What Makes America？--On Turner＇s Theory of Frontier

Frederick Jackson Turner argues in his ＂Frontier Thesis＂ that American democracy and individualism are shaped by adaptation to the environment and the exploitation of the frontier. The westward advance explains the development of America and the evolution of its national character. However, the weakness of his theory is that he does not define the nature of the frontier, or the exploitation of that frontier as a process. Although scholars and Presidents tend to proclaim the unique and exceptional traits of America, the rudiments of democracy originate from Europe. The Puritans in New England brought with them the idea of liberty and mission; the gentlemen of the Old South embodied the features of dignity, gallantry and hospitality; slave culture displayed a sense of humor and the pursuit of freedom and equality. All of these elements molded the colorful national character and culture of the United States of America.     

Has Latin America Become China＇s Backyard？

＂Latin America has become China＇s backyard＂ was a new idea espoused recently by Mr. Tim Johnson, a correspondent of the United States. This concept at once became a central topic of interest for the American press, Chinese newspapers as well as the international media. Has Latin America become China＇s backyard？ Is there any ground for skepticism about the China-Latin America relationship？ Does China have the intention or capacity to challenge the U.S. dominance in the Western Hemisphere？ How should China interact with the U.S. in that region？ These are the fresh issues that require removal of misunderstanding between China and the U.S.     

Sino-American-Russian Triangle at the Turn of the Century

On the verge of the new century, the renewed triangular relations between China, the United States and Russia are of significance to the international relations as the world's three big powers have readjusted their ties in recent years.rather long time to come, the state that the United States is strong, Russia re-mains weak, and China is rising will remain unchanged by and large, and so willthe triangle. Readjustments of the Triangle Since the end of the Kosovo war, China, America and Russia, with differentstrategic considerations in mind, have stepped up restoration of mutual relations     

The Development Trend in China’ s Surrounding Areas

China’s surrounding areas are in a special transition period necessitated by China’s peaceful rise and the adjustment of its Asian strategy.In2014,these neighboring areas inherited the development trend of the previous three years,coaxing out changes that we are beginning to see.Changes in world economic growth,America’s rebalancing strategy,and alterations in Sino-Japanese relations are direct results of China’s rise,and other development trends are in the offing.The high-speed growth stage for Asian emerging economies has come to an end.Moderate growth in parallel with reform is the new norm in Asian economy.Due to the collective slowing of emerging economies,     

China＇s Think Tanks in Global Transition

With China now the world＇s second-largest economy,the status and role of China＇s think tanks have become an increasing concem.On the whole,the international status of China＇ s think tanks is not commensurate with the country＇ s current international status.The University of Pennsylvania＇ s The Global Go To Think Tanks Report published in 2014 said that as of August 2013,China had 426 think tanks,second only to the U.S.with 1,828.But of the top 100 non-U.S.think tanks in the world only 5 are Chinese,and in the 150 most influential global think tanks,only 6 are from China—with the rest mostly from Europe.China＇ s think tanks lack professionalism and influence.1 This is why China has been pushing to improve its think tanks internationally.In April 2013,President Xi Jinping proposed building a ＂new think tank with Chinese characteristics＂.     

Bridging East and West: New Frontiers for Reading East Asian Languages

Over the previous four decades a steadily growing thirst for news and information from East Asia,and China in particular,has been growing around the world.People want to understand China,a country that is rising rapidly but is greatly misunderstood despite the growing numbers of people learning the Chinese language and ideas that have been popularized such as Chimerica (China+America).Interest in China has been impeded by the Great Wall of indecipherable Chinese characters.No wonder so many people say that Chinese is "damn hard" to learn!     

