views over China. At the end of the paper, the author also gives some policy suggestions for both the Chinese and U.S. government based on the findings in this study.     

U.S. and East Asian Integration

the U.S. is directly impacting on the future of the East Asian community. Therefore, finding ways to get along with the U.S. is crucial to the speed, direction, configuration and character of the East Asian community. In this paper, the author has analyzed the interests of the United States in East Asia and its stands towards the East Asian integration. The author concludes that it is to the interest of the United States to make more efforts to further join in the East Asian integration. And East Asia should accept and welcome the American participation.     

CAFIU Honorary Vice-President Wang Zhizhen Visited Turkey,Sudan and Attended the Third China-Africa People's Forum

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CAFIU Delegation Visited Sri Lanka and Attended the Third China-Africa People's Forum in Sudan

正At the invitation of Sri Lanka-China Friendship Association(SLCFA)and Sudan Network for National Non-Governmental Organizations,a 5-member delegation led by CAFIU Deputy Secretary-General Liu Kaiyang visited Sri Lanka and attended the Third China-Africa People’s Forum held in Sudan from May 7 to 14,2014.As a member of this delegation,I had the great honor     

South Asian NGO Delegation Visiting China

正At the invitation of the Chinese Association for International Understanding(CAFIU),a 10-member NGO delegation composed of representatives from media,think tanks and NGOs from Bangladesh,India and Sri Lanka visited China from April 9 to 18.On the second day of arrival,the delegation visited Xicheng District Administrative Service Center.The center provides such services as     

Building A Platform for Understanding and Establishing Channels for Cooperation——Notes on the 2014 “Understanding & Cooperation” Dialogue

正From June 16 to 18,the 2014"UnderstandingCooperation"Dialogue and Forum on Rethinking Asia,co-hosted by CAFIU and FES and jointly organized with China Foundation for Peace and Development,was held in Tutzing,a beautiful and spacious manor located at 30km southwest of Munich.Nearly 60 delegates from more than 10Asian and European countries participated in the event,including China,Germany,Korea,Japan,     

The Second Sino-US Maritime Security Workshop Held in CIIS

正On September 25-26,2014,CIIS and Hoover Institution,Stanford University jointly held the Second Sino-US Maritime Security Workshop in Beijing.CIIS President Qu Xing and Abraham Sofall,senior research fellow with the Hoover Institution,codelivered the opening remarks.Representatives from China's Ministry of National Defense,     

俄白哈关税同盟的发展及其影响（英文）

In recent years, the Eurasian Economic Community has developed rapidly. Because of the special relationship between the SCO and the Customs Because Customs Union, the latter will inevitably exert some influence on the development of the former, but they are not fundamentally contradictory. Since the of the establishment of the Customs Union, the trade between China and the Customs Union members grows steadily.     

China's Development:Implications for Asian Economy

正In 2013,under the circumstance of meager recovery and continued sluggish economic growth of the whole world,China’s economy still maintained a growth rate of 7.7 per cent and the economic aggregate jumped onto a new stage-it was predicted that the share of China’s economy in the global aggregate could exceed 12 per cent compared with only 2% in 1980.The status of China as an important global economic power has been entrenched and the rise of the manufacturing     

China's Soft Power

正"Soft Power" is a concept developed by a Harvard University professor Joseph Nye in a 1990 book Bound to Lead:The Changing Nature of American Power to describe the ability to attract and co-opt rather than coerce,get others to want the outcomes you want.