Association of Five SNPs at the PARK16 locus as a Susceptibility Locus with Parkinson's Disease for Forensic Application

To investigate the association of five SNPs(rs823083,rs708723,rs4951261,rs823076 and rs16856110) at the PARK16 locus with Parkinson's disease(PD),and to potentiate its forensic application.The genomic DNAs of 215 PD patients and 212 matched controls from the northern Han Chinese population were amplified in two independent PCR systems and subsequently genotyped by digestion with the three endonucleases(Hinf Ⅰ,Nco Ⅰ and Msp Ⅰ).The genetic parameters and association studies were carried out with SPSS 13.0,Haploview version 4.2 and PLINK 1.07 softwares.We detected accurately all genotypes in the five SNPs with multiplex PCR-RFLP and mismatched multiplex PCR-RFLP techniques.The genotypes of four SNPs,except for rs823083,were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.The four SNPs,rs16856110,rs4951261,rs708723 and rs823076,which were in linkage equilibrium,should not be associated with PD(P-values ranging from 0.077 to 0.544).The SNPs investigated at the PARK16 locus were not found to be involved in PD-associated blocks in the northern Han Chinese population.The allele distributions of rs708723,rs4951261,rs823076 and rs16856110 in the northern Han Chinese population can be highly polymorphic,which can be applied to genetic analysis and forensic practices.     

Assessing the potential of bacterial DNA profiling for forensic soil comparisons

A pilot study was undertaken to evaluate DNA profiling of the bacterial community in soil as an alternative to geological methods for forensic soil comparisons. Soil samples from three different ecosystems were compared, and the variation within and between ecologically different sites was determined by using terminal restriction fragment (TRF) analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA. Comparison of TRF profiles revealed that samples from within a specific ecosystem (e.g., a field) showed a significantly higher similarity to each other than to those from another ecosystem (e.g., a forest). In addition, some profile features were unique to specific ecosystems. These features may allow the determination of characteristic profiles that will facilitate identification of ecologically different sites, so that a given sample collected from a suspect could be identified as originating from, for example, a field, rather than a forest. The implications of these preliminary findings for forensic investigations are discussed.     

维生素D受体基因多态性研究进展

维生素D受体(vitaminDreceptor,VDR)基因多态性可能与骨密度、骨质疏松、身高相关。本文作者就近年国内外所开展的VDR基因4个单核苷酸多态性(singlenucleotidepolymorphism,SNP)位点FokI、BsmI、ApaI、TaqI与骨密度、骨质疏松、身高关联性研究进行综述,发现各国的研究结果虽不尽相同,但VDR基因多态性在遗传学、临床内分泌代谢,尤其在法医学领域对身高的研究中,有重要的应用价值。     

DNA甲基化标记法医学应用探讨

CpG的胞嘧啶在DNA复制后多数被甲基化,5-甲基胞嘧啶的分布是贮存表遗传信息的主要形式。近年来研究表明,DNA甲基化标记具有信息含量丰富、相对稳定、检测和结果处理方便、可与SNP联合分析等优点,是一种新的强有力的遗传分析工具。基因组的甲基化差异可用甲基化敏感性限制酶、重亚硫酸盐转化、Maxam-Gilbert裂解等技术来分析。人类基因组甲基化谱有时空特异性、亲源特异性、病理特异性等特征,在法医亲子鉴定、个人识别等方面有潜在应用价值。     

温州汉族人群D12S391、D18S865基因座遗传多态性研究

目的研究短串联重复序列D12S391、D18S865的遗传多态性及法医学应用价值。方法应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)及银染显带技术对温州地区汉族454名无关个体的D12S391、D18S865位点进行分型。结果D12S391观察到11个等位基因,50种基因型;D18S865观察到7个等位基因,21种基因型。基因型频率的分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡,两个基因座的观测杂合度(H)分别为0.7974、0.7379;个体识别能力(DP)分别为0.9566、0.9077;多态信息含量(PIC)分别为0.8260、0.7279。结论两个STR基因座具有较高杂合度,等位基因分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P>0.5),在法医学应用和群体遗传学研究中较高的价值。     