Problems Facing China＇s ＂Going Out＂

The risks facing Chinese investors overseas vary according to the field of investment and the country of investment. There are six key problems which spring to mind when this topic is brought up:First, there is the type of investor who does not have a basic knowledge about the countries he is planning to invest in. China opened itself long ago to the outside world, but it is na?ve to think that other countries will do the same. The U.S. is a good example. It is very hard for     

International System and China＇s Asia-Pacific Strategy

What impact does a shift in the global distribution of power have on the international order？ According to the views of traditional realists, power transitions in the international order are usually accompanied by major wars, the best example being the two world wars of the twentieth century. China＇s peaceful rise is conducive to the peace and stability of Asia and Pacific regions. The steady rise of China＇s position and its role in dealing with international and regional problems have proved China＇s success in ＂cooperative security＂. This paper analyzes the security order in the Asia-Pacific region1 that China wants to construct to provide important guarantees to its peaceful rise. Firstly, I review and compare key arguments about the transition of international systems and China＇s Asia-Pacific strategy, Secondly, I investigate the dynamics between China＇s peaceful rise and the ＂cooperative security＂ which I think are the collective embodiments of modem transformation and the restructuring of China＇s traditional strategic culture. Thirdly, I examine how to construct a mechanism of cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region to guarantee China＇s peaceful rise on both political and economic levels. Economic cooperation and free trade in Asia-Pacific region is an important route to regional economic integrity which will guarantee China＇s role in maintaining the political and economic security in the region.     

Characteristics of ＂East Turkistan＂ Terrorism and Future Prospects

The continuing threat of terrorism around the world has intensified interest in the perpetrators＇ characteristics to see whether a profile or type can be drawn from individual majority of today＇s terrorists features. Research has shown that a are young-to-middle-aged, male, psychological immature, insufficiently educated, and have a family of origin in which a religious atmosphere prevails. If motivations are studied, the studies find that individuals who commit extremist or violent terrorist acts are dissatisfied with the current situation but also convinced it can be successfully altered through their personal capability. Besides these factors of age, gender, education, and religion, a mastery of computers and the internet has been found to be a basic feature common to modern terrorists.1 The ＂East Turkistan＂ terrorists who instigated terrorist activities in recent years in Xinjiang and inland China closely resemble those of their international contemporaries. With access to the three sets of reports from the Ministry of Public Security of China and information from cases tried by national courts in 2013, this article analyzes the relationship between common individual features and terrorist activities, and estimates developments of ＂East Turkistan＂ terrorism.     

Huge Task to Improve Japanese Public＇ s Dim View of China

after Shinzo Abe became Japanese prime minister again, the nation -adopted a much tougher China policy. While Abe has continued hispredecessor＇s aim of trying to contain China, he has also injected confrontation into ties. Particularly when Sino-Japanese relations are at a deadlock because of territorial disputes, and despite opposition from various parties, Abe has visited the Yasukuni Shrine. Although this provocative act is the consequence of many factors, both domestic and foreign, one that cannot be ignored is the Japanese public＇s hostile view of China     

U.S.-China-Japan Relations and China＇ s Strategic Choices

japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe＇s visit to the Yasukuni Shrine has escalated tensions between China and Japan that were triggered by the Diaoyu Islands dispute. Changes in the balance of power between China and Japan have caused concerns and strategic restlessness in Japan. Because of public opinion and his party＇s control of the House of Representatives and Senate, Abe is now eager to further his aims both domestically and overseas. That is why he said： ＂Now is the time for Japan to take the big step in building a new state.＂ The U.S. supports a stronger Japan because it is looking to maintain the strategic balance in the Asia-Pacific region. Its Asia-Pacific Rebalancing strategy is bound to inflame Japan＇s ambitions. In fact, Japan has been actively pursuing stronger ties with the U.S. and became more aggressive over the Diaoyu Islands issue.     

The Time and Space of IR Theory

Contrary to the common belief that IR theory is static and unique, the author thinks that IR theory is organic and can grow, a phenomenon the author calls the ＂time dimension.＂ As IR theories are adopted according to the unique conditions of each country, IR theory ought to be considered a cluster of theories rather than a single theory： this the author calls the ＂space dimension.＂ Based on these thoughts, the author gives his view on what theory works best for China.     

Returning to the Original Point of Normalization of China-Japan Relations and Renewing Peaceful and Friendly Relations between Governments

正Japan and China are neighbors that cannot move away from each other.Thus,it’s quite natural that there are quarrels between them because we are so close to each other.There is no other option between Japan and China except peace and friendship.On the occasion of the 3rd Anniversary of the normalization of Japan-China diplomatic relations on September 29,1975,in order to solidify the     

Business as Usual

In the years since 9/11, there is no doubt that the emphasis of U.S. global strategy has been on counter-terrorism and the war in Iraq. During this period of time, the U.S. investment in strategic, political and military resources in the Middle East, Iraq, and the war on terror, which are the top priorities on the list of Bush＇s foreign policy, has been far greater than in any other fields. However, there are some in the U.S. who believe that China＇s rise has been much ignored by the U.S., due to the global war on terror （GWOT）, and that America should, in fact, be focusing more on China, not the Middle East. However, as we see it, China has by no means been ignored by the U.S., neither has China＇s rise been the result of U.S. ignorance.     

