用同步电泳法调查南京地区EsD与PGM_1表型频率

<正> 本文利用混合淀粉凝胶电泳法在一块胶板上同时分析EsD 与PGM_1两种酶型,其操作简单,灵敏度好,分辨力高,图谱清晰。对南京地区汉族献血员477人静脉血EsD、486人PGM_1的表型频率作了调查,检出ESD1-1,2-1,2-2三种常见表型;PGM_1 1-1,2-1,2-2三种常见表型;PGM_1 1-1,2-1,2-2三种常见表型以及稀有表型PGM10-1型。根据表型     

死亡胎儿的PGM_1和EsD检测

PGM_1和EsD是司法鉴定常用的二种个人识别物质,它以酶的多态性及变异表达作为一种遗传标记来解决法医中某些亲权鉴定问题。将此鉴定应用于胎儿的鉴定尚少见报导,本文报导了三例不同情况的胎儿中PGM_1和EsD酸型淀粉—琼脂糖凝胶电泳法的鉴定。     

用同步电泳法检测内蒙地区纯蒙古族人群ESD、GLOI、PGM_1表型分布及基因频率

<正> 作者采用淀粉琼脂糖混合凝胶电泳法,在一块凝胶板上同时分析血液或血痕的ESD、GLOI、PGM_1三种红细胞酶型,并调查了内蒙地区254名无血缘关系的纯蒙古族健康献血员的三种红细胞酶型的表型分布及基因频率。检出ESD、GLOI、PGM_1均有1-1,2-1,2-2三种常见表型,根据表型频率计算出这三种酶型在内     

中国人(辽宁地区)PGM_1亚型的分布及一例PGM_1china罕见型的报导

1964年Spencer, Hopkinson及Harris在用淀粉凝胶电泳对人类红细胞内酶类的研究中首次检测出由PGM_11位点上的两个常见等位基因(PGM_11和PGM_12)所决定的3个常见表现型:PGM_1~1、PGM_1~2及PGM_12—1。后来,不少学者对PGM_1进,行了进一步的研究,相继发现了一些罕见等位     

内蒙古自治区鄂温克族人群PGM_1及EsD基因频率的调查

磷酸葡萄糖变位酶(PGM_1)及酯酶D(EsD)被证明具有遗传多态性以来,国内、外许多学者研究建立了多种检测方法。研究证明PGM_1及EsD均有较好的分布频率,在红细胞中活性较高,在血痕中稳定性较好,所以是个人识别检验中较好的遗     

微量血液及血痕的GPT、PGM1GLOI和EsD四种酶型的同时检出

近年来,国内对EsD、PGM_1、GLOI等酶型的检测已较普遍,GPT也已开始应用.Wraxall黄力力等报导了用琼脂糖和淀粉混合凝胶电泳对EsD,GLOI和PGM_1进行同步检测的方法.本文设计了一种将四种酶型同时检出的方法,现介绍如下:     

血痕中PGM_1亚型的检出及酶谱的保存方法

本文报告用等电聚焦方法,采用拉丁方设计,对血痕保存的温度、布质及含量,以及血痕中 PGM_1亚型检出时间进行了研究。保存在0℃(6个月)、4℃(2个月)、18℃(1个月)及30℃(3周)的6μL 血痕,PGM_1亚型均可检出。血痕的总量对 PGM_1亚型的检出时间也有一定的影响。不同布质对血痕中 PGM_1亚型的检出时间,无明显差异。另外,利用聚脂膜具有亲水膜面的特点,将 PGM_1原始酶谱贴附在聚酯膜上,可长期保存酶谱。     

一次检测微量血痕的种属来源、ABO血型及红细胞酶EsD、PGM_1的表型

本文介绍一种一次检测微量血痕的种属来源、ABO 型、红细胞酶 EsD、PGM_1表型的方法。用盲法共测151份已知血痕种属来源 ABO 血型、EsD 与 PGM_1表型的血痕纤维,均能正确判型、吻合率为100％。     

阴道液与血液中PGM_1亚型、EsD、GLOI表型相关性的研究

本文用等电聚焦电泳法和琼脂糖淀粉混合凝胶电泳法,对阴道液、血液中的PGM_1亚型、EsD、GLOI表型进行了检测。在部分妇女的阴道液中未检出其本人血液中的这些酶型,测出的比例最高的是PGM_1亚型,EsD次之,GLOI最低。凡能显示清晰酶谱带的均与同一妇女血液中的表现型相同,未见不一致的现象。同时初步探讨了月经周期和性刺激对阴道液中PGM_1酶活性的影响。     

精斑中磷酸葡萄糖变位酶(PGM_1)及其亚型的电泳分型

本文用淀粉凝胶电泳法和 PAGIEF 对精斑 PGM_1普通型及亚型进行了检测。169份精液斑的 PGM_1分型结果是:PGM_1 1—1 87例;PGM_1 2—1 66例;PGM_1 2—2 16例,其中31例同一个体红细胞及精液 PGM_1分型的结果完全一致。研究了138例不同精子数精斑的 PGM_1型,发现精子数的多少对分型无影响。亚型检测结果与红细胞一样可分10型。     

红细胞EsD和PGM_1的同步电泳分型及其在上海地区的分布与频率

用 pH7.4的 Tris-马来酸缓冲系统和混合淀粉凝胶同步检测血液及血癌中 EsD 和 PGM_1的表型,获得良好的分型效果。EsD 和 PGM_1的图谱区带平直、狭窄、清晰。各种表型之间差异著,极易区分容易发现稀有表型。我们在上海地区居民中检查了390人的 EsD 表型和724人的 PGM_1表型,其分布与其基因频率详见附表。在检测尸体血及尸体血痕时,发现一例尸体血和一例尸体血痕的 PGM 1活性明显增强,前者尚显现了一条额外的同工酶区带。     

