用dHPLC技术检测线粒体DNA编码区单核苷酸多态性

目的研究线粒体DNA(m tDNA)编码区单核苷酸多态性,建立检测m tDNA编码区单核苷酸多态性(SNP)的变性高效液相色谱(dHPLC)方法。方法设计针对线粒体DNA编码区nt10287-10679及nt8507-8805引物,应用dHPLC技术检测其序列多态性。结果100例中国汉族无关个体中,m tDNA nt10287-10679检出13个SNP位点,13种单倍型,基因多样性(H)为70.79%,偶合概率(P)为29.92%;m tDNA nt8507-8805检出10个SNP位点,12种单倍型,H为70.42%,P为30.28%;两段序列联合起来共检出23个SNP位点,23种单倍型,H为84.14%,P为16.70%。结论所建立的dHPLC方法可用于快速、准确地检测m tDNA编码区序列多态性;m tDNA编码区多态性位点作为m tDNA控制区多态性位点的补充,联合应用可以提高m tDNA的个体识别能力。     

线粒体高变区多聚C-stretch序列长度多态性

目的研究线粒体高变区多聚C-stretch序列长度多态性,并探讨其在法医学个体识别中的价值。方法针对线粒体高变区nt16180及nt310两个位点采用文献报道引物,应用直接测序技术研究其等位基因分布及频率。结果两对引物扩增长度分别为807bp和962bp,nt16180位点检测到7种基因型,其中AAAACCCCCTCCCC基因型占87.72%,AAAACCCCCCCCCCCCC基因型在汉族人群中首次报道;nt310检测到7种基因型,其中CCCCCCCCTCCCCCC基因型占60.53%;联合两个位点共检测出15种单倍型,GD值为0.6309,其中AAAACCCCCTCCCC-CCCCCCCCTCCCCCC检测出66条,达到57.89%。结论为线粒体控制区DNA在法医学领域中的应用提供基础数据,证实了线粒体nt16180位点和nt310位点单倍型在线粒体DNA鉴定中有较好的应用价值。     

中国朝鲜族线粒体DNA编码区序列多态性

目的调查中国朝鲜族群体线粒体DNA（mtDNA）编码区内5个部位 3954～4506nt、5218～5974nt、7942～871Int、10296～10653nt 及14496～14867nt的序列多态性。方法采用PCR产物直接测序方法,对212名中国朝鲜族（吉林省延边地区）无关个体进行序列多态性变化和单倍型分布调查。结果在212名无关个体中,共分出148种单倍型。遗传变异度为0．9931,耦合概率为0．0116。测序结果与Anderson标准序列比较,共检测出109个变异位点,其中79个已收录于MITOMAP。结论mtDNA编码区多态性联合应用可以提高mtDNA的个体识别能力。町为相关遗传学研究提供基础数据资料。     

mtDNA异质性及其法医学应用

线粒体DNA（mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA）是惟一的细胞核外DNA.人类mtDNA为一裸露的环状双链结构,长16569 bp,由富含嘌呤的重链（H链）和富含嘧啶的轻链（L链）组成.mtDNA编码区的序列相对保守,其非编码区长1122bp,又称为控制区.控制区的碱基变异相对集中分布在15996～16401nt和29～408nt两个区段,分别称为HV Ⅰ和HVⅡ.后来,Lutz等发现在438～574nt间也存在较多的碱基变异,称为HVⅢ.mtDNA呈母系遗传特征,加之其拷贝数多、突变率高、抗腐败能力强,具有极高的法医学应用价值.     

线粒体DNA nt8584、nt8701单核苷酸多态性研究

目的建立一种快速、准确的线粒体DNA单核苷酸多态性位点检测方法。方法收集62份无关个体血液样本,应用荧光定量PCR技术研究线粒体DNA nt8584、nt8701位点在中国汉族人群中的多态性。结果 nt8584位点检测到10例nt8584A、52例nt8584G,nt8584A/G变异频率为16∶84;nt8701位点检测到27例nt8701A、35例nt8701G,nt8701A/G变异频率为44∶56。结论所建立的荧光定量PCR方法分型准确、耗时短,适用于法医DNA检验。     

mtDNA异质性及其法医学应用

线粒体DNA(mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA)是惟一的细胞核外DNA。人类mtDNA为一裸露的环状双链结构,长16569bp,由富含嘌呤的重链(H链)和富含嘧啶的轻链(L链)组成。mtDNA编码区的序列相对保守,其非编码区长1122bp,又称为控制区。控制区的碱基变异相对集中分布在15996～16401nt和29～4     