Japan＇ s National Strategy and China＇ s Strategy towards Japan

former Japanese Prime Minister Yasuhiro Nakasone once said that ＂Japan was a country without strategies.＂ This is not entirely true.Japan has had many definite and stubborn national strategies in the various periods of its history. For instance, Japan launched the war of aggression against foreign countries, occupied China, and attacked America. Japan also has a clear present national strategy to revive Japan under the leadership of Shinzo Abe.     

从台湾大选看美国对台海两岸的“双遏阻”政策

Chen Shui-bian speeds up “Taiwan Independence” in order to gain reelection in the 2004 Taiwan Referendum. Tne US government has realized that its “Ambiguous Strategy” can not prevent Cross-straits crisis, so the “Double Containment” policy towards the cross-Straits has been adopted. On one hand, to slow down Taiwan‘ s unceasing pursuit of independence , on the other hand, to prevent mainland from solving Taiwan problem in pursuit of arms. This article is the analysis ofthe cause and details of the “Double Containnent” policy and it claims that the US government will carry out this policy permanently as well as maintain the situation of the cross - straits separation and independent governing in order to pursue the utmost strategic benefits. Taiwan problem is increasing Americanized. The US plays an extremely important view in the China, America and Taiwan interaction. However, the Mainland of China must not have any illusion about America as far as the unification is concerned.     

Getting China Right： The Chinese World Order and Asia-Pacific Regional Integration

Is a rising China good for the stability and integration of the Asia-Pacific region？ The dominant point of view in the Western world is a resounding no. However, that realist point of view, based on the very different experiences of Europe, is not appropriate in the Asia-Pacific context. Area studies are a useful tool to achieve a better understanding of the Asia-Pacific situation. This paper attempts to prove that a rising China will be good for the stability and integration of the Asia-Pacific region through the lens of historical, economic and security analyses. First, history shows that once China is strong and stable, order of the Asia-Pacific region is preserved. Second, with China＇s economic cooperation with neighboring countries, especially after its entry into the World Trade Organization （WTO）, China＇s economic integration with the Asia-Pacific region has been enhanced. Third, regional security has been assured by a peaceful and strong China. Finally, the paper comes to the conclusion that a stable and strong China is beneficial for the overall stability and integration of the Asia-Pacific region.     

Scientific Outlook on Development and China＇s Foreign Policy

More than half a century has passed since the founding of the People＇s Republic of China. There have been successes as well as failures in China＇s policies and practices at home and abroad. The failures are stepping stones for success; lessons drawn from errors lead to truth. Chinese leader Hu Jintao recently spoke about ＂Scientific Outlook on Development, ＂＇ a summary of past history and an important guiding principle for China＇s economic and social development both now and in future. The authors believe that this is a major development in China＇s strategic thinking following Deng Xiaoping＇s ＂Reform and Opening Up＂ and Jiang Zemin＇s ＂Three Representatives＂ and that it should be upheld and applied to foreign policy decision making.     

Possible Prospect for a Marked Development of Sino-American Relations

The words and deeds of the U.S. government vis-à-vis China since 2006 indicate that the United States has notably enhanced its recognition on the importance of China to the world as well as to America itself. It seems that the United States begins to consider and inclines to accept or to some extent reluctantly accommodate     

Scientific Outlook on Development and the Question of Peaceful Development

In his Report to the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China （CPC） , Hu Jintao, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPC, pointed out that, ＂All Party members must fully understand the content and grasp the essence of the Scientific Outlook on Development, be more conscious and determined in applying it, change notions that are not in line with it, work hard to solve major problems that affect or constrain scientific development, direct the whole society＇s enthusiasm for development to scientific development, and apply this outlook to every aspect of economic and social development.＂ That means that the scientific outlook on Development is of universally great significance. It is scientific Outlook on Development when we are making a study on the question equally important to carry out of peaceful development