脐带血的法律问题思考

随着干细胞领域科学研究的不断拓展,脐带血(也可称为脐血)成为治疗血液疾病的宝贵资源。现实中出现了脐带血的主体是胎儿还是孕妇、妇产科医生和公共脐血库是否负有告知相对人脐血价值等事项的义务、脐带血与身体分离之后性质究其是物还是仍属身体一部分以及对脐带血中所含基因隐私如何进行保护等问题。脐血的采集、保存及管理应尽快纳入到法律规定中。     

广西苗族人群15个STR基因座的多态性调查

目的调查广西苗族人群无关个体的15个STR基因座(D8S1179、D21S11、D7S820、CSF1PO、D3S1358、TH01、D13S317、D16S539、D2S1338、D19S433、vWA、TPOX、D18S51、D5S818、FGA)多态性,研究其在法医学检验中的应用价值。方法应用AmpFlSTRIdentifilerTM荧光标记复合扩增系统对274例广西苗族无关个体血样DNA进行15个STR基因座的复合扩增,用ABI3100遗传分析仪对扩增产物进行检测,用GeneScan、GenoTyper软件进行基因分型,统计计算15个STR基因座的群体遗传学参数。结果IdentifilerTM荧光标记系统的15个STR基因座在广西苗族人群的累积偶合率为5.04×10-17,累积非父排除率分别为0.9999993。结论该15个STR基因座可满足广西苗族人群法医学的个体识别及亲权鉴定的需要。     

D8S384基因座的遗传多态性及其在法医物证检验中的应用

揭示人类自然群体中D8S384基因座的基因型频率,评估D8S384基因座在法医物证中的应用价值,以及建立D8S384基因座的分型方法。用不同基因型PCR产物混合的方法,制备了D8S384等位基因分型标准物,并按照国际法医血液遗传学会DNA委员会推荐的原则命名了等位基因。采用PCR扩增、电泳分析、银染显色的方法,调查了世界3大人种11个群体1103名个体的D8S384基因型。D8S384基因座共有8个等位基因,群体内基因型分布符合Hardy－Weinberg平衡,群体间基因型构成有显著性差异。利用群体数据估计了D8S384基因座的法医学理论应用价值,计算得出D8S384基因座的期望杂合度为0．704±0．014,个人识别机率为0．864。D8S384基因座是一个较好的法医学STR遗传标记。     

X染色体上高信息量SNP位点及其法医学价值

人类X染色体长154.8Mb,其上密布SNP位点,蕴涵着大量的信息。用于法医学鉴定的X-SNP标记多态性好、突变率低。本研究从Hapmap、NCBI的数据库中筛选了167个高信息量SNP位点,这些位点的等位基因在北京汉族人群中的分布频率均高于0.3,通过高通量、高灵敏度的检测方法可对各个X-SNP位点进行分型验证,通过正确的统计学分析可得到其法医学多态性参数。X-SNP位点具有一些常染色体遗传标记无法比拟的优点,作为常规STR基因座的补充,能用于解决特殊的亲子鉴定案,性别鉴定和混合斑鉴定。     

复合扩增A10、C4基因座遗传多态性及法医学意义

目的　建立复合扩增A10、C4基因座的体系 ,研究其在法医学检验中的应用价值。方法　生物学样本用Chelex - 10 0的方法提取DNA ,荧光标记的特异性引物复合扩增A10、C4基因座 ,用ABI 310 0遗传分析仪对扩增产物进行检测分型。结果　A10、C4基因座各检出 6个等位基因 ,GD值分别为 0 .6 86 ,0 .84 6 .共检出 2 3种单倍型 ,其单倍型的个体识别率为 0 .9184。扩增女性DNA ,均无特异性扩增产物 ;调查 30个二代家系 ,均未观察到突变基因的存在。结论　A10、C4复合扩增体系多态性较高 ,对法医学中男女混合检材的个人识别及父系亲缘关系鉴定有较高的应用价值。