Incestuous paternity detected by STR-typing of chorionic villi isolated from archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded abortion material using laser microdissection

Microscopic examination of a blood clot expelled by a physically and mentally disabled woman taken to the emergency room because of genital bleeding revealed the presence of chorionic villi encircled by decidua, hemorrhage, and necrosis. In order to identify the father of the product of conception, sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded abortion material were subjected to laser microdissection: DNA extraction from chorionic villi selectively isolated from the surrounding tissues allowed successful STR-typing of fetal cells, which was otherwise prevented by excess maternal DNA. The large number of homozygous genotypes in the fetal profile suggested incestuous paternity. Analysis of reference DNA samples from male relatives excluded the woman's father, paternal grandfather, and maternal grandfather, whereas the obligate paternal alleles of the fetus were constantly present in the genotypes of the woman's brother, clearly demonstrating brother-sister incest (probability of paternity > 99.99999%).     

DNA analysis of abortion material assisted by histology screening.

In cases of rape leading to fertilization, paternity testing can retrospectively identify the assailant. Abortion material commonly represents a mixture of maternal and fetal tissue and blood, which cannot be differentiated with the naked eye. Consequently, DNA typing of abortion material may be complicated, including band overlap if maternal tissue predominates. Therefore, histology screening of the abortion content for typical fetal tissue components, such as chorionic villi, followed by selected DNA typing of this sample is suggested. This combined approach is illustrated by a selected case demonstrating the reliability and concurrence of the histology and genetic results.     

Pulmonary embolization by chorionic villi causing maternal death after a car crash

Throughout the last century, there has been a marked decline in obstetric maternal deaths, resulting in an increase in the proportion of nonobstetric deaths among pregnant women. Trauma, in particular, has become a leading cause of maternal death. We report the case of a 20-year-old primigravid woman who was involved in a motor vehicle crash at 36 weeks gestation. The woman developed abruptio placentae, followed by disseminated intravascular coagulation, adult respiratory distress syndrome, and shock, and died the day after the crash. Widespread pulmonary embolization by chorionic villi was identified at autopsy. This report discusses traumatic maternal deaths, with emphasis on the differences in injury pattern observed in pregnant trauma victims in comparison with other adults. It is important that the pathologist be aware of these problems so that an accurate cause of death can be identified in cases of maternal death after trauma. Also discussed is the relationship between trauma and placental abruption and the mechanism of death in the patient. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of extensive embolism of chorionic villi to the lungs after trauma.     

母血浆中胎儿游离核酸与无创性产前亲子鉴定

近年来,涉及胎儿亲权鉴定的案例逐渐增多。传统胎儿产前亲权鉴定常需有创性取样,故存在一定的风险。母血浆中胎儿游离核酸的发现,给无创性产前亲权鉴定带来了新的契机。本文主要就母血浆中胎儿游离核酸及其在无创性产前亲权鉴定中的应用价值和前景进行简要介绍。     

Immunohistochemical determination of maternal and child blood groups (ABO) in mature placental tissue

Using the indirect immunoperoxidase technique (PAP method), ABO characteristics of mother and child were correctly identified in tissue specimens from 10 mature human placentas. In one case, a weak infantile A reaction was overlooked in the agglutination test but correctly identified by immunohistochemistry. In accordance with the weak expression of ABO characteristics in cord blood, immunohistochemical labeling of infantile erythrocytes with monoclonal and human antibodies, as well as Ulex europeaeus agglutinin I (UEA I), was less pronounced than that of mature erythrocytes. Labeling of the chorionic vessel endothelium, in contrast to that of adult endothelial tissue, was negative with anti-A or anti-B but, regardless of the infantile blood group, pronounced with UEA I. Regular identification of the blood groups was possible in decomposed placental tissue stored at room temperature for 1 week, but not in tissue stored for 2 or more weeks.     

DNA fingerprints: the importance in forensic medicine. II. The significance of examining DNA polymorphisms of placental tissues for the purpose of paternity determination during the early stages within the first trimester

Investigation of genomic polymorphisms detected by a minisatellite named tentatively "Myo", which is expected to correspond to the minisatellite in human myoglobin gene of Jeffreys et al., gives distinct and different aspects of chorionic villus and the decidual membrane in the same placenta. The chorionic villus, which is regarded as the extraembryonal tissue, represents the essential embryonal DNA fingerprint pattern, while the decidual membrane reveals the maternal one. A comparison between the DNA fingerprints from the chorion villus and from the blood sample of the suspected father provides the possibility of setting a paternity determination which can be achieved during the first trimester of a pregnancy.     

Forensic determination of pregnancy hormones in human bloodstains.

When different bloodstains are encountered at the scene of crime, it is possible to discriminate those from a pregnant woman from others. Human chorionic gonadotrophin, human placental lactogen, total oestriol and progesterone in the stains may be determined with radioimmunoassay techniques using commercial kits. Only 1 cm2 of bloodstain is needed for the determination of all four parameters, which gives information about the state of pregnancy. More than 100 stains of blood from women in all stages of pregnancy, normal menstruating women, menopausal and post-menopausal women and male subjects, and of menstrual blood were analysed. Bloodstains from pregnant women were easy to evaluate with the four determinations, only very early pregnancies being undetected. Stains from non-pregnant women were negative or below the cut-off level. Two case examples are also described.