Is a Federal European Constitution for an Enlarged European Union Necessary? Some Preliminary Suggestions using Public Choice Analysis

In order to guarantee a further successful functioning of the enlarged European Union a Federal European Constitution is proposed. Six basic elements of a future European federal constitution are developed: the European commission should be turned into a European government and the European legislation should consist of a two chamber system with full responsibility over all federal items. Three further key elements are the subsidiarity principle, federalism and the secession right, which are best suited to limiting the domain of the central European authority to which certain tasks are given, such as defense, foreign and environmental policy. Another important feature is direct democracy, which provides the possibility for European voters to participate actively in political decision making, to break political and interest group cartels, and to prevent an unwanted shifting of responsibilities from EU member states to the European federal level.     

Validation studies of the ParaDNA® Intelligence System with artificial evidence items

Short tandem repeat (STR) profiling is one of the mostly used systems for forensic applications. In certain circumstances, STR profiling is time-consuming and costly, which potentially leads to delays in criminal investigations. LGC (Laboratory of the Government Chemist, UK) Forensics has developed a robust STR profiling platform called the ParaDNA^® Intelligence Test System which can provide early tactical intelligence and aid investigators in making informed decisions on sample prioritization for detection. Here, we validated the ParaDNA intelligence test for its application in forensic cases using a range of mock evidence items following guidelines set by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM). Specifically, we tested the sensitivity and accuracy of the ParaDNA intelligence test, as well as the success rates for detecting mock samples and for use in case scenarios. Our findings demonstrate that the ParaDNA intelligence test generates useful DNA profiles, especially for samples such as blood, saliva, and semen that contain ample DNA, indicating the benefits of including ParaDNA as a prior step in forensic STR profiling pipelines.     

绩效问责与乡镇政府回应行为——基于Y乡案例的分析

以Y乡为案例,从问责的主客体关系、问责机制的定位与内容、问责机制的流程与方式等方面对绩效问责机制的分析表明,目标责任制这种绩效问责机制并不具备较高的问责质量;正式的问责机制会导致乡镇政府从事于非正式行为,而问责客体特征则可能是解释其正式行为的主要因素。     

The Electoral Cycle and Multi-Level Voting in Germany

The aim of this contribution is to analyse whether Land elections may (have) become uncoupled from the federal electoral process, and, if they have, to explore the implications for party competition in Germany. Initially, an overview is presented of the relevant theoretical models that can help unpack the relationship between different electoral arenas. Secondly, how these ideas have been applied to national and sub-national electoral competition in Germany is outlined, before an examination of the 'fit' of the data in both the pre- and post-unification periods. We conclude with reflections on two key features that have regularly surfaced in Gordon Smith's writings: party system change and political stability.     

能动司法的实现条件——一个中美比较的视角

近年来,司法能动作为一种与司法克制相对的司法意识形态,引起国内法学界和实务界的关注,很多学者和法官倡导在司法实践中应该充分发挥法官的自由裁量权,实行＂能动的司法＂。但是,能动司法的实现需要多方面条件和因素来支持,否则实行能动司法于法治是不利的。通过比较中美两国在法律文化、法律制度等方面的差异,分析美国能动司法的实现条件,发现中国的不足,有利于推动中国实行有限的＂能动司法＂,构建和谐的法治社会。     

关于高校理工科学生素质体系建设探析

高校理工科学生是经济发展和现代化建设的科技骨干和中坚力量,他们能否成为德才兼备的创新型人才,很大程度上取决于素质教育的成败。目前高校理工科学生素质体系建设尚存在一些不足,针对现状,从思想品德素质、科学素质、人文素质、心理素质四个方面对学生素质体系建设做了具体阐述,形成了完整的体系建设建议,通过探索和实践,使高校理工科学生更加适应社会发展的需要。     

公安高校网络警察培养实验教学体系研究

为了满足各级公安机关对网络警察的需求，很多公安高校增设了信息安全等相关专业，而网络警察培养是一门实践性非常强的学科，公安高校信息安全专业实验教学体系包括基础实验、计算机安全实验和公安业务实验三大部分，网络信息安全类和计算机取证类实验的实验内容、实验课程、实验项目、实验室建设工作值得重点分析研究。     

网络视频监控系统之现状与发展趋势分析

当前，我国既处于发展的重要战略机遇期，又处于社会矛盾凸显期，社会管理中存在着许多问题。为创新社会管理模式，强化社会公共事务的管理，文章阐述了网络视频监控系统在社会治安防控体系中的作用，存在的问题及今后的发展趋势。为进一步深化社会治安防控体系建设，提高社会治安防范管理水平，起到了抛砖引玉的作用。     

以分析案例为重点的国际商务单证教学方法研究

国际商务单证课程具有很强的操作性,意在培养学生外贸工作的制单能力。但目前高职院校课堂大都存在以理论讲授为主,学生接受性不强的问题。针对这类问题,提出在国际商务单证教学过程中采用以分析案例为重点的教学方法,并谈及应用与体会。     

中国政府执行行为动力机制构成的实证分析——以湖北省为例

政府执行行为动力机制是政府执行行为维持、运作与演变的内在力量源泉。当今西方公共管理主流理论有关政府行为动力机制的核心理论前提是所谓"自利经济人"假设,政府工作人员一切公务行为的唯一动机就是追求个人利益的最大化;公共利益不构成政府执行行为的动机前提。本文实证分析表明,当前中国各级政府执行行为已经形成了以"公共性价值取向"价值因子为导向与核心,以"公共性利益因素"、"机关外部动力因素"、"制度因素"等三类政府执行行为影响因素为主要内外影响因子,密切相关、内在稳定的一个主流动力机制功能体系。不过,这一体系并没有完全排斥个体性利益与价值追求。中国政府执行行为动力机制的制度化、规范化水平有待进一步提升。