中国广东汉族群体mtDNA控制区的多态性

目的 探讨线粒体DNA控制区(包括HVⅠ区、HVⅡ区和HVⅢ区)的多态性。方法 采用PCR扩增和末端标记荧光循环测序的方法，对100名广东汉族无关个体进行了序列分析。结果 共观察到147个变异位点，序列变异包括了碱基转换、颠换、插入、缺失等各种类型。其中在HV Ⅰ区(nt16，024～nt16，365)内观察到88个变异位点，91种单倍型，基因多样度为0.9964；在HVⅡ区(nt73～nt340)观察到42个变异位点，67种单倍型，基因多样度为0.9861；在HVⅢ区(nt438～nt574)观察到9个变异位点，15种单倍型，基因多样度为0.8760。联合3个高变区域的序列，可观察到98种单倍型，基因多样度为0.9996。结论 本研究为线粒体DNA在法庭科学中的应用提供了较系统的实验依据。结果还表明，对于mtDNA等单倍型遗传标记，增加其检测范围，可提高该系统的个体识别能力，使其在法庭科学领域充分发挥作用。     

用ESI-TOF-MS分型技术检测线粒体DNA高变区碱基组成的多态性

目的 用ESI-TOF-MS分型技术检测线粒体DNA的D环高变区,通过碱基组成分析其多态性.方法 在PLEX-ID技术平台上,分别对mtDNA高变区1(HVⅠ,15924-16428nt)和mtDNA高变区Ⅱ(HVⅡ,31-576 nt)进行碱基组成分析,考察mtDNA在华东汉族人群的多态性,并将该技术应用于一例特殊的亲子鉴定案件.结果 用ESI-TOF-MS分型技术检测线粒体DNA,在高变区Ⅰ的8个区段检见碱基组成的多态性,在mtDNA高变区Ⅱ的10个区段检见多态性.在所应用的亲子鉴定案例中,线粒体DNA标记成了常染色体STR基因座的重要补充,经高变区Ⅰ和高变区Ⅱ的碱基组成检测,最后排除了非母.结论 ESI-TOF-MS检测mtDNA的技术具有良好的应用前景,在一些特殊的案件中,该法可为最终获得可靠鉴定结论提供技术支撑.     

广州地区汉族群体mtDNA HV I区多态性

<正> 人类线粒体DNA(mtDNA)是一个闭合的、环状的双链DNA分子,大小为16569 bp,包含一个约1.1 kb长的非编码区(noncoding region)。由于其具较高的复制错误率和较低的修复能力,mtDNA分子,特别是在非编码区具有较高的多态性。mtDNA分子具有母系遗传、高拷贝数(1000～10000个拷贝/细胞)[1]等特点,非编码区的两个高度变异的区域HVRⅠ(hypervariable regionⅠ)和HVRⅡ(hypervari—able regionⅡ)已作为法医学个体识别非常有用的遗     

武汉地区汉族人群线粒体DNA Region V区9bp片段缺失多态性

目的 研究武汉地区汉族群体线粒体DNA RegionV区9bp片段缺失多态性.方法 PCR扩增后采用银染技术分离片段,检测武汉地区汉族群体线粒体DNA RegionV区9bp片段缺失的频率.结果 在武汉地区汉族239个无关个体中发现标准型、缺失型两种多态类型,9bp片段缺失频率为17.15％.结论 武汉地区汉族群体在DNA RegionV区9bp片段存在缺失多态性.     

Development of Multiple Assays using 46 SNPs for Comprehensive mtDNA Haplogrouping and Application to Highly Degraded DNA

Six multiplex PCR systems using single‐base extension reactions to analyze 46 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)‐coding region single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that define 42 haplogroups, that is, 24 major mtDNA haplogroups and 18 subclades, were devised. To improve the usefulness of the established systems for the analysis of degraded DNA samples, novel primers to render amplicons with sizes <150 bp were designed. By applying these systems to 214 Japanese individuals, 24 different haplogroups (power of discrimination = 93.4%) were found. To assess the effectiveness of our systems in grouping degraded DNA, an ancient bone sample of a Jomon skeleton was analyzed and then classified as haplogroup N9b. We conclude that the present systems are powerful screening tools for major haplogroups of mtDNA in addition to the prevalent subhaplogroups in the Japanese population and that these systems are capable of analyzing highly degraded DNA samples in forensic studies.     

