西方学人对古典民主理论的几点反思及其借鉴作用

西方自由主义理论大师及精英民主理论和多元民主理论家们通过对古典民主理论的反思认为,"人民当家作主"的民主理论只解决了由"谁"行使权力而没有解决行使权力的制约问题,民主要有效运行必须内在包含着权力制约的理论,而对权力的制约不仅仅是以权力制约权力,更重要的是对权力资源转化为法律层面的各种权利规定,以划定民主政府权力运行的边界,以权利制约权力.通过法律授权给各种社团组织,使其成为社会制衡力量,以社会制约权力,否则,民主要么是有名无实,要么就蜕变为自己的对立面——专制,这些观点对我国民主政治建设都具有十分重要的借鉴作用.     

地方政府官员晋升与土地财政——基于中国地市级面板数据的实证分析

土地财政是当前政府管理中的热点问题,然而学界对于土地财政的动因和引发根源尚未有一致结论。基于晋升锦标赛理论,采用2003—2008年中国257个地级市政府的非平衡面板数据,从地方政府官员晋升竞争角度出发,分析了官员晋升竞争对土地财政的影响。发现,地方政府官员晋升竞争是引发土地财政的根本原因,且这一发现具有较好稳健性,官员任期与土地财政之间存在显著的倒U型关系,官员晋升竞争对土地财政的影响是因条件而异的,行政首长面对晋升竞争时更倾向于土地财政;相较东中部地区,西部地区官员在面对晋升竞争时更倾向于土地财政。由此得出,缓解土地财政问题的关键在于变革官员晋升模式,创新干部考核评价体系,以及延长和稳定官员任期是未来可能的改革路径。本文的发现对进一步理解我国官员治理模式,以及有效缓解土地财政问题具有重要的现实意义。     

剽窃、学术规范与版权侵权

人们通常认为,剽窃天然就不是好的东西。笔者将从静态的观点来考察剽窃这一概念,以及从动态的观点来重新考察与剽窃有关的“独创性”的概念是如何逐步形成的;从而部分澄清这种误解。另外,笔者还将从与剽窃紧密相关的“引证”这一技术性手段来功能性地讨论学术规范的作用,以及从制度比较的视角,对两种不同的解决剽窃的方式,即诉诸学术规范和司法诉讼进行论证。     

从《南部档案》看清代县审民事诉讼大样侧重于户婚案件的考察

近三十年来,学界对中国传统司法中州县官判案依据有持续的论争,而背后的问题意识却值得反思。从档案出发可以看出清代州县官审理民事案件有其基本的思路,主要表现在:凡民间调解系统或两造言明已经将纠纷调明,衙门一般不再干预与追究;在诉讼过程中,只要民间组织申请销案,一般皆准;将一些诉讼判归家族或乡保调解;往往会忽略两造所述情节,也不一定核实案情;摆明事理,平衡双方利益,试图达到两造"双赢"的结局;对明显危及社会秩序的"刁讼"、"缠讼"行为,衙门予以责处;尊重地方风俗习惯;对部分案件也会参引法律,甚至会直接引用律例。县审民事诉讼的这些思路也多与传统法律文化精神相吻合。之所以如此,实由多种因素综合作用使然。如果认为衙门主要是依法断案,还有诸多问题有待进一步论证。     

Preferences for Police Response to Domestic Violence: A Comparison of College Students in Three Chinese Societies

While a large amount of research has been conducted in the West on domestic violence related issues, only a small number of studies have focused specifically on Chinese societies. Using survey data collected from Beijing, Hong Kong, and Taipei, this study compares college students’ preferences for traditional and proactive police intervention into domestic violence and assesses the determinants of such preferences in the three Chinese societies. The findings indicate that Hong Kong students showed the highest level of support for traditional police response, followed by students in Beijing and Taipei, while students in Taipei displayed the strongest preference for proactive police response, followed by students in Hong Kong and Beijing. College students’ preferences for traditional police response were shaped mainly by their locality, whereas their preferences for proactive police intervention were influenced chiefly by their attitudes toward violence and gender roles. Directions for future research are discussed.     

Correlates of handgun carrying among adolescents in the United States

Weapon-related violence, especially the use of handguns, among adolescents is a serious public health concern. Using public-use data file from the adolescent sample (N = 17,842) in the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), this study examines the behavioral, parental involvement, and prevention correlates of handgun carrying. Overall, 3.1% of adolescents between the ages of 12 and 17 reported carrying a handgun in the past year. Results from a series of logistic regression models indicated that males, selling and using illicit drugs, were robustly associated with an increased probability of handgun carrying among adolescents. Furthermore, youth who carry handguns were significantly less likely to report a parent being involved in their lives and were significantly more likely to have encountered violence and drug prevention programming compared with youth who did not carry handguns. Implications of these results for prevention and policy are discussed.     

中国汉族人群17个Y-STR基因座突变情况分析

目的 调查分析17个Y-STR基因座等位基因突变的情况.方法 收集中国汉族人群867对父子共1 649份男性血样本.采用YfilerTM复合扩增试剂盒进行17个Y-STR基因座分型,共检测出14 739次等位基因传递,统计各基因座发生等位基因突变的频率.结果 在17个基因座中发现涉及13个基因座共41次突变,其中一步突变40次(97.6％),两步突变1次(2.4％);突变共涉及40对父子,其中39对仅1个基因座发生突变(97.5％),1对同时有2个基因座发生突变(2.5％);平均突变率为2.8×10-3(95％CI 2.0～3.8×10-3).等位基因突变时获得重复单位数19次,丢失重复单位数22次,两者比例接近.结论 中国汉族人群Y-STR基因座突变可涉及多数基因座,突变率在2.8×10-3左右,在数据库的建立与应用中应重视,注意采用相关方法进行甄别.     

EU–China Competition Dialogue: A New Step in the Internationalisation of EU Competition Law?

EU has been the protagonist in promoting the internationalization of competition laws based on EU competition law norms. The development of China's Antimonopoly Law shows that EU has succeeded so far in establishing itself as the main reference point for China's competition regulation. The success can be mainly attributed to the EU‐China Competition Dialogue (Dialogue), a new initiative set up by EU and China in 2004. The paper reviews the internationalization of EU competition law and its characteristics. It then examines the Dialogue and how EU exported its competition law norms to one of the latest AML secondary legislations on Antimonopoly Pricing. It argues that the Dialogue's informal nature, EU's routinized technical assistance to Chinese competition authorities and its China‐oriented strategy in communication have been highly important in ensuring that the EU Competition Law becomes the main reference point for the AML. However, the paper argues that it is for the same reasons that EU faces weakness in controlling the reception of EU competition law norms by China. Based on this, the paper further illustrates that EU's understanding of competition law internationalization as reflected under the Dialogue has not undergone fundamental changes.     

印度尼西亚英语中的语言迁移现象

英语是印度尼西亚的第二语言,本文尝试从语言迁移的角度分析以印度尼西亚语为母语的英语学习者的语言特点以及他们在使用英语时易犯的错误,以期能在一定程度上预见错误以实现更好的交流。