A DNA microarray system for forensic SNP analysis

Forensic DNA analysis is routinely performed using polymorphic short tandem repeat (STR) markers. However, for degraded or minute DNA samples, analysis of autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in short fragments might be more successful. Furthermore, sequencing of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is often performed on highly degraded or scarce samples due to the high copy number of mtDNA in each cell. Due to the increasing number of complete mtDNA genome sequences available, the limited discrimination power of an mtDNA analysis, may be increased by analysis of coding region polymorphisms in addition to the non-coding variation. Since sequence analysis of the coding region would require more material than generally present in forensic samples, an alternative SNP analysis approach is required. We have developed a one-colour microarray-based SNP detection system for limited forensic materials. The method is based on minisequencing in solution prior to hybridisation to universal tag-arrays. In a first outline of a forensic chip, a combination of 12 nuclear and 21 mitochondrial SNP markers are analysed simultaneously. The mitochondrial markers on the chip are polymorphisms within the hypervariable region as well as in the coding region. Even though the number of markers in the current system is limited, it can easily be extended to yield a greater power of discrimination. When fully developed, microarray analysis provides a promising system for efficient sensitive SNP analysis of forensic samples in the future.     

Sequence polymorphism in the coding region of mitochondrial genome encompassing position 8389-8865

Analysis of the polymorphic sequences in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been widely applied to forensic tests and anthropology studies. However, these polymorphic data in human have thus far been derived from the displacement-loop and intergenic regions only. Here, we report the identification of clustered polymorphic sites in the mitochondria coding region encompassing position 8389-8865. The DNA sequences of 119 unrelated Chinese were determined by PCR amplification and direct sequencing. The results showed that heteroplasmy was found in five individuals, 39 sites were noted in this 477 bp region, and 41 haplotypes were identified. The probability of identity and allelic diversity were estimated as 0.1265 and 0.8809, respectively. The results suggest that sequence polymorphism from position 8389-8865 in human mtDNA can be used as a marker for identity investigation.     

用PCR和ESI-TOF-MS技术检测线粒体DNA的异质性

目的用PCR和ESI-TOF-MS分型技术检测线粒体DNA（mtDNA）D环高变区,通过碱基组成分析mtDNA的异质性。方法从华东汉族群体选取12名无关个体,用PLEX-ID平台进行mtDNA分型。该平台使用12对引物,对mtDNA高变区1（HVⅠ,引物所跨区域为15893~16451）进行碱基组成分析;使用另外12对引物,对mtDNA高变区2（HVⅡ,引物所跨区域为5~603）进行碱基组成分析,考察mtDNA异质性频率。结果 mtDNA多态性区域的碱基组成信息反映出区段内有无异质性。在高变区Ⅰ的12个区段中,有3个区段表现出多聚C长度异质性：在mtDNA高变区Ⅱ（31~576）的12个区段中,有3个区段检见点异质性,另外5个区域检见Poly C长度异质性。结论群体调查表明,mtDNA的序列异质性多见于高变区Ⅱ的103~267区段,多聚C长度异质性多见于高变区Ⅰ的16124~16201、16157~16201、16182~16250区段和高变区Ⅱ的234~367、431~576区段。将mtDNA标记用于母系关系检验和（或）个体识别时,需要格外留意这些异质性信息,以免结论错误。     

Sequence polymorphism in the coding region of mitochondrial genome encompassing position 8389–8865

Analysis of the polymorphic sequences in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been widely applied to forensic tests and anthropology studies. However, these polymorphic data in human have thus far been derived from the displacement-loop and intergenic regions only. Here, we report the identification of clustered polymorphic sites in the mitochondria coding region encompassing position 8389–8865. The DNA sequences of 119 unrelated Chinese were determined by PCR amplification and direct sequencing. The results showed that heteroplasmy was found in five individuals, 39 sites were noted in this 477 bp region, and 41 haplotypes were identified. The probability of identity and allelic diversity were estimated as 0.1265 and 0.8809, respectively. The results suggest that sequence polymorphism from position 8389–8865 in human mtDNA can be used as a marker for identity investigation.